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阅读理解 230 句,用于写作句子
1.Tight-lipped elders used to say, “It’s not what you want in this world, but what
you get.”
2.Psychology teaches that you do get what you want if you know what you want and
want the right things. (强调)
3. While talking to you, your could-be employer is deciding whether your education,
your experience, and other qualifications will pay him to employ you and your
“wares” and abilities must be displayed in an orderly and reasonably connected
manner. (分词短语,省略主语)
4. Spend a certain amount of time each day seeking the employment you wish for, and
keep in mind: Securing a job is your job now.
5. With the start of BBC World Service Television, millions of viewers in Asia and
America can now watch the Corporation’s news coverage, as well as listen to it.
And of course in Britain listeners and viewers can tune into two BBC television
channels, five BBC national radio services and dozens of local radio station.
6. It is a remarkable record, stretching back over 70 years, yet the BBC’s future
(prospect) is now in doubt. The Corporation will survive as a publicly-funded
broadcasting organization, at least for the time being, but its role, its size and
its programmes are now the subject of a nation-vide debate in Britain. (表怀疑)
7. The debate was launched by the Government, which invited anyone with an opinion
of the BBC—including ordinary listeners and viewers—to say what was good or bad
about the Government, and even whether they thought it was worth keeping. (插入
语)
8. But it is the arrival of new satellite channel—funded partly by advertising and
partly by viewers’ subscriptions—which will bring about the biggest changes in
the long term. (插入语)
9. In the last half of the nineteenth century “capital” and “labour” were
enlarging and perfecting their rival organizations on modern lines.
10. The change met the technical requirements of the new age by engaging a large
professional element and prevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly
spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the
energetic founders.
11. The growth of the limited liability company and municipal business had important
consequences. Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly
increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class, an elementary in
national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the
duties of the landowners; and almost equally detached from the responsible
management of business.
12. On the other hand “shareholding” meant leisure and freedom which was used by
many of the later Victorians for the highest purpose of a great civilization.
13. The “shareholders” as such had no knowledge of the lives, thoughts or needs
of the workmen employed by the company in which he held shares, and his influence
on the relations of capital and labour was not good.
14. Indeed the mere size of operations and the numbers of workmen involved rendered
such personal relations impossible. Fortunately, however, the increasing power and
organization of the trade unions, at least in all skilled trades, enabled the workmen
to meet on equal terms the managers of the companies who employed them.
15. What account for the great outburst of major inventions in early
America—breakthroughs such as the telegraph, the steamboat and the weaving machine?
Among the many shaping factors, I would single out the country’s excellent
elementary school; a labor force that welcome the new technology; the practice of
giving premiums to inventors; and above all the American genius for nonverbal,
“spatial” thinking about things technological.(举例子)
16. Why mention the elementary school? Because thanks to these schools our early
mechanics, especially in the New England and Middle Atlantic states, were generally
literate and at home in arithmetic and in some aspects of geometry and trigonometry.
(设问提出问题,分析问题)
17. As a member of a British commission visiting here in 1853 reported, “With a
mind prepared by thorough school discipline, the American boy develops rapidly into
the skilled workman.”
18. A further stimulus to invention came from the “premium” system, which preceded
our patent system and for years ran parallel with it. (表原因)
19. Given this optimistic approach to technological innovation, the American worker
took readily to that special kind of nonverbal thinking required in mechanical
technology. (表原因)
20. This nonverbal “spatial” thinking can be just as creative as painting and
writing.
