ASTM_A307

Designation: A 307 – 00 Standard Specification for Carbon Steel Bolts and Studs, 60 000 PSI Tensile Strength1 This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 307; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval. This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense. 1. Scope * 1.1 This specification2 covers the chemical and mechanical requirements of three grades of carbon steel bolts and studs in sizes 1⁄4in. (6.35 mm) through 4 in. (104 mm). The fasteners are designated by “Grade” denoting tensile strength and intended use, as follows: Grade Description Grade A Bolts and studs having a minimum tensile strength of 60 ksi (414 MPa) and in- tended for general applica- tions, Grade B Bolts and studs having a tensile strength of 60 to 100 ksi (414 to 690 MPa) and intended for flanged joints in piping systems with cast iron flanges, and Grade C Nonheaded anchor bolts, either bent or straight, hav- ing properties conforming to Specification A 36 (tensile strength of 58 to 80 ksi (400 to 550 MPa)) and intended for structural anchorage pur- poses. 1.1.1 The term studs includes stud stock, sometimes re- ferred to as threaded rod. 1.2 This specification does not cover requirements for machine screws, thread cutting/forming screws, mechanical expansion anchors or similar externally threaded fasteners. 1.3 Suitable nuts are covered in Specification A 563. Unless otherwise specified, the grade and style of nut for each grade of fastener, of all surface finishes, shall be as follows: Fastener Grade and Size Nut Grade and StyleA A, C, 1⁄4 to 11⁄2in. A, hex A, C, over 11⁄2 to 4 in. A, heavy hex B, 1⁄4 to 4 in. A, heavy hex A Nuts of other grades and styles having specified proof load stresses (Speci- fication A 563, Table 3) greater than the specified grade and style of nut are also suitable. 1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.5 Supplementary Requirement S1 of an optional nature is provided, which describes additional restrictions to be applied when bolts are to be welded. It shall apply only when specified in the inquiry, order, and contract. 2. Referenced Documents 2.1 ASTM Standards: A 36/A 36M Specification for Carbon Structural Steel3 A 153 Specification for Zinc Coating (Hot-Dip) on Iron and Steel Hardware4 A 370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products5 A 563 Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Nuts6 A 706/A706M Specification for Low-Alloy Steel Deformed Bars for Concrete Reinforcement3 A 751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemical Analysis of Steel Products5 B 695 Specification for Coatings of Zinc Mechanically Deposited on Iron and Steel7 D 3951 Practice for Commercial Packaging8 F 606 Test Methods for Determining the Mechanical Prop- erties of Externally and Internally Threaded Fasteners, Washers, and Rivets6 F 1470 Guide for Fastener Sampling for Specified Mechani- cal Properties and Performance Inspection6 2.2 ANSI/ASME Standards: B 1.1 Unified Screw Threads9 B 18.2.1 Square and Hex Bolts and Screws9 1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F16 on Fasteners and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F16.02 on Steel Bolts, Nuts, Rivets, and Washers. Current edition approved May 10, 2000. Published July 2000. Originally published as A 307 – 47 T. Last previous edition A 307 – 97. 2 For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specifi- cation SA-307 in Section II of that Code. 3 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.04. 4 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.06. 5 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.03. 6 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.08. 7 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 02.05. 8 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.09. 9 Available from American National Standards Institute, 11 West 42nd St., 13th Floor, New York, NY 10036. 1 *A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard. Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States. B 18.24.1 Part Identifying Number (PIN) Code System10 2.3 Military Standard: MIL-STD 105 Single Sampling Plan for Normal Inspec- tion11 3. Ordering Information 3.1 Orders for externally threaded fasteners (including nuts and accessories) under this specification shall include the following: 3.1.1 ASTM designation and year of issue, 3.1.2 Name of product, bolts or studs; and bolt head style, that is, hex or heavy hex, 3.1.3 Grade, that is, A, or B, or C. If no grade is specified, Grade A is furnished. 3.1.4 Quantities (number of pieces by size including nuts), 3.1.5 Fastener size and length, 3.1.6 Washers—Quantity and size (separate from bolts), 3.1.7 Zinc Coating—Specify the zinc-coating process re- quired for example, hot-dip, mechanically deposited or no preference (see 4.5). 