现代大学英语精读2 lesson9

Unit9QuickFixSocietyIntroductiontotheTextStructureIntroductionPara.1—3compareherrideonfastroadtoWestVirginiaandherreturntripofadifferentroute.BodyPara.4---6liststhreewaysAmericansseekaquickfix.ConclusionPara.7---8let’sslowdownandenjoywhatnatureoffersusandwhatmankindhasleftusandrediscoverlifeIntroductiontotheTextWritingSkillscomparisonandcontrast:Para1,2,4examples:Para5rhetoricalquestion:Para3,5,7repetition:Para4if-clausesPara5word“fast”quickfixquickfix:arepairtosthorananswertoaproblemthathappensquickly,butmayworkforonlyashorttime;waysofgettingthingsdonequicklye.g.Thereisno~forstoppingpollutionCongressistryingtoresist~solutions.WhatisGoldsteinconcernedabout?Ourneedforspeed2.Whateventinherlifespurredthisconcern?Ahurriedvacation3.GiveoneofGoldstein'sexamplesoftheproblem.AnyexamplefromtheessayisacceptableBackground1Confederate(邦联):referringtothe11secessioniststatesinsouthernAmericaduringtheCivilWarwithitscapitalinRichmond(里士满).ItsrivalwascalledUnion.2.PennsylvaniaAstateoftheeasternUnitedStates.ItwasadmittedasoneoftheoriginalThirteenColoniesin1787.Firstexploredintheearly1600's,theregionwassettledbySwedesin1634andgrantedbyroyalchartertoWilliamPennin1681.PennsylvaniaplayedacrucialroleintheAmericanRevolutionandintheformationofthenewrepublic.HarrisburgisthecapitalandPhiladelphiathelargestcity.PhiladelphialocatesonthewestbankofDelaware.ThesitewasselectedbyWilliamPennwiththenameof“cityofbrotherlylove”.Itwas“thebirthplaceofthenation”andtheDeclarationofIndependencewassignedhere.AnothermajorcityisPittsburgh.3.FifthSymphonyDit—dit—dit—daaah!ThreequickGsandalongE-flat-----LudwigvonBeethoven’sFifthsymphonyjustcouldbethemostmemorablemusicalphraseofalltime.Butthat’sjustthefirstfiveseconds.Asfortherest,innearlyeverynote,Beethoven’sFifthSymphonytopsthelistoffavorites.Clearly,Beethovencraftedsomethinguniversalandpowerfulthatreverberateswithagelesssignificanceineverylistenerregardlessoftheirdepthofmusicalculture.Withhisclassics,representedbyFate,Beethovenusheredinaneweraofmusic,theRomanticism.4.QualityTimeTheuseof“qualitytime”isverypopularinnowadaysUSA.Tomostpeople,itmeansconcentrated,uninterruptedtimespentwithfamilymembersandfriends.Thistimeshouldbemadeuseofwithhighqualitytomakeupforthetimelostinquantity.Expectationsofqualitytimeareusuallyhighandpeopleareencouragedtoscheduletheirqualitytime.Butmostlyfamiliesfailedtoreattainthehappinessinthepastwhenallthemembersspentalongtimetogetherandlivesweremoreleisure.Eg:Sheregardsherhourwithherdaughteratbedtimeasqualitytime.WordsandExpressions1.gorgeous:1)splendidlyorshowilybrilliantormagnificent;e.g.agorgeousVictoriangown;thepianist’sgorgeoustechnique2)(infml)delightful;e.g.Hesaysthatsheisagorgeousperson.3)(infml)verybeautiful(themeaninginthetext);Synonyms:magnificent,glorious,beautiful,grand,grandiose,imposing,majestic,stately,marvelous.2.Pastoral(adj.)1)oforrelatingtoorcomposedofshepherdsorherdsmen;2)devotedtoorbasedonlivestockraising;3)oforrelatingtothecountryside;noturban;4)pleasinglypeacefulandinnocent;5)oforrelatingtoapastor;e.g.RabbimakespastoralvisitseveryTuesday.(n.)1)aliterarywork(poem,drama,etc.)dealingwithshepherdsorrurallife;2)aruralpictureorscene;Pastorale:Adramaticperformanceoropera,popularinthe16thand17thcenturies,thatwasbasedonaruralthemeorsubject;Synonyms:idyllic,rural,rustic3.Crowd(vt.)1)tofillbypressingorthrongingtogether;e.g.ThechildrencrowdedaroundtheTV.2)toadvancebypressingorshoving;e.g.Reporterscrowdedtowardthecandidate.3)todraworstandcloseto;e.g.Thebatter(打击者)crowdedtheplate(本垒).4)(infml)toputpressureon;e.g.Don’tcrowdme,I’llpay.Synonyms:throng,crush,cram,horde,squeeze,press.4.Outlet(n.)1)aplaceoropeningthroughwhichsomethingisletout;exit;2)astreamflowingoutofalakeorpond;3)apublicationorbroadcastorganization;e.g.mediaoutlets;4)amarketforcommodity;5)anagencythroughwhichaproductismarketed;e.g.retailoutlets;6)areceptaclefortheplugofanelectricaldevice;5.DeferredgratificationDefer:topostpone;toputoff;adjourn;procrastinate;suspend;shelve;delay;e.g.Hismilitaryservicewasdeferreduntilhefinishedcollege.Gratification:satisfaction;Gratify(v.):togivepleasureorsatisfactionto;tosatisfy(adesire);e.g.Itgratifiedmetoknowhowsoonshewillbewellagain;NowshehasajobinFranceshecangratifyherwishtoEurope.6.Stuff(n.)1)Thematerialoutofwhichsomethingismadeorformed;substance;2)Theessentialsubstanceorelements;essence;E.g.