除氧器说明书

上海动力设备有限公司 Operating instructions feed-water deaerator DS60602除氧器说明 书 关于书的成语关于读书的排比句社区图书漂流公约怎么写关于读书的小报汉书pdf Page 1 Importance of the manual 前言 This manual contains useful and important information for proper operation and maintenance of this product. It also contains important instructions to prevent accidents and serious damage before commissioning and during operation of the product, and to enable trouble-free operation in the safest possible way. Before you start using the product, read this manual carefully, familiarize yourself with the functioning and operation of the product and strictly follow the instructions. 本手册包括了本产品运行维护的重要信息。本手册给出了设备在启动前及运行中 防止事故及损伤的重要说明，使设备能在避免故障的情况下最安全的运行。 The information contained in this manual is based on the latest information. It is provided subject to alterations. 本手册包含了最新的修改内容。 上海动力设备有限公司 Operating instructions feed-water deaerator DS60602除氧器说明书 Page 2 Contents 目录 0 Specifications 参数说明 1 General technical description 总述 2 Prescription for transport , hoisting and erection 安装运输说明 3 Commissioning and Operating instructions 启动及运行说明 4 Allowable temperature rise and water capacity at start-up 启动时的允许温升和水容积 5 Cautions and items requiring special attention 特别注意事项 6 Preservation of the feed water deaerator 除氧器的保养 7 Operating instructions sprayer 喷嘴操作说明 Enclosures 图 A Graph: Allowable temperature rise and Filling rate A 图:允许温升和注水速率 B Sketch of safety device (balance line steam inlet) B 图:进气草图（平衡蒸汽进口） C Explanation of level differences C 图:液位差异注释 D Outline drawing deaerator nr. DS60602 D 图:除氧器外形图 E Outline drawing disc sprayer no. 11948 E 图:喷嘴外形图 F Schematic design of Blow-off piping F 图:排气示意图 附件： SHIPPING, HANDLING AND STORAGE INSTR. FOR DEAERATOR 除氧器包装运输储存说明 上海动力设备有限公司 Operating instructions feed-water deaerator DS60602除氧器说明书 Page 3 0 Specifications 参数说明 Deaerator for Nayong2 Power Plant Working pressure : 0.986 Mpa 工作压力 Design pressure : 1.26 MPa 设计压力 Working temperature : 359 °C 工作温度 Design temperature : 360 °C 设计温度 Gross contents : 230 m3 总 容 积 Net contents : 160 m3 有效容积 Weight (empty) : 76330 tons (approx) 净 重 Inside diameter : 4000 mm 内 径 Total length : 19056 mm 总 长 Drawing No. :DS60601 图纸编号 上海动力设备有限公司 Operating instructions feed-water deaerator DS60602除氧器说明书 Page 4 1 General technical description 总述 The feedwater deaerator is designed to extract oxygen out of the feedwater by using steam. Extracting oxygen is of essential need in systems where water is used. Small amounts of oxygen cause great corrosive activity in the system. Condensate is put into the deaerator trough a sprayer and at the same time steam is injected under the water level. 除氧器是采用加热蒸汽将给水中的氧除去的设备。在系统的给水中除去氧是非常 必要的，在系统中少量的氧会造成巨大的氧腐蚀。凝结水由喷嘴进入除氧器，同 时加热蒸汽由除氧器水面下引入。 The sprayer and the internal steam rake are specially designed to de-aerate the condensate. The deaerator is at the same time used as a mixer / preheater. 喷嘴和加热蒸汽管是用来除氧的主要设备，除氧器同时也是起了混合式加热器的 作用。 Construction 结构： The deaerator is made of Carbon-Steel and it consists of a cylindrical shell provided with two dished ends. 除氧器由碳钢筒体和两只碳钢封头组成。 The interior consists of a steam-charging device which is placed under water level. Two manhole is provided to allow inspection of the deaerator. 除氧器内部水面以下布置了加热蒸汽管。除氧器提供两只供检修用的人孔。 Safety device preventing water return flowing into the steam supply-pipe to the deaerator (Steam balance line / nozzle ..) 用户应设置防止水倒灌的安全装置至除氧器的加热蒸汽管中（蒸汽平衡管线）。 