Designation: F 406 – 99
Standard Consumer Safety Specification for
Play Yards1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 406; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
This consumer safety specification addresses the play yard incidents that were identified by the U.S.
Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC).
In response to play yard-related incidents reported to the National Electronic Injury Surveillance
System (NEISS), this consumer safety specification attempts to minimize falls from play yards by
requirements for height of sides, rails strength, and warnings; scissoring, shearing, and pinching
injuries; strangulation by button entrapment in mesh openings; entrapment of body parts in holes or
between slats; collapse of the floor or sides; choking on vinyl bitten from the top rail; failure of locking
devices; and, suffocation in loose mesh or drop side models left with a side down in the down position.
This consumer safety specification is not intended to cover play yards that are either blatantly
misused or used in a careless manner that disregards the safety instructions in the warning statement
provided with each play yard.
This consumer safety specification is written within the current state-of-the-art of play yard
technology. The intent is to update this consumer safety specification when ever substantive
information becomes available which necessitates additional requirements or justifies revising the
existing requirements.
1. Scope
1.1 This consumer safety specification establishes perfor-
mance requirements, test methods, and marking requirements
intended to enhance the safe construction and use of the play
yards with the child inside or outside of the unit.
1.2 This consumer safety specification is to minimize inju-
ries to children resulting from use and reasonably foreseeable
misuse or abuse of play yards.
1.3 This consumer safety specification is not intended to
address incidents and injuries resulting from the interaction of
older children with children in the play yard or accidents
resulting from the abuse or misuse by persons who exceed the
physical criteria in 1.4.
1.4 For the purpose of this consumer safety specification, a
play yard is a framed enclosure with a floor made for the
purpose of containing a child who is unable to climb out of the
play yard and having a height of 35 in. (890 mm) or less, or
weighing not more than 30 lb (14 kg).
1.5 No play yard produced after the approval date of this
consumer safety specification shall, either by label or other
means, indicate compliance with this consumer safety specifi-
cation unless it conforms to all requirements contained herein.
1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
as the standard. The values in parentheses are provided for
information only.
1.7 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the
test methods portion, Section 10, of this specification: This
standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,
if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user
of this standard to establish appropriate safety, and health
practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limi-
tations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 1424 Test Method for Tearing Strength of Fabrics by
Falling-Pendulum Type (Elmendorf) Apparatus2
D 1683 Test Method for Failure in Sewn Seams of Woven
Fabrics2
D 3359 Test Methods for Measuring Adhesion by Tape
Test3
D 5034 Test Method for Breaking Strength and Elongation
of Textile Fabrics (Grab Test)4
F 966 Consumer Safety Specification for Full-Size and
Non-Full-Size Baby Crib Corner Post Extensions5
1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F-15 on
Consumer Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F15.18 on
Cribs, Toddler Beds, and Play Yards.
Current edition approved March 10, 1999. Published June 1999. Originally
published as F 406 – 77. Last previous edition F 406 – 97.
2 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.01.
3 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.01.
4 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.02.
5 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.07.
1
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
2.2 Federal Regulations:6
16 CFR 1303 Ban of Lead-Containing Paint and Certain
Consumer Products Bearing Lead-Containing Paint
16 CFR 1500 Hazardous Substance Act Regulations Includ-
ing Sections:
16 CFR 1500.44 Method for Determining Extremely Flam-
mable and Flammable Solids
16 CFR 1500.48 Technical Requirements for Determining a
Sharp Point in Toys and Other Articles for Use by
Children Under Eight Years of Age
16 CFR 1500.49 Technical Requirements for Determining
a Sharp Metal or Glass Edge in Toys or Other Articles
Intended for Use by Children Under Eight Years of Age
16 CFR 1500.50–.52 Test Methods for Simulating Use and
Abuse of Toys and Other Articles Intended for Use by
Children
16 CFR 1501 Method for Identifying Toys and Other
Articles Intended for Use by Children Under Three Years
of Age Which Present Choking, Aspiration, or Ingestion
Hazards Because of Small Parts
16 CFR 1509 Requirements for Non-Full-Size Baby Cribs
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 conspicuous, adj—a label that is visible, when the
play yard is in a manufacturer’s recommended use position, to
a person standing near or at any one position around the play
yard, but not necessarily visible from all positions.
