句法基础知识

个人资料整理，仅供个人学习使用个人资料整理，仅供个人学习使用个人资料整理，仅供个人学习使用个人资料整理，仅供个人学习使用句法基础知识一、句子的成分句子是一个完整的意义单位，一个完整的英语句子至少由两部分组成（祈使句除外）：主语和谓语。除此之外，句子成分还有 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 语、宾语、定语、状语、补语、同位语和独立成分。矚慫润厲钐瘗睞枥庑赖賃軔。（一）主语1.Tomisthetallestboyinourclass.______________聞創沟燴鐺險爱氇谴净祸測。2.Theyareplayingfootball._______________3.Fiveaddedtoeightmakesthirteen._______________残骛楼諍锩瀨濟溆塹籟婭骒。4.Todothatisourjob._______________5.Smokingisbadforyourhealth._____________酽锕极額閉镇桧猪訣锥顧荭。6.Whetherhecomesornotisaquestion.________________彈贸摄尔霁毙攬砖卤庑诒尔。7.Theyoungshouldlookaftertheold._____________謀荞抟箧飆鐸怼类蒋薔點鉍。8.Theinjuredshouldbetakencareofhere.________________厦礴恳蹒骈時盡继價骚卺癩。9.Thelivingshouldcherishtheirlife.________________茕桢广鳓鯡选块网羈泪镀齐。从以上例句中,我们可以归纳出:主语通常由_____________________________________________等担任。（二）谓语a.谓语由动词或动词短语担任,具有各种时态、语态的变化。1.IwenttoParislastsummer.2.Ihavebeenwaitingforyouallmorning.3.Thechildrenwereplayinginthegarden.你能判断出以上句子中的谓语动词以及动词的时态吗？b.有些谓语是由“系动词+表语”构成。1.Thegirlfeltcold.2.Heisateacher.c.有些谓语由“情态动词+动词原形”构成。1.Wemustbecareful.2.CanyouspeakFrench?d.如果不及物动词作谓语，不可直接接宾语，但可加介词再跟宾语。1.Don’tcry!2.Listentomecarefully!（三）表语表语说明主语的性质、特征、状态或身份，位于系动词之后，与之构成系表结构。1.Mymotherisateacher.________________2.It’sme.________________3.Youlookbeautifulinred.________________鹅娅尽損鹌惨歷茏鴛賴縈诘。4.Ourclassisthefirstinthesportsmeeting._____________籟丛妈羥为贍偾蛏练淨槠挞。5.Theclassisover.______________6.Yourideasareoutofdatenow.______________預頌圣鉉儐歲龈讶骅籴買闥。7.Ourplanistomakehimasuperstar.______________渗釤呛俨匀谔鱉调硯錦鋇絨。8.Herhobbyispainting._____________9.Wearecompletelytiredafteraday’swork.____________铙誅卧泻噦圣骋贶頂廡缝勵。10.Myadviceisthatyoushoulddoexerciseseveryday.________擁締凤袜备訊顎轮烂蔷報赢。从以上例句中,我们可以归纳出:表语通常由_____________________________________________等担任。贓熱俣阃歲匱阊邺镓騷鯛汉。(四)宾语a.宾语放在及物动词的后面,表示动作的对象或 内容 财务内部控制制度的内容财务内部控制制度的内容人员招聘与配置的内容项目成本控制的内容消防安全演练内容 ,常由名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等担任。坛摶乡囂忏蒌鍥铃氈淚跻馱。1.Iloveourcountry.2.Iloveswimming.3.Isuggestweshouldfinishtheworkassoonaspossible.蜡變黲癟報伥铉锚鈰赘籜葦。4.Iwanttogoskating.5.Ifyouadd5to5,youget10.6.Wouldyoumindopeningthedoor?b.双宾语许多及物动词后可以有两个宾语(双宾语)：直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语表示动作的承受者，通常是物；间接宾语表示对谁或为谁做，通常是人。可以接双宾语的动词有：give、show、send、bring、lend、tell、return、teach、make、buy等。買鲷鴯譖昙膚遙闫撷凄届嬌。1.IlentTomabookyesterday.直接宾语是________________间接宾语是_________________=________________________________2.Kateboughtherfatherabirthdaygift.直接宾语是________________间接宾语是_________________=___________________________________c.介词宾语:除了动词有宾语以外,介词后也跟宾语。1.Shehastolookafterherlittlesister.2.Hewasinterestedincollectingstamps.(五)定语定语是修饰和限定名词或代词的词,表示被修饰词的所属、性质、数量等。定语一般位于所限度的词之前，其数和格必须与所限度的词相一致。綾镝鯛駕櫬鹕踪韦辚糴飙钪。1.Sheisaresponsiblegirl._________________驅踬髏彦浃绥譎饴憂锦諑琼。2.HisnameisLiLei.______________3.Wehavefourlessonsinthemorning._____________猫虿驢绘燈鮒诛髅貺庑献鵬。4.Everystudenthaspocketmoneynowadays.____________锹籁饗迳琐筆襖鸥娅薔嗚訝。5.Therearealotofthingstobedone._____________構氽頑黉碩饨荠龈话骛門戲。6.Thebookonthedeskismine._____________輒峄陽檉簖疖網儂號泶蛴镧。7.Lookatthemansittingontherock._______________尧侧閆繭絳闕绚勵蜆贅瀝纰。8.Wevisitedaretiredworker._______________识饒鎂錕缢灩筧嚌俨淒侬减。9.Theroomsabovearedecoratedwell._____________凍鈹鋨劳臘锴痫婦胫籴铍賄。10.Thecarthatisparkedoutsideismine._____________恥諤銪灭萦欢煬鞏鹜錦聰櫻。从以上例句中,我们可以归纳出:定语通常由_____________________________________________等担任。鯊腎鑰诎褳鉀沩懼統庫摇饬。（六）状语状语表示动作行为或状态发生的时间、地点、条件、目的、原因、结果、程度、方式、伴随、程度、让步、频率等，通常由副词、介词短语或相当于副词的词或短语等来表示。硕癘鄴颃诌攆檸攜驤蔹鸶胶。1.Heleftschoolin1995._____________2.Wewillmeetattheschoolgate.______________阌擻輳嬪諫迁择楨秘騖輛埙。3.Healwayswearsthatwhiteshirt.___________氬嚕躑竄贸恳彈瀘颔澩纷釓。4.Hestoodthere,sayingnothing.___________釷鹆資贏車贖孙滅獅赘慶獷。5.Shegoestoschoolbybus.____________6.ToimproveourEnglish,weshouldstudyharder.__________怂阐譜鯪迳導嘯畫長凉馴鸨。7.Ilikethefilmverymuch.___________8.Theycontinuedtoworkinspiteofthebadweather.__________谚辞調担鈧谄动禪泻類谨觋。9.Sheissocleverthatwealllikeher.___________嘰觐詿缧铴嗫偽純铪锩癱恳。注：若时间状语和地点状语修饰同一动词时，地点状语放在前面，时间状语放在后面。HewasborninBeijingin1986.熒绐譏钲鏌觶鷹緇機库圆鍰。如果有多个时间状语或地点状语修饰一个动词，则一般按照“由小到大”的顺序排列。HelivedinChengdu,SichuanProvince.鶼渍螻偉阅劍鲰腎邏蘞阕簣。（七）补语补语用来补充说明主语或宾语的特征、状态或身份，通常由形容词、名词、动词不定式、分词、副词、介词短语等担任。纣忧蔣氳頑莶驅藥悯骛覲僨。1.Pleasemakeyourselfathome.2.Pleasekeeptheroomcleanandtidy.3.Iwanttohavemyhaircut.4.Mymotheraskedmetofinishmyhomeworkfirst.主语补足语与宾语补足语如何转化？1.Someonecaughthimstealinginthestore._________________________________________2.Ifoundthefilminteresting._________________________________________（八）同位语同位语对前面的名词或代词做进一步的说明或解释，通常由名词、数词、代词或从句来充当。1.Thisismybrother,Tim.2.LuXunwasrespectedbyusChinese.3.Hetoldmethenewsthatourteamwon.(九)独立成分感叹词、呼语、插入语等在句中可作独立成分，用逗号与其他成分隔开。1.Oh,myGod.2.Goodmorning,sir!3.Theperformance,Ithink,wasveryinteresting.4.Totellyouthetruth,Idon’tlikeyouatall.二句子的种类句子可分为：陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。1.Heisastudent._____________2.Heisnotastudent.______________3.Canyouswim?_____________4.Whathaveyoudoneyesterday?_____________颖刍莖蛺饽亿顿裊赔泷涨负。5.Willyougotherebybusorbytrain?____________濫驂膽閉驟羥闈詔寢賻減栖。6.Thereislittlewaterinthebottle,isthere?_____________銚銻縵哜鳗鸿锓謎諏涼鏗穎。7.Don’ttouchme!____________8.Whatanicedayitis!=______________________(how)挤貼綬电麥结鈺贖哓类芈罷。三句子的结构之简单句简单句是只包含一个主谓结构的句子，它的主语可以是并列主语，谓语可以是并列谓语。由下面的例句 分析 定性数据统计分析pdf销售业绩分析模板建筑结构震害分析销售进度分析表京东商城竞争战略分析 出简单句的五种基本句型：1.Thegirlismyyoungersister.2.Thedishsmellsdelicious.3.Shebecameasinger.第一种基本句型__________________________________4.Thestudentsareswimming.5.Thebabycried.6.Classbegins.第二种基本句型__________________________________7.Theycanplaybasketball.8.Wehavejustseenthefilm.9.Heisdoinghishomework.第三种基本句型__________________________________10.Shegavemeabook.11.Heboughthisgirlfriendsomeflowers.第四种基本句型__________________________________12.HisfriendscallhimJim.13.Wefoundusinadarkroom.14.Ialwayskeepmyroomclean.第五种基本句型__________________________________现在，你能完全分析出句子的成分吗？1.Hedreamedasweetdreamlastnight.2.Whatmadeyousoangry?3.Themewsmadeussurprised.4.Thefoodtastesverydelicious.5.Myparentsboughtanewbikeforme.6.Thebestwayistoasktheteacher.PAGE/NUMPAGES