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Mingging InterpretationOn December 28, 2001, President Jiang Zemin of the PRC and Premier Zhu Rongji of the state council of PRC wrote to the president and the secretary general of the Bureau International des Expositions (BIE) respectively. Jiang stated in the letter, “with great ...

Mingging Interpretation
On December 28, 2001, President Jiang Zemin of the PRC and Premier Zhu Rongji of the state council of PRC wrote to the president and the secretary general of the Bureau International des Expositions (BIE) respectively. Jiang stated in the letter, “with great enthusiasm, I wish to convey the Chinese government’s earnest bid for hosting the 2010 World Exposition.” “ As a rapidly developing country with an ancient civilization and a population of approximately 1.3 billion, China aspires to host a world expo. It will help enhance the influence and popularity of the BIE and the cause of world expositions in China and the rest of the world and reinforce the contact and collaboration among different nations and regions.” Zhu promised in his letter, “The Chinese government pledges its utmost effort in bidding for the 2010 World Expo. During the exposition, the Chinese government and all the institutions concerned will observe the stipulations in the Convention of the BIE. The Chinese government will ensure their implementation.” Expo 2010 Shanghai China State Bidding Commission headed by state councilor Wu Yi is promoting the world expo bid at the national level by formulating the general bidding strategy, examining and approving the work plans and coordinating the efforts of different government departments. The ministries of foreign affairs, finance, public security, the State Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine, the General Administration of Customs and other central government departments of China have all sent letters of commitment regarding relevant issues on holding the world expo. In November 2001, the Gallup Research (China) conducted a public opinion poll on this issue. The results show that 90% of the Chinese people including those living in the regions of Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan support the China’s bidding for the 2010 world expo. Of people in Shanghai, 93% support it, 91% in other parts of the mainland and 63% in Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan. As is shown in an online survey conducted by the expo bidding office, about 93% support the bidding. Shanghai boasts rich experience in holding big international events. In the past few years, a great variety of professional international conferences have been convened here. Every year, quite a few trade and commodity fairs are held, a lot of economic and cultural information is collected or disseminated there. People in economic and cultural sectors across the world often meet in Shanghai, regarding it as a remarkable venue to share their ideas, opinions, information and experience. Great events are held in Shanghai, such as: the Annual Conference of International Chamber of Commerce, the Global Fortune Forum, the Conference of Member States of Shanghai Cooperation Organization, the Shanghai International Film Festival. The different organizers boast the expertise and skills of communication in foreign languages. Primitive men lived in China about 1.7 million years ago. Historical research has produced evidence that approximately 400,000 to 500,000 years ago the famous Beijing Man could make and use simple tools and knew how to use and control fire. The Xia dynasty (21st –16th centuries BC) saw the first introduction in Chinese history of the slavery system. In the dynasties after the Xia, that is Shang (16th – 11th centuries BC) and the Western Zhou (11th century to 770 BC), a slave society was firmly established. Then came the transitional phase from slavery to feudal society in the Spring and Autumn Period (770 – 476 BC), when the princely rival states were fighting for supremacy. The state of Qin unified China in 221 BC, and established the first centralized, multi-national feudal state. In the 2000 years that followed, peasant uprisings brought about the rise and fall of dynasty after dynasty. The cycle of China’s feudal society began to decay in the Ming and mid-Qing dynasties. In short, up to the Opium War in 1840, for more than 2,000 years, China remained a feudal society. The history of modern China begins with the Opium War in 1840. Subsequent invasions by the imperialist powers gradually reduced China to the status of a semi-colonial and semi-feudal country. The Chinese people began a long and courageous struggle against the oppression of feudalism and foreign aggression. The 1911 Revolution overthrew the Qing dynasty and ended the autocratic feudal rule, but failed to liberate China from the heavy burdens of imperialism, feudalism and bureaucratic capitalism that weighed down on the people’s shoulders. The Chinese communist party was founded in 1921, and finally led the people to victory with the founding of the People’s Republic of China on October 1, 1949. The coming of socialism has transformed the face of ancient China, and turned over a new page in the long history. Chocolate is one of the most popular snack foods in the United States. The average American eats about 6 kilos each year, but it is even more popular in Europe, where people in some countries eat about twice that amount. A new exhibit in Chicago traces the history of chocolate and its role in culture, economy and the environment. Chicago considers itself the candy capital of the United States because of the large number of manufacturers located there. Now, those who want to learn more about where many people’s favorite candy – chocolate – comes from, need only head to the new chocolate exhibit at the Natural History Museum in Chicago. Chocolate is an ideal topic for an exhibition. It is something we eat all of the time, it is something we love, we crave and yet it’s strange that we don’t know where it comes from. Chocolate began to spread throughout Europe in the 1600’s. In 1657, the first chocolate house opened in London. It is similar to today’s café. By 1700, there were in the vicinity of 2,000 chocolate houses in the city. Chocolate became the preferred drink in Italy. Some historians think the poison that killed the Pope in 1774 was concealed in chocolate. Chocolate appeared in its familiar candy form in England and Switzerland in the late 1800’s. Consumption of chocolate is not very high in parts of the world where it is grown. In part, it brings in much-needed income, but it is also considered a luxury. The interesting fact behind that is that many of the people who manufacture chocolate, grow chocolate and produce