21. When all these shaping forces—schools, open attitudes, the premium system, a
genius for spatial thinking— interacted with one another on the rich U.S. mainland
they produced that American characteristic, emulation. Today that word implies mere
imitation. But in earlier times it meant a friendly but competitive striving for
fame and excellence. (插入语)
22. The goal of all will be to try to explain to a confused and often unenlightened
citizenry that there are not two equally valid scientific theories for the origin
and evolution of universe and life. (there be 句型)
23. This book stands for reason itself. And so it does—and all would be well were
reason the only judge in the creationism/evolution debate. (虚拟)
24. We posted bulletins all day long, because of course this isn’t just something
that happened in Australia. It’s world history. (收尾句)
25. The full import may take a while to sink in. (结论性语言)
26. But the tide is unlikely to turn back. In Australia——where an aging population,
life-extending technology and changing community attitudes have all played their
part——other states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with
euthanasia. In the U.S. and Canada, where the right-to-die movement is gathering
strength, observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling. (举例子,地
点状语)
27. A report consistently brought back by visitors to the U.S. is how friendly,
courteous, and helpful most Americans were to them. To be fair, this observation
is also frequently made of Canada and Canadians, and should best be considered North
American. There are, of course, exceptions. Small-minded officials, rude waiters,
and ill-mannered taxi drivers are hardly unknown in the U.S. Yet it is an observation
made so frequently that it deserves comment. (用于引出话题)
28. For a long period of time and in many parts of the country, a traveler was a
welcome break in an otherwise dull existence.(陈述)
29. Dullness and loneliness were common problems of the families who generally lived
distant from one another. (---是普遍问题)
30. The harsh realities of the frontier also shaped this tradition of hospitality.
(形成因素、解释原因原因)Someone traveling alone, if hungry, injured, or ill, often
had nowhere to turn except to the nearest cabin or settlement. It was not a matter
of choice for the traveler or merely a charitable impulse on the part of the settlers.
It reflected the harshness of daily life: if you didn’t take in the stranger and
take care of him, there was no one else who would. And someday, remember, you might
be in the same situation. 段落结构的有效写作
31. Yet, the old tradition of hospitality to strangers is still very strong in the
U.S., especially in the smaller cities and towns away from the busy tourist trails.
(转折处的有效表达)
32. Such observations reported by visitors to the U.S. are not uncommon, but are
not always understood properly.(双重否定表肯定)
33. The casual friendliness of many Americans should be interpreted neither as
superficial nor as artificial, but as the result of a historically developed cultural
tradition.(固定搭配,neither---nor---,转折 but 结论)
34. As is true of any developed society, in America a complex set of cultural signals,
assumptions, and conventions underlies all social interrelationships. And, of
course, speaking a language does not necessarily mean that someone understands
social and cultural patterns. Visitors who fail to “translate” cultural meanings
properly often draw wrong conclusions. For example, when an American uses the word
“friend”, the cultural implications of the word may be quite different from those
it has in the visitor’s language and culture. It takes more than a brief encounter
on a bus to distinguish between courteous convention and individual interest. Yet,
being friendly is a virtue that many Americans value highly and expect from both
neighbors and strangers. (段落论述,事实性论述。最后,结论)
35. Technically, any substance other than food that alters our bodily or mental
functioning is a drug. (下定义)Many people mistakenly believe that the term drug
refers only to some sort of medicine or an illegal chemical taken by drug addicts.
They don’t realize that familiar substances such as alcohol and tobacco are also
drugs. This is why the more neutral term substance is now used by many physicians
and psychologists. The phrase “substance abuse” is often used instead of “drug
abuse” to make clear that substances such as alcohol and tobacco can be just as
harmfully misused as heroin and cocaine. (进而解释误解原因)
36. We live in a society in which the medicinal and social use of substances (drugs)
is pervasive: an aspirin to quiet a headache, some wine to be sociable, coffee to
get going in the morning, a cigarette for the nerves. (生存大环境背景的有效描述)
37. Hallucinogens have their primary effect on perception, distorting and altering
it in a variety of ways including producing hallucinations.(产生主要影响)