3.1.2 cord, n—length of slender flexible material including
monofilaments, rope, plastic and textile tapes, ribbon, and
those materials commonly called string.
3.1.3 dynamic load, n—application of impulsive force
through free fall of a weight.
3.1.4 fabric, n—any woven, knit, coated, laminated, ex-
truded or calendered flexible material that is intended to be
sewn, welded, heat sealed, or glued together as an assembly.
3.1.5 manufacturer’s recommended use position, n—any
position for use of the product that is presented as a normal,
allowable, or acceptable configuration by the manufacturer in
any descriptive or instructional literature. This literature spe-
cifically excludes positions that the manufacturer shows in a
like manner to be unacceptable, unsafe, or not recommended.
3.1.6 mesh, n—mesh may be either a woven fabric, in which
the warp and filling yarns are interlaced, or knitted fabric in
which the wales and courses yarns are interlocked, or any other
type of fabric that may be developed that provides openings
therein.
3.1.7 mesh-fabric play yard, n—a play yard constructed
with a rigid frame assembly and a fabric or mesh assembly, or
both, used to function as sides, ends, or floor, or a combination
thereof.
3.1.8 non-paper label, n—any label material, such as plastic
or metal, which either will not tear without the aid of tools, or
tears leaving a sharply defined edge or labels made from fabric.
3.1.9 occupant, n—that individual who is in a product that
is set up in one of the manufacturer’s recommended use
positions.
3.1.10 paper label, n—any label material except fabric
which tears without the aid of tools and leaves a fibrous edge.
3.1.11 permanent, adj—(labels/warning attachments):
3.1.11.1 Labels not attached by a seam.
3.1.11.2 A non-paper label or decal shall be considered
permanent if during an attempt to remove it manually without
the aid of tools or solvents, it cannot be removed or such action
damages the surface to that it is attached.
3.1.11.3 A paper label shall be considered permanent if
during an attempt to remove it manually without the aid of
tools or solvents, it cannot be removed, it tears upon removal
or such action damages the surface to that it is attached.
3.1.11.4 Labels attached by a seam.
3.1.11.5 A label attached by a seam shall be considered
permanent if it complies with the requirements of 7.8.2 and
does not tear, yielding a separate part, during the test, and
meets the assembly requirements of 7.8.1.
3.1.12 rigid-sided play yard, n—a play yard with sides/ends
constructed of rigid materials like wood, plastic, or metal
generally configured as a horizontal rail/vertical slat assembly.
3.1.13 seam, n—a means of joining fabric components,
such as sewing, welding, heat sealing, or gluing.
3.1.14 static load, n—a vertically downward load applied
by a dead weight or other means.
3.1.15 structural failure, n—damage to component(s) or
assembly resulting in partial separation [greater than 0.040 in.
(1.00 mm) over original configuration], or complete separation
of the component(s) or assembly.
3.1.16 warning statements
3.1.16.1 Discussion—If warning statements are on a label,
refer to 3.1.11.1 or 3.1.11.4.
3.1.16.2 Warning statements applied directly onto the sur-
face of the play yard by hot stamping, heat transfer, printing,
wood burning, etc., will be considered permanent if the letters
in the area tested are still legible and attached after being
subjected to the test prescribed in 10.12.
4. General Testing Requirements
4.1 All testing shall be conducted on a concrete floor that
may be covered with 1⁄8 in. (3 mm) thick vinyl flooring cover,
unless test instructs differently.
4.2 The play yard shall be completely assembled, unless
otherwise noted, in accordance with the manufacturer’s in-
structions.
4.3 No testing shall be conducted within 48 h of manufac-
turing.
4.4 The play yard to be tested shall be in a room with
ambient temperature of 73 6 9°F (23 6 5°C) for at least one
h prior to testing. Testing then shall be conducted within this
temperature range.
4.5 All testing required by this specification shall be con-
ducted on the same unit.
5. General Requirements
5.1 The play yard shall comply with all requirements of this
consumer safety specification before and after testing as
specified in Section 10 of this consumer safety specification.
6 Code of Federal Regulations, available from U.S. Government Printing Office,
Washington, DC 20402.
F 406
2
5.2 Regulations and Standards—Play yards shall conform
to regulations and documents referenced in Section 2 before
and after all testing.
