科技英语翻译练习

nullnullnull例如： 例1. The testing of machines by this method entails some loss of power. 译文∶用这种方法测试机器会浪费一定的能量。 例2. Today the electronic computer is widely used in solving mathematical problems having to do with weather forecasting and putting satellites into orbit. 译文：当今，电子计算机广泛应用于解决一些数学问题，这些问题与天气预报和把卫星送入轨道有关。 null例3. Non-mobile robots, capable of leaning to perform an industrial task and then of being left to perform it tirelessly, are even now in use in industrial plants all over the world. 译文：能学会做工作，并能孜孜不倦地工作，但不能行走的机器人，目前在世界各地的工厂里都得了应用。 null例4. In photography’s pioneer days, setting for a portrait called for extreme patience. Making a daguerreotype（银板照相法） in 1837 require a fifteen-minute exposure. The subject’s head was put in a clamp to hold it still. 译文：在摄影术刚出现的日子里，坐着照一张相必须有极度的耐心。1837年时用银板照相法拍一张相片需要曝光15分钟。必须用一个大夹子将拍照人的头固定住。（冯庆华，2002：596） null例5. For units smaller than a meter the decimal system is applied so that the meter is divided into decimeters (dm), centimeters (cm), millimeters (mm), etc., which makes measuring really simple. Moreover,1000 meters makes one kilometers (km), the unit available for measuring long distances. 译文：对小于米的单位，十进制是这样应用的：米被分成分米（dm）、厘米（cm）、毫米（mm)等等，使测量变得非常简单。此外，1000米合成一公里（km），作为用来测量长距离的单位。null以上篇章中共出现了四个句子，其中前三个句子采用了被动语态（算上第三句中的which引导的非限定性定于从句）。在翻译成汉语时需要作必要的调整，一般情况下要用主动语态结构进行翻译。该译文如下： 译文：互联网有很多传输环节，其中干线部分早就采用了高速光纤数据传输，例如海底光缆和高速卫星数据传输系统。现在的瓶颈常常是在用户端，即网民进入因特网入口端，也就是说“最后一英里”。所以宽带接入系统一时成为人们关注的商机。 目前，中国的宽带接入技术主要有四种。一是有线电话的同轴电缆光纤混合网技术，二是利用传统电话线不对称数字用户环路技术，三是小区以太技术，四是直接卫星连接技术。 null例7. Most nontechies know Wi-Fi from airports, cafes and fast-food chains that offer wireless Net access to lure customers and get them to stay awhile. Streams of data also pervade the stadium, the result of the magic of wireless internet access, or Wi-Fi. ——Newsweek 显然，“Wi-Fi”一词是类比合成的一个新词。它模仿着“hi-fi”（High-fidelity“高保真”）和“sci-fi”（scientific fiction “科幻小说”）构词形式创造出来的。该词目前还没有被收入相关词典内，所以要结合上下文和文章的主题进行查找和推断，由此可以发现“Wi-Fi”就是指“wireless internet access”可以翻译成“无线网接入”。 null译文：大部分的场外观众是通过机场、咖啡店、快餐连锁店了解到“无线网接入”（Wi-Fi）这一形式的，这些场所常常提供“无线网接入”设施吸引顾客多停留一会儿。蜂拥而来的大量资料数据也充斥整个运动场，这就是“无线网入”，也就是Wi-Fi的神奇效果。null例8： Underground Test in U.S. NEW YORK，Thurs，AP—A nuclear device as powerful as 90,000 tons of TNT was detonated a mile beneath the Colorado Rokies today in an experiment aimed at loosening vast stores of natural gas. The explosion of the device’s three 30-kiloton atomic mechanism went smoothly. It was the largest nuclear blast so far in the Atomic Energy Commission project to stimulate massive stores of natural gas locked in rock formations. The AEC said only background levels of radiation normally found in the environment was recorded at a monitoring station at the blast site. nullThe blast shock the ground at an observation area 11 miles from the site and the street