38. No company likes to be told it is contributing to the moral decline of nation.
(导致---产生原因)
39. It’s a self-examination that has, at various times, involved issues of
responsibility, creative freedom and the corporate bottom line.(it 句型+插入语)
4o. The test of any democratic society lies not in how well it can control expression
but in whether it gives freedom of thought and expression the widest possible
latitude, however disputable or irritating the results may sometimes be. We won’t
retreat in the face of any threats.(---问题不在于---而在于----,无论-----)
41. Levin would not comment on the debate last week, but there were signs that the
chairman was backing off his hard-line stand, at least to some extent. (不会---
而会----,至少在某种程度上是这样)
42. But he talked as well about the “balanced struggle” between creative freedom
and social responsibility, and he announced that the company would launch a drive
to develop standards for distribution and labeling of potentially objectionable
music.(国家角度)
43. I think it is perhaps the case that some people associated with the company
have only recently come to realize this. (问题严重性)
44. Much of the language used to describe monetary policy, such as “steering the
economy to a soft landing” or a touch on the brakes, makes it sound like a precise
science. (make 的有效使用)Nothing could be further from the truth. The link between
interest rates and inflation is uncertain.
45. Given all these disadvantages, central bankers seem to have had much to boast
about of late.(鉴于----)
46. Economists have been particularly surprised by favourable inflation figures in
Britain and the United States, since conventional measures suggest that both
economies, and especially America’s, have little productive slack. America’s
capacity utilization, for example, hit historically high level earlier this year,
and its jobless rate (5.6% in August) has fallen below most estimates of the natural
rate of unemployment——the rate below which inflation has taken off in the past.
47. Why has inflation proved so mild? The most thrilling explanation is,
unfortunately, a little defective. Some economists argue that powerful structural
changes in the world have upended the old economic models that were based upon the
historical link between growth and inflation.(设问句)
48. Perhaps it is humankind’s long suffering at the mercy of flood and drought that
makes the idea of forcing the waters to do our bidding so fascinating.
49. But to be fascinated is also, sometimes, to be blind.(不定式做主语和表语)
50. It doesn’t help that building a big, powerful dam has become a symbol of
achievement for nations and people striving to assert themselves.
51. But big dams tend not to work as intended. The Aswan Dam, for example, stopped
the Nile flooding but deprived Egypt of the fertile silt that floods left— all in
return for a giant reservoir of disease which is now so full of silt that it barely
generates electricity. (段落结构,环境话题)
52.Proper, scientific study of the impacts of dams and of the cost and benefits of
controlling water can help to resolve these conflicts. (解决措施,并列句)
53. The trouble is that part of the recent acceleration is due to the usual rebound
that occurs at this point in a business cycle, and so is not conclusive evidence
of a revival in the underlying trend.(分析问题)
54. There is, as Robert Rubin, the treasury secretary, says, a “disjunction”
between the mass of business anecdote that points to a leap in productivity and the
picture reflected by the statistics. (there be 句型,插入语,----之间脱节)
55. Some of this can be easily explained. New ways of organizing the workplace—all
that re-engineering and downsizing— are only one contribution to the overall
productivity of an economy, which driven by many other factors such as joint
investment in equipment and machinery, new technology, and investment in education
and training. Moreover, most of the changes that companies make are intended to keep
them profitable, and this need not always mean increasing productivity: switching
to new markets or improving quality can matter just as much.
56. Two other explanations are more speculative. First, some of the business
restructuring of recent years may have been ineptly done. Second, even if it was
well done, it may have spread much less widely than people suppose.(段落结构)
57. In many cases, he believes, the loss of revenue has been greater than the
reductions in cost. (比较)
58. His colleague, Michael Beer, says that far too many companies have applied
re-engineering in a mechanistic fashion, chopping out costs without giving
sufficient thought to long-term profitability. (分词短语作状语)