5.3 Wood Parts—Prior to testing, any exposed wood parts
shall be smooth and free of splinters.
5.4 Scissoring, Shearing, or Pinching:
5.4.1 A play yard when in the manufacturer’s recommended
use position shall be designed and constructed to prevent injury
to the occupant from scissoring, shearing, or pinching when
members or components rotate about a common axis, or
fastening points, slide, pivot, fold or otherwise move relative to
one another. Scissoring, shearing, or pinching exists when the
edges of the rigid parts admit a probe that is greater than a
0.210-in. (5.30-mm) and less than a 0.375-in. (9.50-mm)
diameter at any accessible point throughout the range of
motion of such parts.
5.4.2 Play yards that allow the top rail to be in a lowered
position when the play yard is erected, whether or not this is a
recommended use position as shown in Fig. 1, shall be
evaluated and shall be tested in accordance with 10.10.
5.5 Latching and Locking Mechanisms:
5.5.1 Any play yard that folds shall have a latching or
locking device or other provision in the design that will prevent
the play yard from accidentally folding when placed in the
manufacturer’s recommended use position.
5.5.1.1 During and upon completion of all testing, the play
yard shall remain in its manufacturer’s recommended use
position.
5.5.1.2 If a play yard is designed with a latching or locking
device, that device shall remain engaged and operative after
testing.
5.5.1.3 Each single-action locking or latching device that is
provided to prevent folding shall require a minimum force of
10 lbf (45 N) to activate the release mechanism when tested in
accordance with 10.9.
5.5.1.4 Each double-action locking or latching device that is
provided to prevent folding shall require two distinct and
separate actions for release. There are no force requirements
for double-action locking or latching devices.
5.6 Top Rail Assembly with Central Hinge—Play yard
designs requiring latching or locking of a top rail(s) to prevent
folding, which includes central hinge(s) and rail assembly that
moves downward when folded, as shown in Fig. 2, excluding
play yards as shown in Fig. 1, shall have a locking device that
automatically engages when placed in a manufacturer’s rec-
ommended use position. No top rail shall give the appearance
of being in the manufacturer’s recommended use position
unless the locking device is fully engaged.
NOTE 1—No test procedure is necessary for 5.6.
5.7 Openings:
5.7.1 Any shaped holes, slots, or cracks that exist in the play
yard in the manufacturer’s recommended use position and that
are accessible to the toes or fingers of the occupant through or
recessed, or both, into the surface of any rigid material that
admits a 0.210-in. (5.30-mm) diameter rod, also shall admit a
0.375-in. (9.50-mm) diameter rod. Openings that have a
minimum dimension between 0.210 in. (5.30 mm) and 0.375
in. (9.50 mm) shall be permissible, providing the depth is no
greater than the minimum dimension of the opening.
5.7.2 Openings in the surface of the floor support made of
rigid material shall be designed to prevent entrapment of
fingers, toes, hands and feet if the occupant can readily move,
lift, or fold the floor pad to expose the opening. Round
openings shall comply with 5.7.1 and shall not exceed 1.25-in.
(32-mm) diameter. For other shaped openings, the opening
shall comply with 5.7.1 and any continuous portion of an
opening that admits a 0.375-in. (9.50-mm) diameter rod must
fit within a 1.25-in. (32-mm) diameter circle.
5.8 Protective Components—If the child can grasp between
FIG. 1 Play Yard Frame Components
F 406
3
the thumb and forefinger or teeth, components such as caps,
sleeves, or plugs used for protection from sharp edges, points,
or entrapment of fingers or toes, or if there is at least a 0.040-in.
(1.00-mm) gap between the component and its adjacent parent
component, such components shall not be removed when
tested in accordance with 10.11.
5.9 Nonpaper Labels:
5.9.1 Nonpaper labels or decals, such as warning labels,
brand name labels, decorative labels, or pinstriping, which may
present a choking hazard if removed, must be permanent.
5.9.1.1 Nonpaper labels that may present a choking hazard
are those, which upon removal, fit entirely within the small
parts cylinder as defined in 16 CFR 1501. Nonpaper labels that
tear during the test to remove them are considered labels that
may pose a choking hazard.
