5991-0350EN Water brochure

Water Quality Applications THE MEASURE OF PURITY 2 Like you, Agilent is committed to ensuring the quality of our water supply Of all our planet’s natural resources, none is more essential to life than water. Unfortunately, this precious resource is both limited and in jeopardy. Clean water sources are running dry, chemical contamination threatens existing supplies, and emerging hazards are being recognized every year. From large cities to remote villages, the infrastructure needed to make water safe for human consumption – and transport it to where it’s needed – is either aging or nonexistent. To ensure the safety of this essential resource, and to protect human health, governments and private institutions are continuously monitoring and regulating the quality of our water. Agilent is helping to ensure the success of this effort by providing high-productivity, high-throughput tools to efficiently and reliably monitor water quality. With optimized solutions for organic and inorganic detection, the most sensitive detectors on the market, and strategies for minimizing matrix interference, Agilent helps you achieve the selectivity and low limits of detection (LOD) you need to confidently measure the chemical contaminants that threaten the global water supply. 3 For more than 40 years, Agilent has been helping our customers safeguard the world’s water supply by combining an expanded portfolio of analytical products with unrivaled leadership in water quality measurement. As water analysis needs change, we will continue to offer the most accurate, sensitive, and reliable solutions that ensure confidence in the quality of this valuable resource. Agilent’s water quality solutions extend across all chemical classes Learn more about Agilent water safety technologies and applications: agilent.com/chem/environmental Volatiles By adding new features to minimize cycle times and increase throughput, Agilent has enhanced the performance of our volatiles measurement products – boosting your productivity while retaining Agilent’s hallmark sensitivity and reliability. Semi Volatiles and Pesticides Our sensitive instruments for semi volatiles and pesticides measurement overcome the challenges of matrix interference, resulting in high-resolution measurements with low LOD. New Online SPE LC/MS/MS solutions can reduce sample prep time, while decreasing manual labor. Emerging Contaminants Agilent’s portfolio of LC/MS, GC/MS and ICP-MS products combine high sensitivity with rapid, reliable analysis of emerging contaminants for greater productivity. Inorganic and Elemental Enhancements to our inorganic product line have created a comprehensive portfolio for demanding measurements over a wide dynamic range – from parts-per-trillion to parts-per-hundred. Sample Preparation, Columns and Supplies Your best results start with Agilent sample preparation products for selective interference removal, and Agilent- engineered columns and supplies for speed, resolution, and sensitivity. Informatics Software and Services Unmatched expertise, informatics, and services support your water safety efforts. 4 8 12 16 20 26 4 Flexible solutions for sample introduction and detection High-capacity headspace sampling Agilent’s 7697A Headspace Sampler provides high sample capacity and built-in Electronic Pneumatic Control (EPC) to ensure superior performance over a wide concentration range. Its inert sample pathway prevents analyte degradation or loss, with sensitivities lower than U.S. EPA and EU directives. Analysis by headspace extraction is a direct approach for volatiles in water, because it transfers less water to the GC, has few parameters to adjust and is easy to implement. During headspace sampling, vials containing samples are heated (and may be treated with salt) to force volatile compounds into the headspace above the sample. The headspace is then sampled, and an aloquot is delivered to the GC via a loop. When used with Selected Ion Monitoring (SIM), headspace sampling can also achieve part-per-trillion levels of detection. Agilent’s 5977A Series GC/MSD with 7697A Headspace Sampler. Headspace sampling ensures an inert sample pathway for for superior GC/MSD performance without analyte degradation or loss. Volatiles Measurement Greater productivity, sensitivity, and reliability Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) enter our water supply in a number of ways. Industrial processes, biological contamination and water disinfection treatments all produce VOCs that can increase the risk of cancer, damage organs, and cause disease. In order to reduce the risks associated with these compounds, many governments closely regulate the amounts that are allowed in drinking water. Agilent provides the tools you need to monitor trace volatile materials in the environment. Our full range of automated sampling devices and traps lets you choose the most effective sampling method for your application – whether you need the simplicity and speed of static headspace sampling, the sensitivity of purge and trap sampling, or the convenience of solid phase micro-extraction (SPME) sampling. By combining robust instruments and columns with the latest features for minimizing cycle times and maximizing throughput, Agilent equips you for high-productivity measurement of VOCs in water – from regulated pollutants to hydrocarbons. 