3.1.8 Other Finishes—Specify other protective finish, if required. 3.1.9 Specify if inspection at point of manufacture is re- quired, 3.1.10 Specify if certified test report is required (see 8.2), and 3.1.11 Specify additional testing (8.3) or special require- ments. 3.1.12 For establishment of a part identifying system, see ASME B18.24.1. 4. Materials and Manufacture 4.1 Steel for bolts and studs shall be made by the open- hearth, basic-oxygen, or electric-furnace process. 4.2 Bolts shall be produced by hot or cold forging of the heads or machining from bar stock. 4.3 Heat Treatment: 4.3.1 Cold headed fasteners with head configurations other than hex shall be stress relief annealed. 4.3.2 Stress relieving of hex head fasteners shall be at the manufacturer’s option. 4.4 Bolt and stud threads shall be rolled or cut. 4.5 Zinc Coatings, Hot-Dip and Mechanically Deposited: 4.5.1 When zinc-coated fasteners are required, the pur- chaser shall specify the zinc-coating process, for example hot dip, mechanically deposited, or no preference. 4.5.2 When hot-dip is specified, the fasteners shall be zinc-coated by the hot-dip process in accordance with the requirements of Class C of Specification A 153. 4.5.3 When mechanically deposited is specified, the fasten- ers shall be zinc-coated by the mechanical-deposition process in accordance with the requirements of Class 50 of Specifica- tion B 695. 4.5.4 When no preference is specified, the supplier may furnish either a hot-dip zinc coating in accordance with Specification A 153, Class C or a mechanically deposited zinc coating in accordance with Specification B 695, Class 50. Threaded components (bolts and nuts) shall be coated by the same zinc-coating process and the supplier’s option is limited to one process per item with no mixed processes in a lot. 5. Chemical Composition 5.1 Grade A and B bolts and studs shall have a heat analysis conforming to the requirements specified in Table 1 based on the steel producer’s heat analysis. 5.2 The purchaser shall have the option of conducting product analyses on finished bolts in each lot, which shall conform to the product analysis specified in Table 1. 5.3 In case of conflict or for referee purposes, the product analysis shall take precedence. 5.4 Bolts and studs are customarily furnished from stock, in which case individual heats of steel cannot be identified. 5.5 Application of heats of steel to which bismuth, sele- nium, tellurium, or lead has been intentionally added shall not be permitted for Grade B bolts and studs. 5.6 Chemical analyses shall be performed in accordance with Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology A 751. 6. Mechanical Properties 6.1 Grades A and B bolts and studs shall conform to the hardness specified in Table 2. 6.2 Grade A and B bolts and studs 1½ in. in diameter or less, other than those excepted in 6.4, shall be tested full size and shall conform to the requirements for tensile strength specified in Table 3. 6.3 Grade A and B bolts and studs larger than 1½ in. in diameter, other than those excepted in 6.4, shall preferably be tested full size and when equipment of sufficient capacity is available and shall conform to the requirements for tensile strength specified in Table 3. When equipment of sufficient capacity for full-size bolt testing is not available, or when the length of the bolt makes full-size testing impractical, machined specimens shall be tested and shall conform to the require- ments specified in Table 4. 6.4 Grades A and B bolts and studs less than three diameters in length or bolts with drilled or undersize heads are not subject to tensile tests. 6.5 Grade C nonheaded anchor bolts shall be tested using machined specimens and shall conform to the tensile properties specified for bars in Specification A 36. Properties are shown in Table 4 for information. In the event of conflict Specification A 36 shall control. 10 Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Three Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016–5990. 11 Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS. TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements for Grades A and B Bolts and Studs Heat Analysis Product Analysis Carbon, max 0.29 0.33 Manganese, max 0.90 0.93 Phosphorus, max 0.04 0.041 Sulfur, max Grade A 0.15 A Grade B 0.05 0.051 A Resulfurized steel is not subject to rejection based on product analysis for sulfur. A 307 2 6.6 In the event that bolts are tested by both full size and by machine test specimen methods, the full-size test shall govern if a controversy between the two methods exists. 6.7 For bolts and studs on which both hardness and tension tests are performed, acceptance based on tensile requirements shall take precedence in the event that there is controversy over low readings of hardness tests. 