NOTE 2—Paper labels are exempt from the small parts requirements of
16 CFR Part 1501 because paper cannot be meaningfully tested.
5.9.1.2 Nonpaper labels attached by a seam, except warning
labels, that tear along a seam only and do not yield a part which
fits entirely within the small parts cylinder, as defined in 16
CFR 1501, are not considered labels that pose a choking
hazard, and thus, are not required to be permanent.
5.10 Cord Length—No cord having a free, stretched length
in excess of 7.4 in. (188 mm), when tested in accordance with
10.17, shall be attached to a play yard. No cord intended or
likely to be used to attach other products to the play yard shall
be provided.
5.11 Coil Springs—Any exposed coil spring, which is
accessible to the occupant, having or capable of generating a
space between coils of 0.210 in. (5.50 mm) or greater during
static load testing, shall be covered or otherwise designed to
prevent injury from entrapment.
5.12 Stability—When subjected to test described in 10.16, a
minimum of three perimeter support points of the product not
in a straight line shall remain in contact with the inclined plane.
Products with an adjustable mattress support shall be tested
with the mattress in the lowest adjustable position.
5.13 Corner Post Extensions—All corner posts must meet
the Specification F 966.
6. Performance Requirements for Rigid-Sided Play Yards
6.1 After all testing, the play yard shall comply with 16 CFR
Part 1509.
6.2 Vertical Impact—These tests assist in evaluating the
structural integrity of the play yard assembly. Glue joints and
other means of fastening are subjected to abusive loads and
stresses.
6.2.1 Pad/Mattress Support—This test consists of dropping
a mass repeatedly onto the pad or mattress provided with the
play yard, in accordance with the test method described in
10.1. If a pad or mattress is not provided with the play yard, use
the pad specified in 10.1.1.2. Upon completion of testing,
components attached by glue, screws, or other fastening means
shall not have separated by more than 0.040 in. (1.00 mm) over
original configuration.
6.2.2 Side or End, or Both—This test consists of repeatedly
impacting the bottom rail of a play yard side or end with a
weight in accordance with the test method described in 10.2.
Upon completion of testing, components attached by glue,
screws, or other fastening means shall not have separated by
more than 0.040 in. (1.00 mm) over their original configura-
tion.
6.3 Pad/Mattress Support System—These tests assist in
evaluating the integrity of the attachment of the pad/mattress
support to the play yard.
6.3.1 A pad/mattress support, which is fixed with respect to
the play yard frame, is tested in accordance with 10.3. Test
failure occurs if the pad/mattress support system becomes
detached from the frame at any point of attachment or if the
force cannot be maintained.
6.3.2 A pad/mattress support, which is not fixed on opposite
sides to the play yard frame, is tested in accordance with
10.3.3, that is, a hinged or a support created by a recessed area
in which the pad/mattress support sits. Test failure occurs if (a)
any portion of the support system becomes detached from the
play yard at any point of attachment, or (b) if any free moving
portion of the support system does not return to its intended use
position once the force is removed.
6.4 Foldable Side or End Latch—This test consists of
loading the latches intended to prevent folding of the sides/
ends when in the manufacturer’s use position, in accordance
with the test method described in 10.4. The latching mecha-
nism shall not disengage during testing and shall continue to
function in the intended manner upon completion of the
testing.
6.5 Plastic Teething Rail—This test consists of deforming
the plastic teething rail under load to determine the security of
the attachment. Failure occurs when the feeler gage, as defined
FIG. 2 Top Rail Assembly With Central Hinge(s)
F 406
4
in 10.5.1.1, can freely enter into a gap created by the deflection
or deformation, or both, of the plastic teething rail when tested
in accordance with 10.5.
7. Performance Requirements for Mesh/Fabric Play
Yards
NOTE 3—Mesh/fabric play yards that include a rigid side, end, or floor
should be tested in accordance with Section 6 on that side, end, or floor.
7.1 Height of Sides—The height of the sides of the play yard
shall be a minimum of 21 in. (531 mm) when measured
vertically from the floor of the play yard, if a floor pad is
provided, or 20 in. (508 mm) from the top of the uncompressed
floor pad to the top of the side rail when the side rail is in its
fully erected position.
7.2 Side Deflection and Strength—All tests in this section
are to be performed sequentially.
7.2.1 The top rail and supporting members of the play yard
shall not have a
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