To prevent a possible water flow up into the steam supply-pipe, a non-return valve has been planned on the steam supply-line. See enclosure B 为防止可能的水流入加热蒸汽管中，在至加热蒸汽管的蒸汽平衡管线中需设置逆 止阀（见图 B）。 I enclosure B a balanced conduit with a non-return valve (1) must be mounted over the feedwater deaerator. 如图 B 中，在除氧器的蒸汽平衡管线中设置一个逆止阀。 If the pressure of the heating steam (2) for any reason would suddenly fall, the pressure in the steam supply-line to the deaerator will do likewise. 上海动力设备有限公司 Operating instructions feed-water deaerator DS60602除氧器说明书 Page 5 在某些情况下，加热蒸汽的压力突降，会引起除氧器加热蒸汽管中的压力突降。 Because the pressure in the deaerator will be maintained for a short period of time, the non- return valve will open. 由于除氧器中的压力会维持短暂的高压，此时逆止阀将动作打开。 Consequently, the steam pressure in the steam supply-line will have the same value as the pressure existing in the deaerator. 因此在加热蒸汽管中蒸汽压力值会与除氧器中的压力值保持平衡一致。 This pressure equalisation prevents the water from flowing in the opposite direction. 这种压力平衡防止了水向相反方向流动。 Caution : Pay attention that the non return valve is working in the correct direction ! 注意： 注意逆止阀安装在正确的方向。 上海动力设备有限公司 Operating instructions feed-water deaerator DS60602除氧器说明书 Page 6 2 Prescription for transport and erection 安装运输说明 The deaerator normally will be lifted by two lugs around the shell. The position of each lug must be as near to the supports as possible. 除氧器一般用两个围绕壳体的吊点起吊，每个吊点应尽量靠近支座处。 When steel lugs are used there has to be handled with especially care and protecting materials must be placed between the lugs and shell to prevent damaging the shell (paint). 当使用吊点起吊时，在吊点与筒体处应有相应措施，防止对筒体油漆的损伤。 It is not allowed to lift the deaerator by using the nozzles as hoisting lugs. 禁止使用接管作为吊点 Be careful during lifting that no nozzles, supports etc. will be damaged by unexpected movements, crashes or such like. 如没有接管支座等支点，起吊时应注意防止设备滑动损伤等。 For good operating the deaerator must be placed true horizontal. 设备应水平布置，以取得良好的除氧效果。 The deaerator must be stress free connected on the supporting structure or foundation bolts. 支座结构及基础螺栓安装完成后，应释放应力。 When the deaerator is placed outdoor action must be taken for wind loads to be designed in the supporting structure of the building. 当除氧器室外布置时，厂房基础支撑设计应考虑风载。 It is necessary to insulate the deaerator before use. 在设备使用前应有保温设施。 上海动力设备有限公司 Operating instructions feed-water deaerator DS60602除氧器说明书 Page 7 3 Operating and commissioning instructions 启动及运行说明 1 Before proceeding to the commissioning of the feed system and the feedwater deaerator, all flange connections of the various fittings and accessories are to be properly secured. 在给水系统及除氧器启动前，应检查所有附件及管件法兰的正确安装。 WARNING 警告： First ventilate the deaerator for a while before entering in case of inside preservation by use of chemical reaction. This is done by using silica gel in bags, this bags must be removed before commissioning the deaerator. Next, check that the inside of the deaerator is free from all stray nuts, bolts, tools, etc. The deaerator must be perfectly clean and all bolts firmly secured against backing off and loosening. 如设备采用化学手段防腐，在投运前除氧器应先通风排气一段时间。用袋装防腐 剂时，在启动除氧器前应将其去除。然后，检查除氧器内是否有遗漏的工具，如 螺母、螺栓等，并清除。除氧器启动前应先清洗，将紧固件上紧。 2 Make sure that the sliding support enables free expansion of the deaerator during operation. 确认滑动支座在除氧器正常运行中能自由膨胀。 3 All apparatus to the feedwater deaerator (valves, sight glass cocks, etc.) should be in perfect condition and be in the right position (open or shut) while the connecting lines and pipes to and from the deaerator are to be in good working order and perfectly cleaned, and stress free connected to the deaerator. 