59. Science has long had an uneasy relationship with other aspects of culture.
(表关系紧张)Think of Gallileo’s 17th-century trial for his rebelling belief
before the Catholic Church or poet William Blake’s harsh remarks against the
mechanistic worldview of Isaac Newton. The schism between science and the humanities
has, if anything, deepened in this century. (承接解释)
60. Defenders of science have also voiced their concern at meetings. (表示担忧)
61. Antiscience clearly means different things to different people. (下定义)
62. Scattered around the globe are more than 100 small regions of isolated volcanic
activity known to geologists as hot spots.(倒装)
63. Unlike most of the world’s volcanoes, they are not always found at the boundaries
of the great drifting plates that make up the earth’s surface; on the contrary,
many of them lie deep in the interior of a plate.(作比较)
64. That the plates are moving is now beyond dispute. (主语从句)
65. The relative motion of the plates carrying these continents has been constructed
in detail, but the motion of one plate with respect to another cannot readily be
translated into motion with respect to the earth’s interior. (并列)
66. It is not possible to determine whether both continents are moving in opposite
directions or whether one continent is stationary and the other is drifting away
from it. (it 句型+并列)
67. The significance of hot spots is not confined to their role as a frame of reference.
It now appears that they also have an important influence on the geophysical
processes that propel the plates across the globe. (谈重要意义)
68. While warnings are often appropriate and necessary—the dangers of drug
interactions, for example— and many are required by state or federal regulations,
it isn’t clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from
liability if a customer is injured. About 50 percent of the companies lose when
injured customers take them to court. (举例)
69. Now the tide appears to be turning.
70. In the first year or so of Web business, most of the action has revolved around
efforts to tap the consumer market.
71. More recently, as the Web proved to be more than a fashion, companies have started
to buy and sell products and services with one another. Such business-to-business
sales make sense because businesspeople typically know what product they’re looking
for. (状语开头)
72. Another major shift in the model for Internet commerce concerns the technology
available for marketing. (举例表原因)
73. But it is hardly inevitable that companies on the Web will need to resort to
push strategies to make money. (it 句型)
74. A Web site selling the right kind of products with the right mix of interactivity,
hospitality, and security will attract online customers. (并列)
75. And the cost of computing power continues to free fall, which is a good sign
for any enterprise setting up shop in silicon.
76. People looking back 5 or 10 years from now may well wonder why so few companies
took the online plunge. (结尾)
77. An education that aims at getting a student a certain kind of job is a technical
education, justified for reasons radically different from why education is
universally required by law.(下定义)
78. Rather, we have a certain conception of the American citizen, a character who
is incomplete if he cannot competently assess how his livelihood and happiness are
affected by things outside of himself.
79. It should be observed, of course, that no school, vocational or not, is helped
by a confusion over its purpose. (结论句)
80. Declaring that he was opposed to using this unusual animal husbandry technique
to clone humans, he ordered that federal funds not be used for such an
experiment—although on one had proposed to do so—and asked an independent panel
of experts chaired by Princeton President Harold Shapiro to report back to the White
House in 90 days with recommendations for a national policy on human cloning.
81. But NBAC members are planning to word the recommendation narrowly to avoid new
restrictions on research that involves the cloning of human DNA or cells—routine
in molecular biology. (补充)
82. The panel has not yet reached agreement on a crucial question, however, whether
to recommend legislation that would make it a crime for private funding to be used
for human coning. (插入语)
83. Because current federal law already forbids the use of federal funds to create
embryos ( the earliest stage of human offspring before birth) for research or to
knowingly endanger an embryo’s life, NBAC will remain silent on embryo research.
(原因状语前置)
84. NBAC members also indicated that they will appeal to privately funded researchers
and clinics not to try to clone humans by body cell nuclear transfer. (措施)
85. Shapiro and most members favored an appeal for such legislation, but in a phone
interview, he said this issue was still “up in the air.” (支持)
86. Science, in practice, depends far less on the experiments it prepares than on
the preparedness of the minds of the men who watch the experiments. (比较结构)
87. The fact that the apple fell down toward the earth and not up into the tree
answered the question he had been asking himself about those larger fruits of the
heavens, the moon and the planets.(同位语)
88. How many men would have considered the possibility of an apple falling up into
the tree? (疑问)
89. Scientists tend to forget this when writing their cut and dried reports for the
technical journals but history is filled with examples of it. (寒暄
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