7. Dimensions 7.1 Unless otherwise specified, threads shall be the Coarse Thread Series as specified in the latest issue of ANSI/ASME B1.1, and shall have a Class 2A tolerance. 7.2 Unless otherwise specified, Grade A bolts shall be hex bolts with dimensions as given in the latest issue of ANSI/ ASME B18.2.1. Unless otherwise specified, Grade B bolts shall be heavy hex bolts with dimensions as given in the latest issue of ANSI/ASME B18.2.1. 7.3 Unless otherwise specified, bolts and studs to be used with nuts or tapped holes which have been tapped oversize, in accordance with Specification A 563, shall have Class 2A threads before hot-dip or mechanically deposited zinc coating. After zinc coating the maximum limit of pitch and major diameter shall not exceed the Class 2A maximum limit by more than the following amounts: Diameter, in. Oversize Limit, in. (mm)A ¼ 0.016 5 / 16 , " 0.017 7 / 16 , ½ 0.018 9 / 16 to ¾ incl 0.020 $ 0.022 1.0 to 1¼ incl 0.024 1", 1½ 0.027 1¾ to 4.0 incl 0.050 A These values are the same as the overtapping required for zinc-coated nuts in Specification A 563. 7.4 The gaging limit for bolts and studs shall be verified during manufacture or use by assembly of a nut tapped as nearly as practical to the amount oversize shown above. In case of dispute, a calibrated thread ring gage of that same size (Class X tolerance, gage tolerance plus) shall be used. Assem- bly of the gage, or the nut described above, must be possible with hand effort following application of light machine oil to prevent galling and damage to the gage. These inspections, when performed to resolve disputes, shall be performed at the frequency and quality described in Table 5. 8. Number of Tests and Retests 8.1 The requirements of this specification shall be met in TABLE 2 Hardness Requirements for Bolts and Studs Grade Length, in. 0 HardnessA Brinell Rockwell B min max min max A Less than 3 3 diaB 121 241 69 100 3 3 dia and longer . . . 241 . . . 100 B Less than 3 3 diaB 121 212 69 95 3 3 dia and longer . . . 212 . . . 95 C All No hardness required A As measured anywhere on the surface or through the cross section. B Also bolts with drilled or undersize heads. These sizes and bolts with modified heads shall meet the minimum and maximum hardness as hardness is the only requirement. TABLE 3 Tensile Requirements for Full-Size Bolts and Studs Bolt Size, in. Threads per inch Stress Area,A in.2 Tensile Strength, lbfB Grade A, minC Grade B minD maxD 1⁄4 20 0.0318 1 900 1 900 3 180 5⁄16 18 0.0524 3 100 3 100 5 240 3⁄8 16 0.0775 4 650 4 650 7 750 7⁄16 14 0.1063 6 350 6 350 10 630 1⁄2 13 0.1419 8 500 8 500 14 190 9⁄16 12 0.182 11 000 11 000 18 200 5⁄8 11 0.226 13 550 13 550 22 600 3⁄4 10 0.334 20 050 20 050 33 400 7⁄8 9 0.462 27 700 27 700 46 200 1 8 0.606 36 350 36 350 60 600 11⁄8 7 0.763 45 800 45 800 76 300 11⁄4 7 0.969 58 150 58 150 96 900 13⁄8 6 1.155 69 300 69 300 115 500 11⁄2 6 1.405 84 300 84 300 140 500 13⁄4 5 1.90 114 000 114 000 190 000 2 4½ 2.50 150 000 150 000 250 000 21⁄4 4½ 3.25 195 000 195 000 325 000 21⁄2 4 4.00 240 000 240 000 400 000 23⁄4 4 4.93 295 800 295 800 493 000 3 4 5.97 358 200 358 200 597 000 31⁄4 4 7.10 426 000 426 000 710 000 31⁄2 4 8.33 499 800 499 800 833 000 33⁄4 4 9.66 579 600 579 600 966 000 4 4 11.08 664 800 664 800 1 108 000 A Area calculated from the equation: As5 0.7854 [D − (0.9743/n)]2 where: As 5 stress area, D 5 nominal diameter of bolt, and n 5 threads per inch. B 1 lbf 5 4.448 N. C Based on 60 ksi (414 MPa). D Based on 60–100 ksi (414–690 MPa). TABLE 4 Tensile Requirements for Machined Specimens Grade A Grade B Grade C Tensile strength, ksi (MPa) 60 (415) min 60–100 (415–690) 58–80 (400–550) Yield point, min ksi (MPa) . . . . . . 36 (50) Elongation in 2 in. (50 mm), min, % 18 18 23 TABLE 5 Sample Sizes and Acceptance Numbers for Inspection of Hot-Dip or Mechanically Deposited Zinc-Coated Threads Lot Size Sample SizeA,B Acceptance NumberA 2 to 90 13 1 91 to 150 20 2 151 to 280 32 3 281 to 500 50 5 501 to 1 200 80 7 1 201 to 3 200 125 10 3 201 to 10 000 200 14 10 001 and over 315 21 A Sample sizes of acceptance numbers are extracted from “Single Sampling Plan for Normal Inspection,” Table IIA, MIL-STD-105. B Inspect all bolts in the lot if the lot size is less than the sample size. A 307 3 continuous mass production for stock, and the manufacturer shall make sample inspections to ensure that the product conforms to the specified requirements. Additional tests of individual shipments of material are not ordinarily contem- plated. Individual heats of steel are not identified in the finished product. 8.2 When specified in the order, the manufacturer shall furnish a test report certified to be the last completed set of mechanical tests for each stock size in each shipment. 8.3 When additional tests are specified on the purchase order, a lot, for purposes of selecting test samples, shall consist of all material offered for inspection at one time that has the following common characteristics: 8.3.1 One type of item, 8.3.2 One nominal size, and 8.3.3 One nominal length of bolts and studs. 