light going 90 miles away in Montrose, Colorado. Residents of Rifle, about 30 miles from the site of the detonation(爆炸), said they felt nothing. The AFC had predicted that the building in the town would shake. The National Earthquake Centre180 mile away at Boulder recorded the blast 40 seconds after it was set off. Center spokesman Jim Lander said seismographs （地震仪）recorded the jolt at 5.3 on the Richter Scale, which has no top limit. Mr. Lander said the tremor （震动）would be classed as a “locally severe earthquake which would cause damage.” null这是美联社的一篇报道，所报道的是美国威开发天然气进行的一次地下核试验，虽然它应用有关核爆炸、炸药、地震等科技词汇，但并没有讲述冗长深奥的专业理论，所用词汇大都是一般性的，句子结构简单，表达通俗易懂，流畅明晰。因此在译成汉语时要做到与之风格相符合。 译文：【美联社纽约星期四电】今天，在科罗拉多基山区地下一英里处，爆炸了个能量为九万吨的三硝基甲苯的核装置。这是一次以释放储量丰富的天然气为目的的试验。该装置三个三万吨级原子结构的爆炸进行顺利。到目前为止，这是原子能委员会开发出藏在岩层中大量天然气工程的一次大的核爆炸。原子能委员会说，爆炸现场监测记录到的只是当地环境所常有的基本辐射强度。null这次爆炸震动了离现场11英里处观察区的地面和90英里外科罗拉多州蒙特罗斯城街灯。距爆炸现场大约30英里的莱福镇居民说，他们毫无感觉。原子能委员会预计该镇的建筑物会发生震动。180英里外的布尔德国家地震中心四十秒后记录到这次爆炸。该中心发言人金·兰德说，地震仪记录的震动强度为理氏5.3级，这种震动没有强度极限。兰德先生说，可能该震动列为“有破坏性的局部严重地震”的类别。 （陈新，2005：248） null例9. 装入干电池 装用一个R03（AAA号）电池，须对准﹢、﹣电极符号。 更换电池 当声音失真时，即请更换电池。 电池寿命 使用一个锰电池，大约23小时。（EIJ32欧） 干电池须知： ◆必须确认﹢、﹣电极符号是否准确。 ◆切勿试图给电池充电、加热或加以分解。 ◆不用电池时，请把它卸下以免不必要的消耗。 ◆电池如果发生漏液，即请把周围擦拭干净，然后取出。 null译文： To insert dry cell battery Insert an R03 (size AAA) battery with the + and ﹣marks properly aligned. Battery replacement Replace the battery when the sound becomes distorted. Battery life Using an R03 manganese battery, approx. 23 hours. (EIAJ32 ohms) Note on dry cell battery null◆Make sure that the + and ﹣marks are correctly aligned. ◆Never recharge the battery, apply heat to it or take it apart. ◆When not using the battery, remove it to prevent needless wear. ◆if liquid leaks from the battery, wipe thoroughly to remove.null适当调整语序。 科技篇章一般大都是进行理论阐述、观点论证、试验设计、数据分析等，所以英语语序比汉语与需多用“归纳——演绎模式，如：因果关系，条件关系，说明——让步关系，结论——陈述关系等；而汉语则往往按照事理的发展顺序和逻辑关系进行阐述，两种语言的篇章语序结构形成较大的差异。因此，在翻译时要充分考虑到这一点，以顺应译文读者的思维习惯和阅读心理，有利于读者的理解和接受。例如下面的英译汉就是充分说明了这一点。 例10．Fatigue failure of structural components of an aircraft of fail-safe design is quite acceptable, providing it does not occur often enough to endanger the aircraft, reduce its service life, or reduce its utilization and economy by excessive maintenance. null显然，原文中采用的是结果——条件模式进行阐述。那么，在汉语译文中则要运用条件——结果的模式进行传递，以符合汉语读者的理解与接受习惯。 译文： 对于飞机自动预防故障装置的设计，只要其结构部件疲劳状态不至于危及飞机安全、缩短飞行寿命或因维修过多导致使用率和经济效益降低，那么，一般的部件疲劳时可以承受的。（范武邱，2001：81，参见贾文波，2004：229）  null（3）长句拆分翻译。 科技文本结构严谨、逻辑性强，信息含量高，所以在理论阐述，观点论证，操作说明、结论归纳等方面多用长句和复合句。这一点在英语科技篇章中尤为突出。因此在译成汉语时，为了表达通顺和意义明确，需要将长句分开来翻译，同时将把信息量大、结构复杂的句子按照事理逻辑发展的关系拆分开来翻译。 例11．Wind tunnel and other research simulating a wide range of track conditions convinced DB that in most weather conditions no difficulties would be experienced in running an ICF2 on NBS track at up to the designed top speed of 280km/h, which its aerodynamically-shaped driving trailer leading. null这是一句典型的英语长句，结构紧凑，信息量大，句法成分复杂。