海明威英文简介

nullErnest Hemingway (July 21, 1899 – July 2, 1961) Ernest Hemingway (July 21, 1899 – July 2, 1961) Childhood:Childhood:*the second child, and first son ; *raised in Oak Park, Illinois, a suburb of Chicago ； *father — a successful physician，love fishing and hunting; *mother — a music teacher； *music lessons were useful in his writing and a lifelong passion for outdoor adventure and for living in remote or isolated areas；School Life:School Life:*attended Oak Park and River Forest High School and excelled both academically and athletically; *first writing experience was for the school's newspaper and yearbook; Hemingway at the time of his graduation from high school, 1917After High School:After High School:*worked as a reporter for The Kansas City Star( 堪萨斯《星报》) before World War I for only six months ; World WarⅠ:World WarⅠ:*joined the Red Cross Ambulance Corps(红十字会战场服务队); *on July 8, 1918, wounded but carried an Italian soldier to safety, received the Italian Silver Medal of Bravery; *when in the hospital, met and fell in love with Agnes, a Red Cross nurse but rejected; Journalist & Writing:Journalist & Writing:*began as a freelancer(自由职业)and foreign correspondent for the Toronto Star Weekly; *also worked as an associate editor of the Co-operative Commonwealth, a monthly journal; *met Hadley Richardson, the first wife,and married in 1921; Hadley RichardsonLife in Paris(1921-1928):Life in Paris(1921-1928):*settled in Paris and covered the Greco-Turkish War for the Toronto Star; *made friends with James Joyce, F. Scott Fitzgerald ; *His marriage to Hadley broke up as he was working on The Sun Also Rises because of his affair with Pauline Pfeiffer, divorced in January 1927 and married Pauline Pfeiffer, second wife, in May. The 2nd wifeLife in Key West:Life in Key West:*In 1928，they moved to Key West, Florida, to begin their new life together; *his father committed suicide; *During the early 1930s Hemingway were busy with hunting, fishing, bullfighting, traveling and writing; Hemingway houseSpanish Civil War:Spanish Civil War:*in 1937 he reported on the war for the North American Newspaper Alliance (NANA) *he used this experience in Spain as the background for For Whom the Bell Tolls ; After the war, Hemingway divorced with Pauline and married Martha Gellhorn, his third wife in 1940 and wrote the famous novel, For Whom the Bell Tolls, which was nominated for a Pulitzer Prize； World War II:World War II:*in Europe from June to Dec. 1944 ; *involved in the war activities as a war correspondent and in 1947 awarded a Bronze Star for his bravery during WW II; *He left Martha in 1945 when preparing to return to Cuba and meanwhile, he had asked Mary Welsh, Time magazine correspondent, to marry him on their third meeting;Later years:Later years:* had a series of accidents and health problems after the war ; *When he traveled to the site of WW I and began to work on Across the River and Into the Trees(《过河入林》); *The next year wrote Old Man and the Sea "the best I can write ever for all of my life“ and won the Pulitzer Prize in May 1952 and In October 1954 received the Nobel Prize in Literature; “因为他精通于叙事艺术，突出地表现在其近著《老人与海》之中；同时也因为他对当代 文体风格之影响” Suicide:Suicide:Discouraged by a troubled family background, illness and the belief that he was losing his gift for writing, he "quite deliberately" shot himself with his favorite shotgun in the early morning hours of July 2, 1961; nullHemmingway’s Works Hemmingway’s Works ～(￣▽￣～)(～￣▽￣)～ Novels Novels The Torrents of Spring (1925) 《春潮》 The Sun Also Rises (1926) 《太阳照常升起》 A Farewell to Arms (1929) 《永别了，武器》 To Have and Have Not (1937) 《富有与贫穷》 For Whom the Bell Tolls (1940) 《丧钟为谁而鸣》 Across the River and Into the Trees (1950) 《过河入林》 The Old Man and the Sea (1952) 《老人与海》nullThe Sun Also Rises(1926) -- In this novel, Hemingway presents his notion that the "Lost Generation", considered to have been decadent, dissolute and irretrievably damaged by World War I, was resilient and strong. A Farewell to Arms(1929) -- based on his war experience in Italy, a love tragedy in the War, the lovers called “modern Romeo and Juliet”, firmly established his reputation For Whom the Bell Tolls(1940) --Based on his experience as a journalist in Spain during its civil war, anti-FascismThe Old Man and the SeaThe Old Man and the SeaThe Old Man and the Sea is a novel written by Hemingway in 1951 in Cuba, and published in 1952. It was the last major work of fiction to be produced by Hemingway and published in his lifetime. One of his most famous works, it centers upon Santiago, an aging fisherman who struggles with a giant marlin far out in the Gulf Stream. The Old Man and the Sea was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1953 and was cited by the Nobel Committee as contributing to the awarding of the Nobel Prize in Literature to Hemingway in 1954.Nonfiction Nonfiction Death in the Afternoon (1932) 《午后之死》 Green Hills of Africa (1935) 《非洲的青山》 Death in the Afternoon is a non-fiction book by Hemingway about the ceremony and traditions of Spanish bullfighting. It was originally published in 1932. The book provides a look at the history and what Hemingway considers the magnificence of bullfighting. It also contains