英语四六级阅读理解答案

四级第二套SectionCPassageOneQuestions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Acrosstherichworld,well-educatedpeopleincreasinglyworklongerthantheless-skilled.Some65%ofAmericanmenaged62-74withaprofessionaldegreeareintheworkforce,comparedwith32%ofmenwithonlyahigh-schoolcertificate.Thisgapispartofadeepeningdividebetweenthewell-educatedwell-offandtheunskilledpoor.Rapidtechnologicaladvancehasraisedtheincomesofthehighlyskilledwhilesqueezingthoseoftheunskilled.Theconsequences,forindividualsandsociety,areprofound.Theworldisfacinganastonishingriseintheofoldpeople,andtheywilllivelongerthaneverbefore.Overthenext20yearstheglobalpopulationofthoseaged65ormorewillalmostdouble,from600milliontobillion.Theexperienceofthe20thcentury,whengreaterlongevity(长寿)translatedintomoreyearsinretirementratherthanmoreyearsatwork,haspersuadedmanyobserversthatthisshiftwillleadtoslowereconomicgrowth,whiletheswellingranksofpensionerswillcreategovernmentbudgetproblems.Butthenotionofasharpdivisionbetweentheworkingyoungandtheidleoldmissesanewtrend,thegrowinggapbetweentheskilledandtheunskilled.Employmentratesarefailingamongyoungerunskilledpeople,whereasolderskilledfolkareworkingdivideismostextremeinAmerica,wherewell-educatedbaby-boomers(二战后生育高峰期出生的美国人)areputtingoffretirementwhilemanyless-skilledyoungerpeoplehaveabandonedpoliciesthatusedXtoretireearly.Risinglifeexpectancy(预期生命),combinedwiththereplace-Xpensionplanswithlessgenerousdefined-contributionones,meansthateventhebetter-offmustworklongertohaveacomfortableretirement.Butthechangingnatureofworkalsoplaysabigrole.Payhasrisensharplyforthehighlyeducated,andthosepeoplecontinuetoreaprichrewardsintooldagebecausethesedaystheeducatedelderlyaremoreproductivethattheprecedinggeneration.Technologicalchargemaywellreinforcethatshift;theskillsthatcomplementcomputers,frommanagementknowhowtocreativity,donotnecessarilydeclinewithage.ishappeningintheworkforceinrichcountries?peoplearereplacingtheelderly.peopletendtoworklonger.ratesarerisingyearafteryear.withnocollagedegreedonoteasilyfindwork.【答案】Bhashelpeddeepenthedividebetweenthewell-offandthepoor?lifeexpectancies.rapidtechnologicaladvance.changesintheworkforce.growingnumberofthewell-educated.【答案】Bdomanyobserverspredictinviewoftheexperienceoftheexperienceofthe20thcentury?growthwillslowdown.budgetswillincrease.peoplewilltrytopursuehighereducation.willbemorecompetitioninthejobmarket.【答案】AistheresultofpolicychangesinEuropeancountries?workersmaychoosetoretireearly.havetoreceivein-servicetraining.wealthypeoplemustworklongertolivecomfortablyinretirement.beabletoenjoygenerousdefined-benefitsfrompensionplans.【答案】Cischaracteristicofworkinthe21stcentury?willdomorecomplicatedwork.willbetheeducatedyoung.jobstobedonewillbecreativeones.arehighlyvaluedregardlessofage.