除氧器上的所有附件（阀、夸克等），应正确安装，并处于正确的开关状态， 所有进出除氧器的管路都应清洗干净，并无应力集中。 4 The H.W.L., N.W.L. and L.W.L. levels (High-, Normal-, Low Water Level) in the deaerator See enclosure C 高水位、正常水位和低水位（高、正常、低水位）见图 C。 5 The condensate sprayer is to be incorporated AFTER flushing the whole system. 喷嘴应在冲洗完整个系统后安装。 6 Before starting the warming-up of the deaerator, make sure the whole condensate system is filled with water and no air is left behind in this piping up to and incl. the sprayer. The system must be filled carefully. This has to be done to prevent the sprayer from being damaged by water hammer. 在暖机开始前，确信整个凝结水系统充满水，在管路及喷嘴中没有残余的空 气。系统冲水应仔细进行，这样做是为了防止喷嘴遭水击。 上海动力设备有限公司 Operating instructions feed-water deaerator DS60602除氧器说明书 Page 8 7 Orifice plates (throttle plates) for deaerating (venting) to be mounted, see item 5.7 of this manual. The deaerating vent valves are open all the way. 除氧器的排气孔板可根据手册 5.7 条进行安装。除氧器的排气阀应一直打开。 The points 8, 9 and 10 and chapter 4 are only to be used when the deaerator will be cold started with the use of steam trough the internal steam device of the deaerator. 以下 8、9、10 点及段落 4 仅适用于冷启动时，蒸汽通过除氧器内部加热管的 方式。 8 The feed water deaerator is filled with water at starting position to 25 % water from N.W.L. which is approx 35 M3 . 开始状态，给水冲入除氧器至 25%正常容积处，约 35m3 See enclosure A 见图 A。 9 Now the warming-up of the deaerator can be started. This is done by controlling the valve in the steam supply-line. The allowable temperature rise (min. and max.) is shown on enclosed diagram. 现在除氧器暖机开始，这个过程通过控制加热蒸汽管道中的控制阀来实现，允 许的温度上升速度（最大及最小）显示在图 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 上。 10 When the deaerator has reached the required temperature and pressure, further filling of the deaerator may start by opening the condensate supply valve slowly. Boiler Feed Water (BFW) can be extracted from the deaerator during this filling period although it is of course necessary that the feed flow is greater than the BFW flow at the outlet. Assuming the extraction of BFW is not started before the water level has reached Normal Water Level (NWL). 当除氧器达到所需要的温度及压力，进一步向除氧器注水应通过缓慢开启凝结 水供应阀进行。锅炉给水在上水阶段可以从除氧器中抽出，但必须使上水速度 远大于给水抽出速度。在水箱水位未上升至水箱正常水位前不要抽出给水给锅 炉。见图 A。图 A 显示了给水启动阶段水位升至正常运行状态的过程。 See enclosure A 见图 A Enclosure A shows the increase of the water level during the time from start-up until normal operation. 图 A 显示了给水启动阶段水位升至正常运行状态的过程。 上海动力设备有限公司 Operating instructions feed-water deaerator DS60602除氧器说明书 Page 9 4 Allowable temperature rise and filling rate at start-up 启动阶段允许的温升速率及注水速率 Starting the deaerator in general takes place in three stages: 通常除氧器启动需 3 个过程： 1 Filling the deaerator with35 m3. 向除氧器注水至 35 m3。 2 Raising temperature and pressure in the deaerator 升温升压。 3 Further filling of the deaerator to normal water level (NWL) 进一步向除氧器注水至正常水位。 See enclosure A 见图 A。 Diagrams on enclosure A present areas in which the deaerator should be operated during the start-up. These diagrams are directly related to each other. 在启动阶段的操作过程请参见图 A 部分，这些图表相互关联。 4.1 Filling to the starting level 上水至启动水位线 Before operating the deaerator, it has to be filled with 35 m3 water the temperature is assumed to be 20 °C. 在除氧器投入运行前，向除氧器注入 200C 冷水之 35m3容积。 4.2 Raising temperature and pressure 温度及压力提升 4.2.1 Graph: Allowable Temperature Rise 图：允许温升率 Explanation of the graph - water temperature / time - 水温—时间图表解释 Two curves, have been incorporated in this graph. ( solid line ) 图中两根曲线互相联系（实线） One Curve shows the temperature rise at the max. allowable steam velocity during warming-up (80 m/s =13.3 kg/s). 