chocolate, are ones who can’t afford it. It still is a very expensive product in many of the countries producing it for us today. A personal computer, or PC, is a relatively small computer used by one person at a time. Portable PCs compact enough to fit on a person’s lap are known as laptops or notebooks. Special software called the operating systems enables you to operate the computer system’s physical parts, or hardware. The most common operating systems used on PCs are Microsoft Windows, the Macintosh and Linux. The heart of a PC is its microprocessor, or central processing unit (CPU in short), contained on a chip of silicon. The microprocessor carries out arithmetic and logic operations specified by computer programs. PCs have several places where data and instructions are kept. The Internet is a vast computer network of computer networks. In 1994, a total of 3 million people worldwide made use of it. As of early 2002, according to Nielsen, 166 million Americans had access to the Internet from their homes, the largest number of any country in the world. China, with more than 56 million, was in the 2nd place. In terms of percentage of households with Internet access, Canada, at more than 60%, was number 1. According to estimates by Global Reach in early 2002, English was the native language of 2/5 of the roughly 560 million people online: the 2nd-most-common language was Chinese, with nearly 10%. According to the Nielsen data, as of early 2002, the US and Canada were the only Internet markets where females online outnumbered males, although in New Zealand the split between the sexes was almost 50-50. A Digital Marketing Services survey found that American mothers averaged about 1/3 more time online per week than American teenagers. As of June 2002, the search engine company FAST claimed that its ALLTHEWEB.com engine had indexed the most Web pages – 2.1 billion, slightly more than runner-up Google. The total size of the Web, according to search engine developer BrightPlanet, lies in the hundreds of billions of pages. By December 1996, about 627,000 Internet domain names had been registered. By mid-2002, more than 30 million had been registered. The modern Olympic Games, first held in Athens, Greece, in 1896, were the result of efforts of Baron Pierre de Coubertin, a French educator, to promote interest in education and culture and to foster better international understanding through love of athletics. His source of inspiration was the ancient Greek Olympic Games, most notable of the 4 Panhellenic celebrations. The games were combined patriotic, religious, and athletic festivals held every 4 years. The first such recorded festival was held in 776 BC, the date from which the Greeks began to keep the calendar by “Olympiads”, or 4-year spans between the games. Baron de Coubertin enlisted 13 nations to send athletes to the first modern Olympics in 1896; now athletes from nearly 200 nations and regions in the world compete in the summer Olympics. The winter Olympics was started in France, in 1924. The first Olympic Games for the disabled were held in Rome after the 1960 summer Olympics, use of the name “paralympic” began with the 1964 Games in Tokyo. The Paralympics are held by the Olympic host country in the same year and usually the same city or venue. A goal of the Paralympics is to provide the elite competition to athletes with functional disabilities that prevent their involvement in the Olympic Games. On the Olympic flag there are 5 rings, linked together to represent the sporting friendship of all peoples. They also symbolize 5 geographic areas – Europe, Asia, Africa, Oceania and America. Each ring has a different color – blue, yellow, black, green and red. The creed of Olympics is that the most important thing in the Olympic Games is not to win but to take part, just as the most important thing in life is not the triumph but the struggle. The essential thing is not to have conquered but to have fought well. The motto is “swifter, higher, stronger.” The modern version of the flame was adopted in 1936. The torch used to kindle it is first lit by the sun’s rays at Mt. Olympia, Greece, and carried to the site of the Games by relays of runners. Ships and planes are used when necessary. Alzheimer’s disease, the most common form of dementia, is a progressive, degenerative disease of the brain in which nerve cells deteriorate and die for unknown reasons. Its first symptoms usually involve impaired memory and confusion about recent event. As the disease advances, it results in great impairment of memory, thinking, behavior, and physical health. The rate of progression of Alzheimer’s varies, ranging from 3 to 20 years; the average length of time from onset of symptoms until death is 8 years. Eventually, affected individuals lose their ability to care for themselves and become susceptible to infections for the lungs, urinary tract, or other organs as they grow progressively more debilitated. Alzheimer’s disease affects an estimated 4 million Americans, striking men and women of all ethnic groups. Although most people diagnosed with Alzheimer’s are older than 60, some cases occur in people in their 40s and 50s. By age 65, an estimated 10 percent of the population has affected by Alzheimer’s, and the disease affects almost half of those over 85. In the United States, annual costs of diagnosis, treatment, and long-term care are estimated at $100 billion. Diagnosis involves a comprehensive evaluation that may include a complete health history, a physical examination, neurological and mental status assessments, and other testing as needed. Skilled healthcare professionals can generally diagnose Alzheimer’s with about 90 percent accuracy. Treatments for cognitive and behavioral symptoms are available, but no intervention has yet been developed that prevents Alzheimer’s or reverses its course. Providing care for people with Alzheimer’s is physically and psychologically demanding. Nearly 70 percent of affected individuals live at home, where family or friends care for them. In advanced stages of the disease, many individuals require care in a nursing home. In Australia, there are 40 universities, (37 public universities and 3 private universities.) All universities are regulated by the Australian authorities, which ensure that all universities operate with high level of quality insurance and the degrees which are awarded from Australian universities are part of the Australian qualification framework. So all the degrees issued in higher education in Australia are nationally and internationally recognized. In fact, during the Chinese president Hu Jintao’s visit to Australia, the two countries had the signing of an arrangement of higher education qualification recognition. That’s the further