【答案】DPassageTwoQuestions62to65arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Someoftheworld'smostsignsignificantproblemshitheadlines.Oneexamplecomesfromagriculture.Foodriotsandhungermakenews.Butthetrendlyingbehindthesemattersisrarelytalkedabout.Thisisthedeclineinthegrowthinyieldsofsomeoftheworld'smajorcrops.AnewstudybytheUniversityofMinnesotaandMcGillUniversityinMontreallooksatwhere,andhowfar,thisdeclineisoccurring.Theauthorstakeavastnumberofdatapointsforthefourmostimportantcrops:rice,wheat,cornandsoyabeans(大豆).Theyfindthatonbetween24%and39%ofallharvestedareas,theimprovementinyieldsthattookplacebeforethe1980ssloweddowninthe1990sand2000s.Therearetwoworryingfeaturesoftheslowdown.Oneisthatithasbeenparticularlysharpintheworld'smostpopulous(人口多的)countries,IndiaandChina.Theirabilitytofeedthemselveshasbeenanimportantsourceofrelativestabilitybothwithinthecountriesandonworldfoodmarkets.Thatself-sufficiencycannotbetakenforgrantedifyieldscontinuetoslowdownorreverse.Second,yieldgrowthhasbeenlowerinwheatandricethanincornandsoyabeans.Thisisproblematicbecausewheatandricearemoreimportantasfoods,accountingforaroundhalfofallcaloriesconsumed.Cornandsoyabeansaremoreimportantasfeedgrains.Theauthorsnotethat"wehavepreferentiallyfocusedourcropimprovementeffortsonfeedinganimalsandcarsratherthanoncropsthatfeedpeopleandarethebasisoffoodsecurityinmuchoftheworld."Thereportqualifiesthemoreoptimisticfindingsofanothernewpaperwhichsuggeststhattheworldwillnothavetodigupalotmorelandforfarminginordertofeed9billionpeoplein2050,astheFoodandAgricultureOrganisationhasargued.Instead,itsays,thankstoslowingpopulationgrowth,landcurrentlyploughedupforcropsmightbeabletorevert(回返)toforestorwilderness.Thiscouldhappen.Thetroubleisthattheforecastassumescontinuedimprovementsinyields,whichmaynotactuallyhappen.doestheauthortrytodrawattentionto?riotsandhungerintheworld.declineofthegrainyieldgrowth.headlinesintheleadingmedia.foodsupplyinpopulouscountries.【答案】BdoestheauthormentionIndiaandChinainparticular?self-sufficiencyisvitaltothestabilityofmarkets.foodyieldshavebeguntodecreasesharplyinrecentyears.bigpopulationsarecausingworldwideconcerns.foodself-sufficiencyhasbeentakenforgranted.【答案】Adoesthenewstudybythetwouniversitiessayaboutrecentcropimprovementefforts?failtoproducethesameremarkableresultsasbeforethe1980s.contributealottotheimprovementofhumanfoodplayamajorroleinguaranteeingthefoodsecurityoftheworld.worldfoodproduction.focusmoreontheincreaseofanimalfeedthanhumanfoodgrains.【答案】DdoestheFoodandAgricultureOrganisationsayaboutworldfoodproductioninthecomingdecades?growingpopulationwillgreatlyincreasethepressureonworldfoodsupplies.optimisticpredictionaboutfoodproductionshouldbeviewedwithcaution.slowdownofthegrowthinyieldsofmajorfoodcropswillbereversed.worldwillbeabletofeeditspopulationwithoutincreasingfarmland.【答案】DdoestheauthorviewtheargumentoftheFoodandAgricultureOrganisation?isbuiltonthefindingsofanewstudy.isbasedonadoubtfulassumption.isbackedbystrongevidence.isopentofurtherdiscussion.【答案】B四级第一套SectionCPassageOneQuestion57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Ifyouthinkahigh-factorsunscreen(防晒霜)keepsyousafefromharmfulrays,youmaybewrong.Researchinthisweek'sNatureshowsthatwhilefactor50reducesthenumberofmelanomas(黑瘤)anddelaystheiroccurrence,itcan'tpreventthem.Melanomasarethemostaggressiveskincancers.Youhaveahigherriskifyouhaveredorblondhair,fairskin,blueorgreeneyes,orsunburneasily,orifacloserelativehashadone.Melanomasaremorecommonifyouhaveperiodicintenseexposuretothesun.Otherskincancersareincreasinglylikelywithlong-termexposure.Thereiscontinuingdebateastohoweffectivesunscreenisinreducingmelanomas—theevidenceisweakerthanitisforpreventingothertypesofskincancer.A2011Australianstudyof1,621peoplefoundthatpeoplerandomlyselectedtoapplysunscreendailyhadhalftherateofmelanomasofpeoplewhousedcreamasneeded.Asecondstudy,comparing1,167peoplewithmelanomasto1,101whodidn'thavethecancer,foundthatusingsunscreenroutinely,alongsideotherprotectionsuchashats,longsleevesorstayingintheshade,didgivesomeprotection.Thisstudysaidotherformsofsunprotection—notsunscreen—seemedmostbeneficial.Thestudyreliedonpeoplerememberingwhattheyhaddoneovereachdecadeoftheirlives,soit'snotentirelyreliable.Butitseemsreasonabletothinksunscreengivespeopleafalsesenseofsecurityinthesun.Manypeoplealsodon'tusesunscreenproperly-applyinginsufficientamounts,failingtoreapplyafteracoupleofhoursandstayinginthesuntoolong.Itissunburnthatismostworrying-recentshowsfiveepisodesofsunburnintheteenageyearsincreasestheriskofallskincancers.Thegoodnewsisthatacombinationofsunscreenandcoveringupcanreducemelanomarates,asshownbyAustralianfiguresfromtheirslip-slop-slapcampaign.Soifthereisaheatwavethissummer,itwouldbebestforus,too,tosliponashirt,slopon(抹上)sunscreenandslaponahat.57.【题干】Whatispeople'scommonexpectationofahigh-factorsunscreen?willdelaytheoccurrenceofskincancer.willprotectthemfromsunburn.willkeeptheirskinsmoothandfair.willworkforpeopleofanyskincolor.【答案】B58.【题干】WhatdoestheresearchinNaturesayaboutahigh-factorsunscreen?isineffectiveinpreventingmelanomas.isineffectiveincaseofintensesunlight.isineffectivewithlong-termexposure.isineffectiveforpeoplewithfairskin.【答案】C59.【题干】Whatdowelearnfromthe2011Australianstudyof1,621people?shouldbeappliedalongsideotherprotectionmeasures.peoplebenefitthemostfromtheapplicationofsunscreen.applicationofsunscreendoeswomenmoreharmthangood.applicationofsunscreenhelpsreducetheincidenceofmelanomas.【答案】D【题干】WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutthesecondAustralianstudy?misleadspeopletorelyonsunscreenforprotection.helpspeopletoselectthemosteffectivesunscreen.isnotbasedondirectobservationofthesubjects.confirmstheresultsofthefirstAustralianstudy.【答案】D61.【题干】Whatdoestheauthorsuggesttoreducemelanomarates?bothcoveringupandsunscreen.intheshadewheneverpossible.coveringupinsteadofsunscreen.therightamountofsunscreen.【答案】APassageTwoQuestions62to65arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Acrosstherichworld,well-educatedpeopleincreasinglyworklongerthantheless-skilled.Some65%ofAmericanmenaged62-74withaprofessionaldegreeareintheworkforce,comparedwith32%ofmenwithonlyahigh-schoolcertificate.Thisgapispartofadeepeningdividebetweenthewell-educatedwell-offunskilledpoor.Rapidtechnologicaladvancehasraisedtheandtheincomesofthehighlyskilledwhilesqueezingthoseoftheunskilled.Theconsequences,forindividualsandsociety,areprofound.Theworldisfacinganastonishingriseinthenumberofoldpeople,andtheywilllivelongerthaneverbefore.Overthenext20yearstheglobalpopulationofthoseaged65ormorewillalmostdouble,from600milliontobillion.Theexperienceofthe20thcentury,retirementwhengreaterlongevity(ratherthanmore长寿)translatedyearsatwork,intomoreyearsinhaspersuadedmanyobserversthatthisshiftwillleadtoslowereconomicgrowth,whiletheswellingranksofpensionerswillcreategovernmentbudgetproblems.Butthenotionofasharpdivisionbetweentheworkingyoungandtheidleoldmissesanewtrend,thegrowinggapbetweentheskilledandtheunskilledpeople,whereasolderskilledfolkareworkinglonger.ThedivideismostextremeinAmerica,wherewell-educatedbaby-boomers(puttingoffretirementwhiledroppedoutoftheworkforce.