GrowthinSouthandCentralAmericancountriesrefiningcapacityhaslaggedbehindthegrowthindemandintheregion(includingoil-richcountries)havetoimportlargequantitiesofrefinedoil.Asmanyrefineryexpansionprojecthasbeendelayed,analystsbelievethatthenextfewyearsintheregionstillrelyonoilimportstomeetmarketdemand.Mexico'snationaloilcompany(Pemex)ispromoting16,250,000tons/year(32.5millionbarrels/day)Tularefineryexpansionandreconstructionplan,butreportedlycost$3.5billioninthisprojecthasnotyetbeenfinallyapprovedbythecompany.ThisrefineryisMexico'ssecond-largestrefinery,hadaloss$8.6billion,roughlyequivalentto1%ofthecountry'sGDP.Atthesametime,thecompanyalsoplanstoinvest$10billiontobuilda12.5milliontonsinTula/year(25millionbarrels/day)refinery,butplanshavebeenpostponed.AnyoneofthesetwoprojectscanreducetheproductionofoilimportsMexico.AccordingtotheEIA(U.S.EnergyInformationAdministration)statistics,Mexicoimported50.5millionbarrelsofoil/dayfromtheUnitedStates,representingthecountry'soildemandis1/4.Mexico,abouthalfofthegasolineandnaturalgas1/3torelyonimports.ColombianoilimportsfromtheUnitedStatesin2012thantheaveragevalueincreasedby43percentto10.7millionbarrels/day,nearlyhalfthecountry'sneeds.Colombiannationaloilcompany(Ecopetrol)said,Cartagenarefinery4,250,000tons/year(8.5millionbarrels/day)expansionprojectis80%complete.Inaddition,Barrancabermejarefineryistoimprovetheprocessingofheavyoiltotransformtheirproportion.Venezuelaalsoneedtoincreaserefiningcapacity.Venezuela'soilrefiningcapacityof65milliontons/year(1.3millionbarrels/day),butduetoimpropermaintenance,andin2012hadaplaceinAmuayrefineryexplosion,oilproductionwaslowerthanthelevelofconsumptioninthecountry(77millionbarrels/day).Venezuela'sstateoilcompany(PDVSA)hasannouncedthreenewrefineries,andtwoexistingrefinerycapacityexpansion,buttheseplanshavebeendelayed.Thecompanyhopestoincrease1.25milliontons/year(2.5millionbarrels/day)ofrefiningcapacityin2015,2016andthenanadditional700milliontons/year(14millionbarrels/day).Ecuadortotaloilconsumptionis21millionbarrels/day,ofwhichimportsfromtheUnitedStatesaccountedfor1/3.Thecountryisalsoworkingtoimplementtherefineryexpansionproject,5.5milliontons/year(11millionbarrels/day)oftheEsmeraldasrefineryinFebruary2013shutdownforrevamping,buthasrepeatedlydelayedplanstoresumeproduction,resultingin2013theimportvolumehasincreased.Ecuador'snationaloilcompany(Petroecuador)hasplannedajointventurewithPDVSAinthePacificcoasttobuilda15milliontons/year(30millionbarrels/day)refinery,investing$12.5billion,butbecauseoffundingproblems,difficulttostarttheprojectonschedule.SimilarsituationinPeruandVenezuela,althoughrefiningcapacityisgreaterthanthelevelofconsumption,butduetolimitedcrudeoilproductionandrefinerytechnologybehindwhilethecountryhadtoimportcrudeoilandoilproducts.Peru'seconomyisontherise,domesticoilconsumptionof17.1millionbarrels/dayandgrowing.3.25milliontons/year(6.5millionbarrels/day)Talararefineryreconstructionprojecthasbeendelayedbecauseoffundingproblems,currentlythecountry'sdomesticconsumptionofoilimportsaccountedfor1/3.Uptonow,thecountryhasincreasedby22%in2013importsfromtheUnitedStatesthroughouttheyearthanin2012.OGEMSolidsControlBloghttp://chinesesolidscontrol.blogspot.com/OGEMSolidsControlsolidscontrolequipmenthttp://www.ogemsolidscontrol.com/
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