““Wearesuchstuff/Asdreamsaremadeon”(Shakespeare)4)(slang)money,cash;5)(slang)drug,esp.heroin;stuff(aspace)withsomething:tofillwithsth.Eg:Hiswalletisalwaysstuffedwithcoins.(v.)1)topacktightly;cram;2)toblock;plug;3)tofill(themind);e.g.stuffingtheirheadswithfacts;“That’sthestuff!”That’stherightthingtodo/say!“Knowone’sstuff”tobegoodatwhatoneisconcernedwith;“Stuffandnonsense!”That’sastupididea!7.Rack(n.)1)aframeworkorstandinwhichoronwhichtohold,hangordisplayvariousarticles;2)aframeworkforlivestockfeed;3)aninstrumentoftortureonwhichthevictim’sbodywasstretched;4)acauseofanguishorpain;Ontherack:undergreatemotionalstress;Offtherack(AmE)/offthepeg(BrE)(ofclothes)ready-made;madetoastandardaveragesizeandnormadeesp.tofityou.8.Note1)melody,song;tone;2)awrittensymbolusedtoindicatedurationandpitchofatonebyitsshapeandpositiononthestaff;e.g.everynoteofBeethoven’sFifthSymphony;8.Bankwords:1)account:arecordorstatementofmoneyreceivedorpaidout,asbyabankorbusiness,esp.foraparticularperiodorataparticulardate;moneydepositedinabankaccountandsubjecttowithdrawalbythedepositor;2)accountant:apersonwhosejobistokeepandexaminethemoneyaccountsofbusinessesorpeople.3)loan:moneylentatinterestusu.Attheborrower’stemporaryuse;4)check:awrittenorderdirectingabanktopaymoneyasinstructed;5)creditcard:acardauthorizingpurchasesoncredit;6)teller:amemberofabank’sstaffconcernedwiththedirecthandlingofmoneyreceivedorpaidout;7)deposit:somethingplacedforsafekeepingorasapledge,esp.toputinabank.9.FastroadsintheUSHighways:usuallyconnectcities.Superhighways:aroadwithmanylanes.Interstatehighways:connectcitiesindifferentstates,andsometimesgothroughseveralstates.Freeways:roadswithinacityonwhichyoucandrivewithoutstopping,usu.have3or4lanesineachdirection.Expressways:fastroadsinornearcities.Freewaysandexpresswaysarefree.Turnpike/tollway:beforeyouuseafastroadyouhavetopayasmallamountofmoney.10.antiquecars:carsmadeinanearlierperiodandusu.valueable.11.moreandmore:increasingly,toasteadyincreasingextendordegree.Eg:whenhefirstarrived,herejectedcheese.Butmoreandmore,hecomestolikeit.12.save(up)(for):tokeepandaddtoanamountofmoneyforlateruse.Eg:I’msaving(up)formyretirement.They’resavingupforatriptoEurope.13.helpsb.out:togivesb.helpatatimeofneed.Eg:MyfriendshelpedmeoutwhenIlostmyjob.14.takeouttoabtainanofficialdocumentorserviceeg:totakeoutaloan/aninsurancepolicy（保单）/amortgage（按揭，抵押贷款）15.notagreewithsb.(offood)tomakeyoufeelill/sick.Eg:Iloveseafood,butitdoesn’tagreewithme.16.Linger(over/on)tocontinuetolookatsth.Eg:Thedetectivelingeredoversomecigaretteashonthefloor.17.pickoutsb./sth.Tochoosecarefullyfromagroupofpeopleorthings.Eg:Hepickedoutthebestwineforhisparents.Shewaspickedouttospeakonbehalfoftheclass.18.devotesthtosb/sthtogiveanamountoftime,attention,etc.tosborstheg:Nomatterhowbusyheis,dedevotesanhouradaytoreading.19.moreoftenthannotmorethanoratleasthalfofthetime.Eg:WheneverImakearequest,moreoftenornotmyparentsrejectit.Moreoftenthannot,thecoupledineoutinChineserestaurants.Distinctionamongsynonyms:1.abolishcanceldeleteabolishvt.“废除”，相当于doawaywith，指废除长期存在的 制度 关于办公室下班关闭电源制度矿山事故隐患举报和奖励制度制度下载人事管理制度doc盘点制度下载 、法律或习惯。AbrahamLincolnabolishedtheAmericanslavery.cancelvt.“取消”，相当于calloff，指由于某种原因取消事先安排好或决定了的事。ThePresidentcancelledhistriptoRussiaduetotheaccident.Hecancelledhisorderforthegoods.deletevt.“删除”，常指对稿件或印刷品字句的删除。Severalwordshavebeendeletedfromthereportbythecensor.Distinctionamongsynonyms:ExerciseTomydisappointment,thefootballgamewas____.Theeditor____quiteafewwordsfromthearticle.Manysuperstitiouspracticeshavebeen____since1994.NewZealand____thedeathpenaltyformurderin1941.He____hisorderforthebooks.Theeditor____twolinesinmymanuscript.Distinctionamongsynonyms:Keys:1)cancelled2)deleted3)abolished4)abolished5)cancelled6)deleted