如果不进行拆译和做适当的调整，就必然导致译文冗长累赘、层次不清。请比较下面两个译文： 译文a：模拟各种不同路轨条件的风洞和其他试验使德国联邦铁路局深信在大部分气候条件下流线型的配有动力挂车做前导的ICE2型城际快车，以每小时高达280公里的最高设计时速行驶不会有任何困难。（贾文波，2004：226） 译文b：模拟各种不同路轨条件的风洞和其他试验使德国联邦铁路局深信，在大部分气候条件下，在NBS线路上，配有动力挂车做前导的流线型ICE2型城际列车， 以每小时高达280公里的最高时速行驶不会有任何困难。（同上） null从以上两个译文的句子结构安排来看，译文10b要比译文10a更符合汉语的表达习惯，而且意义表达也比较清楚明晰。显然，将科技英语篇章中的长句或复合句进行拆分并根据汉语的表达习惯进行翻译是一种有效的方法和技巧。 思考与练习 思考与练习 （一） 译文优劣辨析 Extra privacy could be obtained by engaging a “drawing-room” at the end of the car, which would accommodate up to three, but at a higher supplement. In these cars it was also necessary to use common wash-rooms at the car end. 译文：车厢尽头设有专供私用的高级卧车包厢，里面可容纳三人，但要另计收费。这类车厢还在尽头设有公共洗手间，可供乘客使用。 nullMaglev’s uniqueness necessitates careful consideration in the development of the operating expense model. Not only does the technology depart from the steel-wheel-on-steel-rail norm of the other options, but also no example of revenue intercity corridor service yet exists anywhere in the world. 译文：磁浮列车的独特性务必在 规划 污水管网监理规划下载职业规划大学生职业规划个人职业规划职业规划论文 运营费用模式时予以认真考虑。不仅它的技术规范有别于其他“轮轨”式运营模式，而且世界上至今尚无一条城际磁浮路线运营盈利先例。null将拨出专款支持这些属于五个高科技领域的项目——即新材料机械电子学，电子信息，生物技术，新能源和节能技术。 译文：A special fund will be set aside to support these products which fall within five hi-tech spheres new materials mechatronice, electronic information, biotechnology, new energy resources and energy conservation. null超导的研究是个重大的突破。我们认为，该项研究成果是成功的和令人鼓舞的。日本东京大学高木俊宜教授认为是成功的和令人鼓舞的；美国普林斯顿大学摩根索教授也认为这项成功的研究是令人鼓舞的。   译文: The research on superconductivity is an important breakthrough and we think this is successful and encouraging. Our opinion is shared by Professor Tashinori Takagi from Tokyo University and Professor Morgenhau of Princeton University, USA. null（二）翻译练习 （1） Theory of Heat Treatment of metals Aptly titled, this text concentrates on the physical metallurgy of heat treatment, whereas most physically metallurgy texts are not directed specifically at heat treatment phenomena, even in part, this complete text is devoted solely to the topic. The industrialist will be disappointed that many aspects of heat treatment, such as atmosphere production and control, and properties of quenchants, are missing. Indeed, gas carburizing is dismissed in less than 2 pages, but principles of annealing, hardening and tempering, and age-hardening are adequately covered. nullIn view of the low price, this text may well be worth acquiring by those closely concerned with industrial heat treatment practice who lack an adequate physical metallurgy textbook. The omissions and, to a lesser extent, the obvious problems involved in translating from Russian should be born in mind. 金属热处理理论 这本教科书书名贴切，集中介绍了热处理物理冶金学。大多数物理冶金学教材没有专门阐述热处理现象，甚至连部分阐述也没有，而这本完整的教科书专门论述了这一课题，企业家们会感到失望的是，热处理的许多方面，例如气氛的产生和控制，以及淬火剂的性能等，均未列入。