5 GC/MS analysis of tap water using the Agilent 7696A Headspace Sampler, followed by separation and detection with Agilent’s 7890B GC/5977A Series GC/MSD system In this example, the 5977A GC/MSD was operated in simultaneous SIM/SCAN mode with the trace ion detection mode switched on. The MSD was also equipped with the triple axis detector (TAD) and an extractor lens. This application meets European Union requirements for volatiles in water as outlined in 98/83/EC Directive. Calibration from 0.05-20 ppb showed excellent % RSDs and linearity for all analytes. Reproducibility of replicate injections resulted in instrument detection limits <0.10 ppb for all 60 compounds. Learn more about Agilent water safety technologies and applications: agilent.com/chem/environmental 5 cal levels Vinyl chloride overlay with TIC Cal curve and ISTDS0.10 ppb Vinyl chloride Agilent MassHunter Data Analysis Software - Vinyl Chloride calibration from 0.10-40 ppb. [5991-2108EN Environmental VOCs using Agilent Headspace sampler with 7890B GC/5977A GC/MSD] Agilent MassHunter 5977 data analysis - existing MSD Chemstation data analysis methods are easily converted to MassHunter methods. 6 Sensitive purge and trap autosampling Agilent distributes the following purge and trap instruments, which combine high-sensitivity VOC detection with low carryover – giving you ultimate confidence from sample to sample. • Teledyne Tekmar Stratum Purge and Trap Concentrator (PTC) – a sample preparation instrument that removes Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) from aqueous and solid samples using Helium or Nitrogen. • Teledyne Tekmar AQUATek 100 Autosampler – a Purge and Trap (P&T) autosampler that automates the sample preparation steps for P&T analysis of liquid samples. Ideal for samples such as drinking water and wastewater. • Teledyne Tekmar Atomx Automated VOC Sample Prep System – combines an autosampler and P&T into a single instrument for analyzing VOCs in soils and waters. This is the first and only system that employs a unique methanol extraction automation feature for high-level soils in accordance with U.S. EPA Method 5035. Optimized VOC analysis in drinking water using Purge and Trap The chromatogram on page 7 represents the analysis of volatiles in drinking water according to US EPA Method 524.2. The analytical system is the Teledyne Tekmar Atomx sample prep system interface to an Agilent 7890/5975C GC/MSD system. An Agilent VOC applications kit (p/n G7022A) was used to provide optimum method parameters and instrument conditions to ensure the best sensitivity, robustness, and stability while meeting all the required QA/QC of this EPA method. A calibration curve ranged from 0.25-50 µg/L routinely produced VOC average response factors less than 20% relative standard deviation (RSD). Atomx System and AQUATek 100 Autosampler with Stratum Purge & Trap Concentrator 7 Learn more about Agilent water safety technologies and applications: agilent.com/chem/environmental ×105 Ab un da nc e Time (min) 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00 9.00 10.00 11.00 12.00 13.00 14.00 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 19 18 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 71 70 6968 52 1.20 1.30 1.40 1.50 min Ab un da nc e 1.60 1.70 1.80 1.90 2.00 2.10 2.20 2.30 2.40 1 2 3 4 5 6 Total Ion Chromatogram (TIC) of Method 524.2 Initial Calibration standard. Inset: Extracted Ion Chromatogram of the gases. [5991-0896EN Optimized Volatile Organic Compound Analysis using Purge and Trap with the 5975C GC/MS] VOC TekLink software allows you to enter all analysis parameters; once activated, it continuously monitors the system to make sure operating limits are not exceeded. The software can also perform useful diagnostics, such as leak Schedule screen shows multiple methods, multiple internal standards, and various dilutions that can all be run on a single schedule. Schedules can be updated in real time. Status section shows the active mode, along with the time remaining for that mode. Zone section monitors actual values compared to method-driven set points. and benchmark tests for instrument validation. All instrument parameters, method scheduling and editing can be programmed. In addition, pre-developed methods are provided for easy startup with little or no modifi cations. An optional 21 CFR Part 11 data audit trail package is also available. 