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Designing Hardware for Microsoft® Operating Systems
Microsoft Extensible Firmware Initiative
FAT32 File System Specification
FAT: General Overview of On-Disk Format
Version 1.03, December 6, 2000
Microsoft Corporation
The FAT (File Allocation Table) file system has its origins in the late 1970s and early1980s
and was the file system supported by the Microsoft® MS-DOS® operating system. It was
originally developed as a simple file system suitable for floppy disk drives less than 500K in
size. Over time it has been enhanced to support larger and larger media. Currently there are
three FAT file system types: FAT12, FAT16 and FAT32. The basic difference in these FAT
sub types, and the reason for the names, is the size, in bits, of the entries in the actual FAT
structure on the disk. There are 12 bits in a FAT12 FAT entry, 16 bits in a FAT16 FAT entry
and 32 bits in a FAT32 FAT entry.
Contents
Notational Conventions in this Document ..............................................................................................7
General Comments (Applicable to FAT File System All Types)............................................................7
Boot Sector and BPB...............................................................................................................................7
FAT Data Structure ...............................................................................................................................13
FAT Type Determination ......................................................................................................................14
FAT Volume Initialization ....................................................................................................................19
FAT32 FSInfo Sector Structure and Backup Boot Sector.....................................................................21
FAT Directory Structure .......................................................................................................................22
FAT Long Directory Entries .................................................................................................................25
Name Limits and Character Sets ...........................................................................................................29
Name Matching In Short & Long Names..............................................................................................30
Naming Conventions and Long Names.................................................................................................30
Effect of Long Directory Entries on Down Level Versions of FAT .....................................................32
Validating The Contents of a Directory ................................................................................................32
Other Notes Relating to FAT Directories..............................................................................................33
Microsoft, MS_DOS, Windows, and Windows NT are trademarks or registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States
and/or other countries. Other product and company names mentioned herein may be the trademarks of their respective owners.
© 2000 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
FAT: General Overview of On-Disk Format—Page 2
© 2000 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. 2
Microsoft Extensible Firmware Initiative FAT32 File System Specification
IMPORTANT-READ CAREFULLY: This Microsoft Agreement (“Agreement”) is a legal agreement
between you (either an individual or a single entity) and Microsoft Corporation (“Microsoft”) for the
version of the Microsoft specification identified above which you are about to download
(“Specification”). BY DOWNLOADING, COPYING OR OTHERWISE USING THE
SPECIFICATION, YOU AGREE TO BE BOUND BY THE TERMS OF THIS AGREEMENT. IF
YOU DO NOT AGREE TO THE TERMS OF THIS AGREEMENT, DO NOT DOWNLOAD, COPY,
OR USE THE SPECIFICATION.
The Specification is owned by Microsoft or its suppliers and is protected by copyright laws and
international copyright treaties, as well as other intellectual property laws and treaties.
1. LIMITED LICENSE AND COVENANT NOT TO SUE.
(a) Provided that you comply with all terms and conditions of this Agreement and subject to
the limitations in Sections 1(c) - (f) below, Microsoft grants to you the following non-exclusive,
worldwide, royalty-free, non-transferable, non-sublicenseable license under any copyrights owned
or licensable by Microsoft without payment of consideration to unaffiliated third parties, to
reproduce the Specification solely for the purposes of creating portions of products which comply
with the Specification in unmodified form.
(b) Provided that you comply with all terms and conditions of this Agreement and subject to
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worldwide, royalty-free, non-transferable, non-sublicenseable, reciprocal limited covenant not to
sue under its Necessary Claims solely to make, have made, use, import, and directly and
indirectly, offer to sell, sell and otherwise distribute and dispose of portions of products which
comply with the Specification in unmodified form.