气体渗碳仅占两页不道德篇幅，但是对退火、淬火和回火以及时效硬化等方面的原理都作了充分的讨论。由于本书价格低廉，很值得那些与工业热处理技术密切相关而又缺少适合物理冶金学教科书的人员购买。缺漏的内容以及次要一些的俄文翻译过程中出现的明显问题是本书的不足，请见谅为盼。 null(2) Telephones，TV parts, the computer mouse at your fingertips, parts inside a PC, and other everyday products are made with plastics using a process called injection molding. A Lehigh University professor has developed a simple, software-directed devices that vibrates molten plastic in an injection mold to produce stronger plastic products that are environmentally beneficial. Injection molding involves injecting molten plastic into a mold. Only a small amount of recycled plastic is used in this process, says John Coulter, Lehigh associate professor of mechanical engineering and mechanics, because recycled plastic is poor in quality and would reduce the product’s strength. Coulter’s vibration-assisted process enable manufacturers to recycle once-useless and environmentally unfriendly plastic, and still produce stronger products than those produced using new plastic that is not vibrated. null（2）近在手边的电话、电视及零部件、计算机鼠标、个人计算机内部元件及其他日常用品都是以塑料为材料，通过塑料注射成型法制成。美国利哈伊大学的一位教授新近研制出一种靠程序软件控制的渐变装置。它能使使注射模具里的熔融塑料振动，从而产生出强度更高的环保塑料制品。 塑料注射成型法要求把熔融塑料注入模具。哈里以大学机械工程和机械学副教授约翰•库尔特说，该法只能利用极少量的再生塑料，因为再生塑料质量差，会降低产品的强度。库尔特的振动辅助技术不仅能使制造商回首那些无用而且有害环境的塑料，而且还使产品比以新塑料为原料但不使用振动技术生产出来的还要结实。）null 蚯蚓 蚯蚓（earthworm）是一种有益的动物。在地面上它是其它动物的食物。在地下，它为田野和花园制造肥沃的土壤。 蚯蚓能挖洞，而洞穴能使土壤疏松，因而使空气和水更容易达到植物的根部。这些洞穴还有利于土壤的排水。 蚯蚓把枯萎的树叶、草和花瓣拖进洞穴中。当这些植物垃圾腐烂以后，就使土壤肥沃。 蚯蚓对制造优良的表层土壤所起到的作用是其它任何动物都比不上的。据估计，五万条蚯蚓一年内能在一英亩的土地上制造大约十八吨优良土壤。 The Earthworm The earthworm is a useful animal. On the ground it is food for other animals. Under the ground, it makes rich soil for fields and gardens. Earthworms dig tunnels that loosen the soil and make it for air and water to reach the roots of plants. These tunnels help keep the soil well drained. Earthworms drag withered leaves, grass and flowers into their burrows. When this plant litter decays, it makes the soil more fertile. No other animal is so useful in building up good topsoil. It is estimated that in one year fifty thousand earthworms carry about eighteen tons of fine soil to the surface of an acre of land.null电熨斗注意事项 • 熨斗接通电源后，切勿离开。 • 注水时不要让水溢出，最大容量约为200毫升。 • 注水时一定要切断（ unplug）电源。 • 如果熨斗损坏或电源线裂损（frayed） ，停止使用。 • 勿将熨斗浸入（immerse）水或其他液体中。 • 待熨斗冷却后再收起。 • 不要让熨斗压住电源线。 • 不要让人或动物靠近。 null（2） Safety Precaution • Never leave your iron unattended when connected to the supply. • Do not overfill with water, maximum capacity is approximately 200ml. • Always unplug before filling with water. • Never use your iron if it is damaged or the supply cord is frayed. • Never immerse in water or other liquids. • Allow to cool before storing. • Never place iron on supply cord. • Keep children and pets at a safe distance. Thank you!Thank you!