8 Semi Volatiles and Pesticides Measurement High performance with rugged dependability Semi volatile organic compounds and pesticides can remain in the environment for a long time, presenting a constant threat to our water supply. Like volatile organic compounds, semi volatiles and pesticides may cause long-term health effects, and are regulated pollutants. However, they can be tough to accurately quantify – especially when present in low concentrations. GC/MS solutions for pesticides Maintaining sensitivity and inertness in the face of matrix interference Agilent’s mass spectrometers are known for their robustness, as well as their sensitivity in the ppb and ppt range. In addition, Agilent gives you the advantage of these leading- edge technologies designed to eliminate matrix interference: • Deconvolution reporting software (DRS) reduces the impact of matrix interference through robust algorithms that deconvolute overlapping spectra, increasing the sensitivity of semi volatile and pesticide detection. • Retention time locking (RTL) software reproduces retention times within hundredths of a minute from one Agilent GC system to another. The benefits are twofold: increased throughput and greater confidence in your results. • Agilent’s multimode inlet (MMI) is a programmable temperature-vaporizing inlet that can increase signal-to- noise ratios in cold splitless mode. • Capillary flow technology (CFT) takes the complexity out of column backflushing for consistently high performance. Backflushing can significantly improve analytical results and increase sample throughput. • Flexible comprehensive MRM database reduces the time to create GC/QQQ pesticide methods. Contains MRM transitions and retention times for over 1,000 pesticides and pollutants. • Analyzer solutions are pre-configured and chemically tested, helping you accurately confirm target analytes in complex matrices. Triple quadrupole mass spectrometry drastically reduces or eliminates interferences that may reduce accuracy and negatively affect detection limits in traditional GC/MS SIM methods. Together, Agilent’s 5977A Series GC/MSD and 7693A Automatic Liquid Sampler quickly screen and quantitate large numbers of pesticides in a single analysis. Screening methods conform to the latest worldwide testing requirements. 9 Learn more about Agilent water safety technologies and applications: agilent.com/chem/environmental Agilent 7000 Series Triple Quadrupole GC/MS Perform sensitive, multiresidue analyses in complex matrices This 20-minute chromatogram demonstrates the separation of PAHs and PBDEs. Labeled analogues were used as internal standards for each compound of interest. This list shows eight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons identified by the EPA as possible human carcinogens; it also shows six PBDE compounds that are halogenated flame retardant chemicals. These compounds are used in products such as textiles, plastics, wire insulation, and automobiles. The EPA is concerned that certain PBDE congeners may be persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic to people and the environment. This screen capture of Agilent’s MassHunter Quantitative Software displays the batch table of the 26 samples analyzed in the sequence. Extracted ion chromatograms for PBDE 47 and its internal standard (13C PBDE 47) show a distinct peak above baseline, even at 2 ppt. The calibration curve of the PBDE 47 is displayed between 0-10 ppt. Detection limits were met for all compounds from 2 ppb to less than 0.5 ppt. The run took place in less than 20 minutes with simple liquid-liquid sample preparation (hexane extraction), no sample clean-up, no solvent switching and all 14 analytes present. [5991-0017EN Analyzing Wastewaters for PAHs and PBDEs using the Agilent 7000 Triple Quadrupole GC/MS.] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8, 9 10 12 11 13 14 1. Naphthalene 2. Anthracene 3. Fluoranthene 4. PBDE 28 5. PDBE 47 6. PDBE 100 7. PDBE 99 8. Benzo(b)fluoranthene 9. Benzo(k)fluoranthene 10. Benzo(a)pyrene 11. PDBE 154 12. PDBE 153 13. Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene 14. Benzo(g,h,i,)perylene 3.8 3.7 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.2 3.1 3 2.9 2.8 2.7 2.6 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.2 2.1 2 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 x105 Counts vs. Aquisition Time (min) 7 7.5 8 8.5 9 9.5 10. 