Thinking ahead of the speaker – Anticipation helps
Listening is an extremely complex _____________________. In his book Principles and Implications of Cognitive Psychology, Neisser defines listening as a “temporary ____________ activity” in which the listener “_____________ develops more or less _______________ for what will come next.” In other words, an effective listener is _____________________ hypotheses in his mind, and also, he is _____________ his hypotheses by matching it with ________________. If he hears what he has expected, he receives the information. But if what he hears is totally ___________________, he fails to ________________.
The skill to anticipate what is coming in listening comprehension depends largely on the listener’s ___________________ the theme of the message. It also depends on the listener’s ____________ of the speaking as well as the ___________. Obviously, when we listen to something that we ______________ have some information about, it is generally a lot easier for us to __________ the new information. Therefore, ___________________ seems to have a big role to play ________________ listening comprehension. Before actually listening, we could perhaps first __________________________ to the topic, discuss it with others, read some _______________ and do some _______________. If we could make ourselves ___________________ for the forthcoming talks or lectures, we are more likely to become ___________________.
Of course, readiness beforehand is not at all enough. ____________________ must take place all the way through. In fact, we should always try to think ___________ the speaker. The ability to anticipate helps us in _______________________ guesswork. It doesn’t only enable us to ______________________ what a person is going to talk about ____________________, but also, interesting enough, sometimes even ____________ what a person’s _________________ is going to be in a discussion.
Note-taking
1. Final discussion of urban ________________
2. Domestic ___________ session will move to Room _________
3. Return __________ to ___________ Lodge.
4. Return discussion ________ to _________ by __________
5. First _____________ for airport outside _____________ Building at ____________
6. Second _________at ____________Delegates to arrive __________________
7. Dr. Shapsinger, Garbeldi and Surinander: Collect ____________ from conference ___________________
8. Dr. Goldman (____________ Institute) _______ Annual Convention of _______, in ________, in ____________. Interested parties leave ____________ at conference ___________________.
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