strengthening of the opportunity for Chinese students to go to Australia to further their studies and to be confident about the recognition of higher education qualification. Any student who has the chance of studying abroad should make the best of that opportunity. So don’t just be involved in the academic life of being a student but take the opportunity to do some sightseeing or part-time job. The Australian government allows international students to work for up to 20 hours per week. Many students take the part-time job because it gives them exposure to different environment and different part of life they might not otherwise experience. Many students like the home-stay arrangement because it offers them some exposure to real Australian family life. As you know, universities and other places these days provide a very good range of support services and advice on finding a dorm, or banking. So make full use of these services, and if the students have any problems with their studies or their assignment, maybe they are lonely, they should go on to talk with people about it because these services are available and they shouldn’t think they are on their own. Globalization is weaving the world together as never before, but it is a world of different cultures, different systems, and different levels of development. Interdependence demands that we respect our unique cultures and civilizations. Interdependence also demands that we find common solutions to our common problems. These include the concerns of China’s major trading partners about its persistent trade surpluses. Equally, the world will have to understand the immense challenge China faces in transforming itself with a modern and competitive society – and all in a matter of decades. China is not alone in making this effort of restructuring. Globalization obliges all nations, small or large, rich or poor, to take part in a continuous process of adjustment. More than ever before, the world’s problems will be China’s problems; and China’s problems will be the world’s. Yet our world of dramatic changes is also a world of dramatic possibilities. China’s living standards have doubled in the last decade, and will no doubt double or triple again. New opportunities are opening up for Chinese workers and entrepreneurs. New choices are opening up for Chinese consumers as well. And out of this economic opening springs new hope. I would argue, from this evidence of the huge success of reform as far, that the real cost would lie in keeping doors closed, in slowing the restructuring process, and in maintaining inefficient public structures. What is true for China is true for the world. The global economy could easily double by 2020, raising global living standards by almost 2/3 – among the greatest advances in the world history. Technology and communications are weaving together an interconnected planet, spreading the tools of economic and social progress, and equalizing the human conditions. And we are breaking down the barrier, not just between economies, but between people, giving us a shared interest in prosperity and peace. We must be clear about what is at stake. China’s entry into the global trading system is about more than trade. It is about China’s further role as a world economic leader. And it is about the future direction of the global economy and our international community. I began by saying that we are at a turning point in China’s relations with the world. One of those moments in history, which come but rarely, when the choices we make shape the course of events for years and even decades to come. The Cold War landscape has been swept away, as if by a historical earthquake. The next era of globalization has yet to take shape. We have a unique opportunity – between eras as well as between centuries – to lay the solid foundations of a new kind of international system, one which offers the best chance yet of lasting world prosperity and peace. For the first time, we have in our grasp the possibility of creating a universal system based on rights and obligations agreed by consensus and binding all its members. I reiterate – the successful integration of China into the global economy is the key to many of the international challenges we face. We will need creativity in the days ahead. We will need resolve. And we will need vision. Change will come whether we like it or not. We can either engage in it positively and steer it to positive ends or ignore it to our peril. The choice before us is an obvious one. I have come to China, not as a negotiator, but as a man with one interest – to help build a truly global trading system which can bear the weight of the 21st century. I leave you with the message that China must be a central pillar of this system – otherwise we risk building the new century on the foundations of economic instability and even more uncertain peace. I am confident China will bring an equally great breath of vision of this task. Peking Opera is perhaps the perfect art of its kind existing in our world today. Though it is only 200 years old, its influence is deep in the hearts of the Chinese people. The classical Peking Opera is amazing in that it combines so many art forms which are separated in Western drama. Apart from singing and recitation, it also includes traditional Chinese music, poetry, dancing, pantomime, elaborate costumes and makeup, acrobatics and martial arts, It is grand opera, ballet, an acrobatic display and a historical play rolled into one changing and exciting panorama. There are typically four main characters in each play. They are a scholar or statesman, a principal female character, a warrior or bandit and a clown. Until the beginning of the 20th century, all the operatic roles were taken by men, with female impersonators playing the part of women. The best known of these was Mei Lanfang. Although women have effectively taken over their due part now, all the actors have to be very versatile. Not only must they be able to sing, act and recite poetry, but they need to be skilled in martial arts and gestures as well. Viewers are often impressed with the embroideries and combinations of color of the costumes,which, based on those of the Ming Dynasty, convey special meaning. The gorgeous headdresses, the jeweled girdles of the men and the hair ornaments of the women, the magnificent embroideries and the great, high court shoes which increase the height and majesty of the more important figures are all the important part of the opera. There are very strict rules about who wears what. An actor’s costume depends on the status and personality of the role he is playing. As there are very few stage props, actor’s use body movements to suggest a
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