8.4 From each lot, the number of tests for each requirement shall be as follows: Number of Pieces in Lot Number of Samples 800 and under 1 801 to 8 000 2 8 001 to 22 000 3 Over 22 000 5 8.5 If any machined test specimen shows defective machin- ing it shall be discarded and another specimen substituted. 8.6 Should any sample fail to meet the requirements of a specified test, double the number of samples from the same lot shall be tested, in which case all of the additional samples shall meet the specification. 9. Test Methods 9.1 Grades A and B bolts and studs shall be tested in accordance with Test Methods F 606. 9.2 Grade C nonheaded anchor bolts shall have machined specimen tension tests made on the bolt body or on the bar stock used for making the anchor bolts. Tests on finished anchor bolts shall be made in accordance with Test Methods F 606 and tests on bar stock in accordance with Specification A 36 and Test Methods A 370. 9.3 Standard square and hex head bolts only shall be tested by the wedge tension method except as noted in 6.4. Fracture shall be in the body or threads of the bolt without any fracture at the junction of the head and body. Other headed bolts shall be tested by the axial tension method. 9.4 Speed of testing as determined with a free running crosshead shall be a maximum of 1 in. (25.4 mm)/min for the tensile strength tests of bolts. 10. Inspection 10.1 If the inspection described in 10.2 is required by the purchaser it shall be specified in the inquiry, order, or contract. 10.2 The inspector representing the purchaser shall have free entry to all parts of the manufacturer’s works that concern the manufacture of the material ordered. The manufacturer shall afford the inspector all reasonable facilities to satisfy him that the material is being furnished in accordance with this specification. All tests and inspections required by the specifi- cation that are requested by the purchaser’s representative shall be made before shipment, and shall be conducted as not to interfere unnecessarily with the operation of the works. 11. Responsibility 11.1 The party responsible for the fastener shall be the organization that supplies the fastener to the purchaser and certifies that the fastener was manufactured, sampled, tested and inspected in accordance with this specification and meets all of its requirements. 12. Rejection and Rehearing 12.1 Disposition of nonconforming lots shall be in accor- dance with Guide F 1470, specifically sections on disposition of nonconforming lots, suppliers option, and purchasers option. 13. Product Marking 13.1 Grades A and B Bolts and Studs: 13.1.1 Bolt heads and one end of studs shall be marked with a unique identifier by the manufacturer to identify the manu- facturer or private label distributor, as appropriate. Additional marking required by the manufacturer for his own use shall be at the option of the manufacturer. 13.1.2 In addition to the requirements of 13.1, all bolt heads, one end of studs " in. and larger, and whenever feasible studs less than " in. shall be marked with a grade marking as follows: Grade Marking A B 307A 307B 13.1.3 All markings shall be located on the top of the bolt head or stud end and shall be raised or depressed at the option of the manufacturer. 13.2 Grade C Anchor Bolts: 13.2.1 The end of Grade C anchor bolts intended to project from the concrete shall be color coded green. 13.2.2 When permanent marking of manufacturer’s identi- fication and grade identification is required, Supplementary Requirements S2 and S3 shall be specified. 13.3 Grade and manufacturer’s or private label distributor’s identification shall be separate and distinct. The two identifi- cations shall preferably be in different locations and, when on the same level, shall be separated by at least two spaces. 14. Packaging and Package Marking 14.1 Packaging: 14.1.1 Unless otherwise specified, packaging shall be in accordance with Practice D 3951. 14.1.2 When special packaging requirements are required, they shall be defined at the time of the inquiry and order. 14.2 Package Marking: 14.2.1 Each shipping unit shall include or be plainly marked with the following information: 14.2.1.1 ASTM designation and grade, 14.2.1.2 Size, 14.2.1.3 Name and brand or trademark of the manufacturer, 14.2.1.4 Number of pieces, 14.2.1.5 Purchase order number, 14.2.1.6 Country of origin. 15. Keywords 15.1 bolts; carbon steel; steel; studs A 307 4 SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS The following supplementary requirement shall apply only when specified in the purchase order or contract: S1. Bolts Suitable for Welding S1.1 The material described in this section is intended for welding. This supplemental section, by additional ch