一根曲线显示在暖机阶段在最大允许蒸汽流速（80m/s=13.3kg/s）下的温升率 上海动力设备有限公司 Operating instructions feed-water deaerator DS60602除氧器说明书 Page 10 Second Curve shows the temperature rise at the min. allowable steam velocity during warming- up (20 m/s = 3.3 kg/s). 另一根曲线显示在暖机阶段在最小允许蒸汽流速（20m/s=3.3kg/s）下的温升 率 The minimum and maximum heat up time are respectively 60 and 241 minutes (approx.). Condensate will be warmed up from 20 °C to 104. °C. 最小及最大所需加热时间分别为 60 和 241 分钟（大约），凝结水由 200C 加热 到 1040C。 In practice the temperature rise will start and end somewhere between the two curves. 实际使用中温升率应控制在两根曲线的中间。 The slope of this practice curve may nowhere intersect the two curves. Only in that case the velocity in the charging tubes will nowhere be greater than the maximum value or smaller than the minimum value during warming-up. 在实际运行中的曲线斜度应两根曲线相交，只有在这种情况下，加人管中的流速 才能大于在设备暖机时所需的最大及最小值。 4.2.2 Graph: Filling rate 图：注水速率 Explanation of the graph - water capacity / time – ( dashed line ) 水容器—时间（虚线）图表解释 This graph shows how the water volume increases with the time. One Curve corresponds to the temperature / time graph (max. velocity). In this trajectory the water volume will increase, because steam is being supplied to heat up the available water from 20°C to 104 °C. In this trajectory the water volume will be greater because: 该图显示的水容积随时间的增长率一根虚线对应于最大流速时温度—时间曲线。 沿着该曲线，水容积将增加，因为蒸汽被用于加热适当的水由 200C 至 1040C， 沿该虚线，水容积将更大，因为： a condensate is being introduced across the sprayer and 凝结水由喷嘴进入， b steam is at the same time supplied to maintain the water temperature at 104 °C. 蒸汽同时通入以维持水温 1040C， The pressure in the deaerator changes in case the amount of condensate supplied is not in relation to the amount of supplied steam. In case the pressure in the deaerator threatens to drop, the supply of condensate has to be reduced. 如果加热的凝结水量没有相对应的加热蒸汽量，将引起除氧器内的压力变化，如 上海动力设备有限公司 Operating instructions feed-water deaerator DS60602除氧器说明书 Page 11 果除氧器内的压力突然下降，那么相应凝结水量也应减少。 If the pressure increases, then the steam supply has to be decreased. In the trajectory the water volume remains constant because the water outlet is opened. 如果除氧器内压力上升，那么相应蒸汽供应量应减少，在曲线中水的容积仍是个 常数，因为出水口是开的。 Second Curve (min. velocity) proceeds likewise, but it will take more time before the sprayer is opened , since heating up will take more time because of the lower flow velocity in the charging tubes. This causes this curve to shift to the right as compared with the other curve. 第二根曲线（最小流速时）也是同样的过程，但该过程在喷嘴打开前需要更多的 时间，因为加热蒸汽管在低流速情况下加热给水需要更多时间。与另一曲线相比 该过程导致该曲线飘至曲线右侧。 4.3 Filling to NWL 注水至正常水位 After heating up to operation temperature and pressure the deaerator can, while remaining temperature and pressure, be filled up to NWL by using the sprayer. 当加热至运行温度及压力后，在保持该压力温度情况下，除氧器用喷嘴注水至正 常水位， The amount of condensate that is supplied by the sprayer, depends on the amount of available steam. 通过喷嘴的凝结水量应与所需的蒸汽量相对应。 Assuming the velocity is 50 m/s then the amount of steam is 8.36 kg/s. 假设流速为 50m/s 则所需蒸汽量为 8.36kg/s The amount of condensate going through the sprayer then is 31.4 kg/s (30 °C) 通过喷嘴的凝结水量为 31.4kg/s（300C 时） 上海动力设备有限公司 Operating instructions feed-water deaerator DS60602除氧器说明书 Page 12 5 Cautions and items requiring special attention 特别注意项目 1 Do not put the condensate sprayer into use without having ascertained that there is no air left in the supply piping and that the piping is only filled with condensate. This is to prevent water-hammer which can damage the sprayer 在喷嘴投入使用前，应确认管路中没有空气而只有充满了凝结水，这样可防止 水击造成喷嘴损坏。 