a deeper contemplation on the nature of fear and courage.Green Hills of Africa is a 1935 work of nonfiction written by Hemingway. It is his second work of nonfiction, Green Hills of Africa is an account of a month on safari he and his wife, Pauline Marie Pfeiffer, took in East Africa during December 1933. Green Hills of Africa is divided into four parts: Pursuit and Conversation, Pursuit Remembered, Pursuit and Failure, and Pursuit as Happiness, each of which plays a different role in the story.Short Stories collectionShort Stories collectionThree Stories and Ten Poems (1923)《三个 故事 滥竽充数故事班主任管理故事5分钟二年级语文看图讲故事传统美德小故事50字120个国学经典故事ppt 和十首诗》 Cat in the Rain (1925) 《雨中的猫》 In Our Time (1925) 《在我们的时代里》 Men Without Women (1927)《没有女人的男人》 The Snows of Kilimanjaro (1932)《乞力马扎罗的雪》 Winner Take Nothing (1933)《胜者一无所获》 The Fifth Column and the First Forty-Nine Stories (1938)《第五纵队与49个故事》Posthumous worksPosthumous worksThese literary works were published after Hemingway's death. (1964) A Moveable Feast (1969) The Fifth Column and Four Stories of the Spanish Civil War (1970) Islands in the Stream (1972) The Nick Adams Stories (1985) The Dangerous Summer (1986) The Garden of Eden (1987) The Complete Short Stories Of Ernest Hemingway (1999) True at First LightnullHemingway’s Style direct, terse, and often monotonousHemingway’s Style direct, terse, and often monotonousThe use of short, simple and conventional words and sentences has an effect of clearness, terseness and great care. Hemingway’s language Style *Deceptively simple *Understatement and omission (see Iceberg Theory) *Repetition *Focus on facts “Find what gave you the emotion; what the action was that gave you the excitement. Then write it down making it clear so the reader will see it too and have the same feeling as you had.”Hemingway’s language Style null*Few adjectives or adverbs, few conventional emotive language, few authorial comments *Simple ,short ,conventional words and sentences *Concise, vivid He noted that, “a writer’s style should be direct and personal, his imagery rich and earthy, and his words simple and vigorous. The greatest writers have the gift of brevity, are hard workers, diligent scholars and competent stylists”1.The Hemingway Code Hero 1.The Hemingway Code Hero The phrase, Hemingway code hero originated with scholar Philip Young. He uses it to describe a Hemingway character who lives correctly, following certain principles of honor, courage, and endurance which in a life of tension and pain make a man a man. Self-disciplined Knowledgeable Skillful Poised Honest Courageous Persistent Stoic “Grace under pressure” is their motto “Grace under pressure” is their motto Whatever is the result is, they are ready to live with grace under pressure. No matter how tragic the ending is, they will never be defeated. Finally, they will prevail because of their indestructible spirit and courage. They hide a sensitive heart under a tough exteriornull Typical traits for the Code Hero:1.The Hemingway hero is not a thinker, he is a man of action.  But his actions are based upon a concept of life. 2. “Grace under pressure” is their motto 3.The Hemingway code heroes are best remembered for their indestructible spirit. “A man can be destroyed but not defeated.” ----From The Old Man and the Sea Maintaining free-will and individualism, never weakly allowing commitment to a single woman or social convention to prevent adventure, travel, and acts of bravery. 5.Admitting the truth of Nada 3.the iceberg theory, sometime referred to as "theory of omission." 3.the iceberg theory, sometime referred to as "theory of omission." Hemingway believed that a good writer did not need to reveal every detail of a character or action. “The dignity of movement of an ice-berg is due to only one-eighth of it being above water.” In his writing the facts float above water; the supporting structure and symbolism operate out-of-sight. null1932年，海明威在他的纪实性作品《午后之死》中，第一次把文学创作比做漂浮在大洋上的冰山，他说：“冰山运动之雄伟壮观，是因为他只有八分之一在水面上。” 简洁的文字、鲜明的形象、丰富的情感和深刻的思想是构成”冰山原则”的四个基本要素。具体地说，文字和形象是所谓的“八分之一”，而情感和思想是所谓的“八分之七”。 nullIf a writer of prose knows enough of what he is writing about he may omit things that he knows and the reader, if the writer is writing truly enough, will have a feeling of those things as strongly as though the writer had stated them. “如果一位作家对于他想写的东西心里很有数，那么他可能省略他所知道的东西，读者呢，只要作家写得真实，会强烈的感觉到他所省略的地方，好象作者写出来似的。”显而易见，作家在这里强调的是省略，主张水面下的的“八分之七”应该留给读者去感受。 Hemingway's Iceberg Theory Hemingway's Iceberg Theory “I always try to write on the principle of the iceberg. There is seven-eights of it under water for every part that shows. Anything you know you can eliminate and it only strengthens your iceberg. It is the part that doesn’t show.” “I sometimes think that my style is suggestive rather than direct. The reader must often use his imagination or lose the most subtle part of my thoughts.” “If a writer of prose knows enough about what he is writing about ,he may omit things that he knows and the reader, if the writer is writing truly enough, will have a feeling of those things as strongly as though the writer had stated them. The dignity of movement of an iceberg is due to only one-eighth of it being above water.” ---- Hemingwaynull