For purposes of sections (a) and (b) above, the Specification is “unmodified” if there are no
changes, additions or extensions to the Specification, and “Necessary Claims” means claims of a
patent or patent application which are (1) owned or licenseable by Microsoft without payment of
consideration to an unaffiliated third party; and (2) have an effective filing date on or before
December 31, 2010, that must be infringed in order to make a portion(s) of a product that
complies with the Specification. Necessary Claims does not include claims relating to
semiconductor manufacturing technology or microprocessor circuits or claims not required to be
infringed in complying with the Specification (even if in the same patent as Necessary Claims).
(c) The foregoing covenant not to sue shall not extend to any part or function of a product
which (i) is not required to comply with the Specification in unmodified form, or (ii) to which there
was a commercially reasonable alternative to infringing a Necessary Claim.
(d) Each of the license and the covenant not to sue described above shall be unavailable to
you and shall terminate immediately if you or any of your Affiliates (collectively “Covenantee
Party”) “Initiates” any action for patent infringement against: (x) Microsoft or any of its Affiliates
(collectively “Granting Party”), (y) any customers or distributors of the Granting Party, or other
recipients of a covenant not to sue with respect to the Specification from the Granting Party
(“Covenantees”); or (z) any customers or distributors of Covenantees (all parties identified in (y)
and (z) collectively referred to as “Customers”), which action is based on a conformant
implementation of the Specification. As used herein, “Affiliate” means any entity which directly or
indirectly controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with a party; and control shall
mean the power, whether direct or indirect, to direct or cause the direction of the management or
policies of any entity whether through the ownership of voting securities, by contract or otherwise.
“Initiates” means that a Covenantee Party is the first (as between the Granting Party and the
Covenantee Party) to file or institute any legal or administrative claim or action for patent
infringement against the Granting Party or any of the Customers. “Initiates” includes any situation
in which a Covenantee Party files or initiates a legal or administrative claim or action for patent
FAT: General Overview of On-Disk Format—Page 3
© 2000 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. 3
infringement solely as a counterclaim or equivalent in response to a Granting Party first filing or
instituting a legal or administrative patent infringement claim against such Covenantee Party.
(e) Each of the license and the covenant not to sue described above shall not extend to your
use of any portion of the Specification for any purpose other than (a) to create portions of an
operating system (i) only as necessary to adapt such operating system so that it can directly
interact with a firmware implementation of the Extensible Firmware Initiative Specification v. 1.0
(“EFI Specification”); (ii) only as necessary to emulate an implementation of the EFI Specification;
and (b) to create firmware, applications, utilities and/or drivers that will be used and/or licensed
for only the following purposes: (i) to install, repair and maintain hardware, firmware and portions
of operating system software which are utilized in the boot process; (ii) to provide to an operating
system runtime services that are specified in the EFI Specification; (iii) to diagnose and correct
failures in the hardware, firmware or operating system software; (iv) to query for identification of a
computer system (whether by serial numbers, asset tags, user or otherwise); (v) to perform
inventory of a computer system; and (vi) to manufacture, install and setup any hardware,
firmware or operating system software.
(f) Microsoft reserves all other rights it may have in the Specification and any intellectual
property therein. The furnishing of this document does not give you any license or covenant not
to sue with respect to any other Microsoft patents, trademarks, copyrights or other intellectual
property rights.
2. ADDITIONAL LIMITATIONS AND OBLIGATIONS.
(a)The foregoing license and covenant not to sue is applicable only to the version of the
Specification which you are about to download. It does not apply to any additional versions of or
extensions to the Specification.
(b)Without prejudice to any other rights, Microsoft may terminate this Agreement if you fail to
comply with the terms and conditions of this Agreement. In such event you must destroy all
copies of the Specification.
3. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS. All ownership, title and intellectual property rights
in and to the Specification are owned by Microsoft or its suppliers.