Point 2 and 3 are only for cold start with steam in steam device of deaerator 第二及第三点用于用蒸汽加热的冷态启动中。 2 Do not heat up the deaerator at a lower pace than indicated in the enclosure A. Stay within the given section. Whit in this area the steam velocities will be kept under control for a good starting of the deaerator 除氧器启动的速率不要低于 A 图所示，在给定的区域内，蒸汽速度控制在范围 内，可以获得良好的启动效果。 3 Never start-up a deaerator at a higher starting level than 35 m3. When the amount of condensate is more than the indicated level it is impossible to get and keep the deaerator at the right temperature and pressure, this gives a very unsteady start. 除氧器启动不要在水位低于 35m3时启动，当凝结水位超过了规定值启动，就 无法使除氧器达到正确的温度和压力，这就引起不稳定的启动。 4 Never take the sprayer into full operation at once. Especially when during starting there is the danger of a rapid falling of the pressure when not enough steam is available. If the pressure remains constant it is allowed to gently increase the capacity of the sprayer. 不要将喷嘴一下全开状态，特别在机组启动状态，当没有足够的气源时，压力 有迅速下跌的危险。如果压力维持在常数，允许缓慢增加喷嘴流量。 5 To keep the deaerator as warm as possible (at a warm stop) it is recommended to close the valves of the venting of the deaerator. Beware of occurring under pressure (vacuum) in the deaerator after some time. 为了保持除氧器内的温度足够（在暖机状态），建议关闭除氧器的排气阀，注 意在有些时间，除氧器会承受真空外压作用。 6 When the deaeration is under control and oxygen results are satisfied, it could be possible to 上海动力设备有限公司 Operating instructions feed-water deaerator DS60602除氧器说明书 Page 13 control vent valves, so the steam losses can be kept to a minimum. 当除氧器达到控制值，含氧量合格后，可以调节排气阀，使蒸汽损失降至最 低。 7 Together with the deaerator, throttle plates are delivered one for each vent valve. (on both sides of the sprayer). It is necessary to mount these throttle plates between the vent-valve and the counter flange, see drwg. on enclosure F and outline drw. deaerator, enclosure D. On this enclosure also dimension are given for a drain - and blow off pipe which can be constructed in this way. 除氧器的每个排气阀带有一只节流孔板（每只喷嘴的两侧）。在排气阀和反法 兰之间必须安装节流孔板，如图 F 和 D 所示，在图中给出了疏水孔和排气管的 具体尺寸。 8 During stand-by period the deaerator can kept warm by use of steam brought-in via the steam charging device . Minimum velocity of the steam at inlet nozzle is 15 m/s. This is to prevent shaking/vibrating of the deaerator because water is inside the internal steam device when steam is added. 在待机状态，除氧器可以通过加热管进行加热保温。在进口处的最小速度为 15m/s，这样可以防止振动，因为当蒸汽加热时，水在加热管内。 A stand-by period here means: keeping the deaerator in overpressure condition so no oxygen comes in. 待机状态即指保持除氧器在带压状态，以防氧进入。 Note: in case vents are closed and deaerator cools down from >100°C to below 100°C under pressure will occur by condensing steam. 注：在排气口关闭状态下，除氧器内温度由>1000C 降至 1000C 以下。由于蒸 汽凝结，会产生低压状况。 9 When the deaerator needs internal inspection, be sure the deaerator is empty, and at ambiant temperature before you open the manhole to enter the deaerator. 当除氧器需要内部检查时，应确认除氧器已排空，且已达到室温，再打开人孔 进入。 上海动力设备有限公司 Operating instructions feed-water deaerator DS60602除氧器说明书 Page 14 6 Preservation of the feedwater deaerator 除氧器的保养 When the feed water deaerator is put out of service for some time, it has to be conserved to prevent the material from being attacked. The deaerator to be conserved must be properly isolated, either by providing blind flanges in the common piping (feed, steam, blow-down, etc.) or by locking in closed position at least 2 stop valves in each of the connecting piping. 当除氧器不用时，应防止受损。除氧器应隔离开，在通用管路上应设置法兰盖 （给水、蒸汽、排气等）或在每个连接管上设