二战后生育高峰期出生的美国人)aremanyless-skilledyoungerpeoplehavePolicyispartlyresponsible.ManyEuropeangovernmentshaveabandonedpoliciesthatusedtoencouragepeopletoretireearly.Risinglifeexpectancy(预期寿命),combinedwiththereplacementofgenerousdefined-benefitpensionplanswithlessgenerousdefined-contributionones,meansthateventhebetter-offmustworklongertohaveacomfortableretirement.Butthechangingnatureofworkalsoplaysabigrole.Payhasrisensharplyforthehighlyeducated,andthosepeoplecontinuetoreaprichrewardsintooldagebecausethesedaystheeducatedelderlyaremoreproductivethantheprecedinggeneration.Technologicalchangemaywellreinforcethatshift:theskillsthatcomplementcomputers,frommanagementknowhowtocreativity,donotnecessarilydeclinewithage.62.【题干】Whatishappeningintheworkforceinrichcountries?peoplearereplacingtheelderly.peopletendtoworklonger.ratesarerisingyearafteryear.withnocollegedegreedonoteasilyfindwork.【答案】B63.【题干】Whathashelpeddeepenthedividebetweenthewell-offandthepoor?lifeexpectancies.changesintheworkforce.rapidtechnologicaladvance.growingnumberofthewell-educated.【答案】C64.【题干】Whatdomanyobserverspredictinviewoftheexperienceofthe20thcentury?growthwillslowdown.budgetswillincrease.peoplewilltrytopursuehighereducation.willbemorecompetitioninthejobmarket.【答案】A【题干】WhatistheresultofpolicychangesinEuropeancountries?workersmaychoosetoretireearly.peoplehavetoreceivein-servicetraining.wealthypeoplemustworklongertolivecomfortablyinretirement.maybeabletoenjoygenerousdefined-benefitsfrompensionplans.【答案】C66.【题干】Whatischaracteristicofworkinthe21stcentury?willdomorecomplicatedwork.willbetakenbytheeducatedyoung.jobstobedonewillbecreativeones.arehighlyvaluedregardlessofage.【答案】D四级卷三C)Thedeclineofthegrainyieldgrowth.A)Theirself-sufficiencyisvitaltothestabilityofworldfoodmarkets.D)Theyfocusmoreontheincreaseofanimalfeedthanhumanfoodgrains.D)Theworldwillbeabletofeeditspopulationwithoutincreasingfarmland.B)Itisbasedonadoubtfulassumption.A)Morementakinganextendedparentalleave.62.C)Theirnumberistoosmalltomakeadifference。A)Alongleavewillhaveanegativeimpactontheircareer.C)Surprise六级卷一56.moneyintothemarketthroughassetbuying.finacialregulation.possessesstrongpersuasivepower.61.B.Attendtheschooloncetheyareadmitted.62.A.Tomakesuretheygetqualifiedstudents.C.Itallowsthemlittletimetomakeinformedchoice.D.Itplacesstudentsfromlower-incomefamiliesatadisadvantage.B.Avoidchoosingearlydecisionunlesstheyarefullyprepared.六级卷二PassageOne56A)Togettheirshareofcleanair.57C)Offeringpreferentialtreatmenttowealthycountries.58B)Ourrelationshiptotheplantworld.59D)Bypoolingtheireffortstogether.60C)Sharelifewithnature.PassageTwo61B)Attendtheschooloncetheyareadmitted.62A)Tomakesuretheygetqualifiedstudents.63C)Itallowsthemlittletimetomakeinformeddecisions.64D)Itplacesstudentsfromlower-incomefamiliesatadisadvantage.65B)Avoidchoosingearlydecisionunlesstheyarefullyprepared.