4. U.S. GOVERNMENT RIGHTS. Any Specification provided to the U.S. Government pursuant
to solicitations issued on or after December 1, 1995 is provided with the commercial rights and
restrictions described elsewhere herein. Any Specification provided to the U.S. Government
pursuant to solicitations issued prior to December 1, 1995 is provided with RESTRICTED
RIGHTS as provided for in FAR, 48 CFR 52.227-14 (JUNE 1987) or DFAR, 48 CFR 252.227-
7013 (OCT 1988), as applicable.
5. EXPORT RESTRICTIONS. Export of the Specification, any part thereof, or any process
or service that is the direct product of the Specification (the foregoing collectively referred to as
the “Restricted Components”) from the United States is regulated by the Export Administration
Regulations (EAR, 15 CFR 730-744) of the U.S. Commerce Department, Bureau of Export
Administration (“BXA”). You agree to comply with the EAR in the export or re-export of the
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export of goods or services, which currently include, but are not necessarily limited to Cuba, Iran,
Iraq, Libya, North Korea, Sudan, Syria and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (including Serbia,
but not Montenegro), or to any national of any such country, wherever located, who intends to
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who you know or have reason to know will utilize the Restricted Components in the design,
development or production of nuclear, chemical or biological weapons; or (iii) to any person or
entity who has been prohibited from participating in U.S. export transactions by any federal
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information see http://www.microsoft.com/exporting.
FAT: General Overview of On-Disk Format—Page 4
© 2000 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. 4
6. DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTIES. To the maximum extent permitted by applicable law,
Microsoft and its suppliers provide the Specification (and all intellectual property therein) and any
(if any) support services related to the Specification (“Support Services”) AS IS AND WITH ALL
FAULTS, and hereby disclaim all warranties and conditions, either express, implied or statutory,
including, but not limited to, any (if any) implied warranties or conditions of merchantability, of
fitness for a particular purpose, of lack of viruses, of accuracy or completeness of responses, of
results, and of lack of negligence or lack of workmanlike effort, all with regard to the Specification,
any intellectual property therein and the provision of or failure to provide Support Services.
ALSO, THERE IS NO WARRANTY OR CONDITION OF TITLE, QUIET ENJOYMENT, QUIET
POSSESSION, CORRESPONDENCE TO DESCRIPTION OR NON-INFRINGEMENT, WITH
REGARD TO THE SPECIFICATION AND ANY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY THEREIN. THE
ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY OF OR ARISING OUT OF USE OR PERFORMANCE OF
THE SPECIFICATION, ANY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY THEREIN, AND SUPPORT
SERVICES, IF ANY, REMAINS WITH YOU.
7. EXCLUSION OF INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL AND CERTAIN OTHER DAMAGES.
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the fault, tort (including negligence), strict liability, breach of contract or breach of warranty of
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8. LIMITATION OF LIABILITY AND REMEDIES. Notwithstanding any damages that you
might incur for any reason whatsoever (including, without limitation, all damages referenced
above and all direct or general damages), the entire liability of Microsoft and any of its suppliers
under any provision of this Agreement and your exclusive remedy for all of the foregoing shall be
limited to the greater of the amount actually paid by you for the Specification or U.S.$5.00. The
foregoing limitations, exclusions and disclaimers shall apply to the maximum extent permitted by
applicable law, even if any remedy fails its essential purpose.
9. APPLICABLE LAW. If you acquired this Specification in the United States, this
Agreement is governed by the laws of the State of Washington. If you acquired this Specification
in Canada, unless expressly prohibited by local law, this Agreement is governed by the laws in
force in the Province of Ontario, Canada; and, in respect of any dispute which may arise
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Ontario. If this Specification was acquired outside the United States, then local law may apply.
10.QUESTIONS. Should you have any questions concerning this Agreement, or if you desire to
contact Microsoft for any reason, please contact the Microsoft subsidiary serving your country, or
write: Microsoft Sales Information Center/One Microsoft Way/Redmond, WA 98052-6399.