10.5 11 11.5 12 12.5 13 13.5 14 14.5 15 15.5 16 16.5 17 17.5 18 18.5 naphthalene (2.0) anthracene (0.1) fl uoranthene (0.1) benzo(b)fl uoranthene (0.015) benzo(k)fl uoranthene (0.015) benzo(a)pyrene (0.05) indeno(123cd)pyrene (0.001) benzo(ghi)perylene (0.001) polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) 28 polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) 47 polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) 99 (0.0005) total polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) 100 polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) 153 polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) 154 Compounds: (Limit of Detection in µg/L) High-boiling molecules that flood out of the GC column at the end of the separation create special challenges for the ion source and mass analyzer. For complex matrices typically separated by GC/MS/MS, this concentration of high boilers can be a worst-case scenario. Agilent’s 7000B Triple Quadrupole GC/MS system is the only MS/MS analyzer designed to operate at temperatures as high as 200 ºC. Because the quadrupole can be kept at this high temperature, and at vacuum, it stays clean even with complex, high-boiling samples. This eliminates frequent, time-consuming maintenance and improves mass analyzer performance. In the example here, eight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and six Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) were extracted from wastewater with no clean-up, and analyzed on the Agilent 7000 Series Triple Quadrupole GC/MS. The desired detection was achieved with 25 µL injections using the Agilent MMI in solvent vent mode. Labeled analogues were used as internal standards for each compound of interest. 10 LC/MS solutions for pesticides Quantify trace-level herbicides in drinking water with the Agilent 1200 Infinity Series Online SPE Solution Whether you need to enrich your analytes, remove matrix components, or lower detection limits for trace-level water analysis, the modular design of the Agilent 1200 Infinity Series Online SPE Solution provides you with the flexibility to tailor your system to match virtually any analytical challenge. Agilent’s Online SPE Solution is based on the 1290 Infinity Flexible Cube coupled with a 6400 Series Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer. The flexible cube houses re-usable SPE cartridges and up to two valves. Valve heads are easy to mount on the valve drives thanks to Agilent’s Quick-Change valve technology. A built-in pump flushes the sample onto the cartridges. An extensive portfolio of valves makes it easy to customize your Online SPE system to fit your needs. Combine these kits with the SPE starter set for applications such as: • Direct injection • Multi-SPE • High volume injection, or • Flask sampling The high precision and accuracy of the Agilent 1200 Infinity Series Online SPE Solution could be demonstrated in the analysis of herbicides at trace levels down to 1 ppt (LOQ) in drinking water. Compound LOQ [ng/L] LOD [ng/L] Recovery [%] Atrazine desisopropyl 5 2.0 84.3 Carbendazim 1 0.5 88.8 Metamitron 5 2.0 87.8 Fenuron 2 1.0 96.1 Atrazine desethyl 5 2.0 92.2 Chloridazon 2 1.0 96.8 Carbetamide 2 1.0 98.5 Metoxuron 2 1.0 96.8 Monuron 2 1.0 97.0 Simazine 5 2.0 97.9 Cyanazine 5 2.0 92.0 Methabenzthiazuron 1 0.5 95.5 Chlorotoluron 1 0.5 94.9 Desmetryn 1 0.5 95.6 Atrazine 2 1.0 96.9 Isoproturon 1 0.5 98.0 Diuron 2 1.0 82.1 Monolinuron 5 2.0 92.3 Propazine 2 1.0 94.6 Linuron 5 2.0 87.1 Terbuthylazine 1 0.5 100.9 Chloroxuron 1 0.5 105.5 Irgarol 1051 1 0.5 89.8 Pormetryn 1 2.0 94.3 Difl ubenzuron 5 2.0 78.0 Terbutryn 1 0.5 97.4 Trietazine 5 2.0 97.3 Performance data of all herbicides, showing limits of quantification (LOQ, S/N = 10), limits of detection (LOD, S/N = 3) and recovery in a spiked water sample [5991-1738EN Quantification of trace-level herbicides in drinking water by online enrichment with the Agilent 1200 Infinity Series Online SPE Solution and Triple Quadrupole MS Detection]. ×103 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 Acquisition time (min) C ou nt s 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 MRM chromatograms for a calibration standard with a concentration of 100 ppt (ng/L) each for herbicides measured by an Online SPE LC dynamic MRM method with quantifier and qualifier ions. Agilent 1200 Infinity Series Online SPE Solution 11 Agilent’s Pesticide Triggered MRM (tMRM) LC/MS Application Kit is truly unique, because much of the development work has already been completed. The kit features easy-to-use examples that demonstrate how to set up screening methods and quickly adapt them to your specific needs. It also includes: • A tMRM database and library for more than 700 pesticides that includes compound names, up to 10 MRM transitions, fragmentor voltages, collision energies, and the ability to add retention times for each database compound for reliable pesticide screening with tMRM library verification. • Pretested analysis methods, using the tMRM database, are provided for target screening of pesticides that are routinely monitored around the world. Total ion MRM chromatogram of 0.5 μg/L standard of Acidic Herbicides. [5990-4864EN Determination of Acidic Herbicides Using an Agilent 6460 Triple Quadrupole LC/MS Equipped with Agilent Jet Stream Technology and Direct Aqueous Injection, for Potable and Environmental Samples.] Learn more about Agilent water safety technologies and applications: agilent.com/chem/environmental 12 Emerging Contaminants Measurement Sensitive detection and identification for