11.ENTIRE AGREEMENT. This Agreement is the entire agreement between you and Microsoft
relating to the Specification and the Support Services (if any) and they supersede all prior or
contemporaneous oral or written communications, proposals and representations with respect to
the Specification or any other subject matter covered by this Agreement. To the extent the terms
of any Microsoft policies or programs for Support Services conflict with the terms of this
Agreement, the terms of this Agreement shall control.
FAT: General Overview of On-Disk Format—Page 5
© 2000 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. 5
Si vous avez acquis votre produit Microsoft au CANADA, la garantie limitée suivante vous
concerne :
RENONCIATION AUX GARANTIES. Dans toute la mesure permise par la législation en vigueur,
Microsoft et ses fournisseurs fournissent la Specification (et à toute propriété intellectuelle dans
celle-ci) et tous (selon le cas) les services d’assistance liés à la Specification (“Services
d’assistance”) TELS QUELS ET AVEC TOUS LEURS DÉFAUTS, et par les présentes excluent
toute garantie ou condition, expresse ou implicite, légale ou conventionnelle, écrite ou verbale, y
compris, mais sans limitation, toute (selon le cas) garantie ou condition implicite ou légale de
qualité marchande, de conformité à un usage particulier, d’absence de virus, d’exactitude et
d’intégralité des réponses, de résultats, d’efforts techniques et professionnels et d’absence de
négligence, le tout relativement à la Specification, à toute propriété intellectuelle dans celle-ci et à
la prestation ou à la non-prestation des Services d’assistance. DE PLUS, IL N’Y A AUCUNE
GARANTIE ET CONDITION DE TITRE, DE JOUISSANCE PAISIBLE, DE POSSESSION
PAISIBLE, DE SIMILARITÉ À LA DESCRIPTION ET D’ABSENCE DE CONTREFAÇON
RELATIVEMENT À LA SPÉCIFICATION ET À TOUTE PROPRIÉTÉ INTELLECTUELLE DANS
CELLE-CI. VOUS SUPPORTEZ TOUS LES RISQUES DÉCOULANT DE L’UTILISATION ET DE
LA PERFORMANCE DE LA SPÉCIFICATION ET DE TOUTE PROPRIÉTÉ INTELLECTUELLE
DANS CELLE-CI ET CEUX DÉCOULANT DES SERVICES D’ASSISTANCE (S’IL Y A LIEU).
EXCLUSION DES DOMMAGES INDIRECTS, ACCESSOIRES ET AUTRES. Dans toute la
mesure permise par la législation en vigueur, Microsoft et ses fournisseurs ne sont en aucun cas
responsables de tout dommage spécial, indirect, accessoire, moral ou exemplaire quel qu’il soit
(y compris, mais sans limitation, les dommages entraînés par la perte de bénéfices ou la perte
d’information confidentielle ou autre, l’interruption des affaires, les préjudices corporels, la perte
de confidentialité, le défaut de remplir toute obligation y compris les obligations de bonne foi et de
diligence raisonnable, la négligence et toute autre perte pécuniaire ou autre perte de quelque
nature que ce soit) découlant de, ou de toute autre manière lié à, l’utilisation ou l’impossibilité
d’utiliser la Spécification, toute propriété intellectuelle dans celle-ci, la prestation ou la non-
prestation des Services d’assistance ou autrement en vertu de ou relativement à toute disposition
de cette convention, que ce soit en cas de faute, de délit (y compris la négligence), de
responsabilité stricte, de manquement à un contrat ou de manquement à une garantie de
Microsoft ou de l’un de ses fournisseurs, et ce, même si Microsoft ou l’un de ses fournisseurs a
été avisé de la possibilité de tels dommages.
LIMITATION DE RESPONSABILITÉ ET RECOURS. Malgré tout dommage que vous pourriez
encourir pour quelque raison que ce soit (y compris, mais sans limitation, tous les dommages
mentionnés ci-dessus et tous les dommages directs et généraux), la seule responsabilité de
Microsoft et de ses fournisseurs en vertu de toute disposition de cette conve
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