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Advanced Design System - 2001 Fundamentals Course Part Number N3211A/B from Agilent EEsof EDA Customer Education E8900-90346 Instructor Slides - September, 2001 3 days of intensive training - prerequisite for all other ADS courses. ADS 2001 Fundamentals - Sept, 2001 Slide 1 - 2 Introductions & Logistics: •Instructor: ____________________ •Students: Introduce yourself, your job, your experience with CAE tools, and your expectations for this class. ADS 2001 Fundamentals - Sept, 2001 Slide 1 - 3 What is the value of this class? With the aid of an instructor, you get hands-on experience. . You practice using ADS You learn the same methods used by ADS experts in the examples directory... You gain expertise ADS 2001 Fundamentals - Sept, 2001 Slide 1 - 4 Topics and measurements in this class: Built-in example designs System behavioral models Amp, filter, and mixer measurements Measurement equations DC simulations: curves, bias, sweeps Models, parameters, libraries AC simulations: gain, group delay, noise Tuning component parameters S-parameters: matching & optimization Momentum, E-Syn, DAC Transient & Harmonic Balance 2-tone simulations such as TOI (IP3) Noise figure, power and distortion Circuit Envelope simulations Modulated sources: GSM & CDMA Ptolemy simulation and more… RFIC, RF board, uWave circuits, and Systems.. Applies to: ADS 2001 Fundamentals - Sept, 2001 Slide 1 - 5 Schedule of Topics and Lab exercises 1 . Circuit Simulation Fundamentals 2. System Design Fundamentals 3. DC Simulation and circuit modeling 4. AC Simulation and parameter tuning 5. S-Parameters and Optimization 6. Filters - Trans, E-Syn, Momentum 7. Harmonic Balance Simulations 8. Circuit Envelope Simulation 9. Final Circuit & System simulations Approximately 3 topics per day: Day 1Day 1 Day 2Day 2 Day 3Day 3 Labs 2 - 9 cover design and testing of a receiver system and the amplifier and filter circuits for the system. Extra: The instructor may have class exercises or demos, if applicable. Also, if time allows, ask for information on other topics, circuit simulations, Design Guides, or examples. GOAL: Complete all the labs - you will be busy! Lab 1 covers the user interface, schematic capture, and simulation basics. ADS 2001 Fundamentals - Sept, 2001 Slide 1 - 6 How this class is structured: Instructor describes the theory and the lab exercise using overhead slides, demos, etc. Fund[1]Fund[1] Fund[2]Fund[2] All exercises build on each other. Optional steps are not required and are for fast-paced students. Extra Exercises are provided for future practice. Average lab time: about 1.5 hrs (+/- 15 min). Average lecture time: 30 min (+/- 10 min). Lab Exercises: 75 %Lecture: 25 % This arrow means there’s more on this topic... ADS 2001 Fundamentals - Sept, 2001 Slide 1 - 7 Other Logistics: About the computers and the course materials (next slide) •Class hours: ____________________ •Food - lunch, etc.: _______________ •Restroom, phone: ______________ •Anything else ? ADS 2001 Fundamentals - Sept, 2001 Slide 1 - 8 Course Materials: •WORKBOOK – Contains: slides, lab exercises, appendix. •About the COMPUTERS – Login: ____________________ – Password: _________________ It’s time to get started... E8900-90345 ADS Fundamentals Student Guide ADS 2001 Fundamentals - Sept, 2001 Slide 1 - 9 ADS basics and Circuit Simulation Fundamentals Topic 1: ADS 2001 Fundamentals - Sept, 2001 Slide 1 - 10 Here is ADS Simplified: 3 steps Plot or list data & write equations. Insert circuit & system components and set up the simulation. Layout / Momentum.Layout / Momentum. Simulation results (data) are written to a dataset. Netlist is automatically sent to the simulator. STEP 1: design capture STEP 2: Simulation STEP 3: display the results ADS 2001 Fundamentals - Sept, 2001 Slide 1 - 11 ADS Windows: Main, Schematic, Status, Data Display Main window:manage projects and open other windows... Data Display window: plots, lists, equations Schematic window: create / refine circuits & run simulations... Simulation Controller Project Directory Default Dataset Si m ula te Display Data Create a schematic Simulation Status window: simulation info: messages, errors, etc... ADS 2001 Fundamentals - Sept, 2001 Slide 1 - 12 Loading ADS: Directories, Variables, and Licenses When you load ADS, you are prompted for: •Install directory (location of ADS program) - C or D drive on a PC $HPEESOF_DIR (UNIX variable) or %HPEESOF_DIR% (PC variable) •Home directory (location of your ADS design work) - C:\users\default on a PC $HOME (UNIX variable) or %HOME% (PC variable) LM_LICENSE_FILE (variable) points to the license. The default is: LM_LICENSE_FILE = $HPEESOF_DIR / licenses / license.dat. Install Home NOTE: License files contain code words for the simulators. Licenses can be networked or keyed to individual computers (node locked) using a hardware key (dongle) or Ethernet card (MAC address). LICENSE Variable and File: ADS 2001 Fundamentals - Sept, 2001 Slide 1 - 13 Contents of an ADS Project Directory filename .ds filename .dds data networks mom_dsn (Momentum) substrates (Momentum) synthesis (used for E-Syn & DSP) verification (used for DRC) notebook filename .dsn (schematic & simulation setup also may have layout) Dataset files (simulation data) Other miscellaneous directories: Not required for most simulations (can be removed). Project Data Displays (windows display data) preferences & ADS netlist.log Fi le s ar e au to m at ic al ly c re at ed b y A D S for example: lab1_prj ADS 2001 Fundamentals - Sept, 2001 Slide 1 - 14 How to start ADS... Toolbar icons Menu commands You can also create an ADS shortcut. To start, create a project: File > New Project and name it: lab1 lab1 ADS Main window window appears: ADS 2001 Fundamentals - Sept, 2001 Slide 1 - 15 Main window: File , View, and more... Use icons or commands. However, not all commands have icons. But all icons have commands... File commands: View commands: Zap Spice or IFF Examples directory Click + box to expand or - box to collapse. ADS 2001 Fundamentals - Sept, 2001 Slide 1 - 16 Main window: Options Main window preferences are global, they apply to all projects. Sets the initial palettes and simulations. For now, use: Analog/RF design. AEL Configuration information... ADS 2001 Fundamentals - Sept, 2001 Slide 1 - 17 Main window: Window commands... So, let’s open the Schematic window... If you are in a project, these icons are active for opening windows: Notice the default Hot Keys ADS 2001 Fundamentals - Sept, 2001 Slide 1 - 18 Schematic window A new schematic becomes a .dsn file in the networks directory only after you save it. Create, open and save designs: All icons have balloon help. Also, use Window > Open Designs for unsaved designs. Dialogs give you control of designs. 3 important icons... ADS 2001 Fundamentals - Sept, 2001 Slide 1 - 19 Inserting and Editing components End command or use ESC. Select palettes. Insert components. Component History: type the name = get the component!. Edit a component: use icon or double click. Parameters are defined: _M is multiplicity. Pin and wire labels = named nodes. Also known as schematic capture! ADS 2001 Fundamentals - Sept, 2001 Slide 1 - 20 Edit commands and icons Edit > Component has many uses. Select command is also useful... Push / Pop for sub -circuits. Library (next) ADS 2001 Fundamentals - Sept, 2001 Slide 1 - 21 Library vendor parts + all your circuits Click the + Click the + or or -- to to expand or expand or collapse.collapse. FIND any part or search the WWW for parts. Select the part and it is attached to your cursor, ready to insert. ADS 2001 Fundamentals - Sept, 2001 Slide 1 - 22 Wiring and Moving components ••Use the wire or connect pins = wired •Point and click to snap to grid •Drag a wired component and it stays wired.. ••Wire colors are in Options > Layers Two rotation icons: Tips for wiring! Red pin = not connected Click to wire: Edit wired components: ADS 2001 Fundamentals - Sept, 2001 Slide 1 - 23 Check Representation for errors Click: Options > Check Representation Check for errors and incorrect simulation results! ADS 2001 Fundamentals - Sept, 2001 Slide 1 - 24 Wire/Pin Labels (node names) in Schematic To remove a label: Use the icon with a blank name. Or Edit > Wire/Pin Label > Remove Wire/Pin Label Also: Edit > Wire/Pin Label Attributes To label, click the icon: •Type in the name, point and click. •You get node voltage in the dataset. •Use in equations: dBm (Vout). •You can connect two pins without a wire. •Move them and edit attributes. •You can also create busses. For busses, see: examples/Tutorial/wire_bus_prj It is a documented example. ADS 2001 Fundamentals - Sept, 2001 Slide 1 - 25 Variable Equations: VAR VAR is a declaration (initialization). Component parameters can be assigned a value using a variable equation. Variables can be used with optimization, parameter sweeps, and many ... Click: TIP: Add dummy (X,Y,Z) variables and then edit on-screen. ADS 2001 Fundamentals - Sept, 2001 Slide 1 - 26 Symbols, units, and names Circle for mutual inductance: C (component name): changes the component C1 (instance name): rename it: c_shunt C= (parameter): a number (unit) or valid variable. C coupling_c C = x Example of on-screen control: QUIZ: Is this valid? Answer: YES, if x is a valid VAR: x=1pF Slash for pin# 1 (layout): ADS 2001 Fundamentals - Sept, 2001 Slide 1 - 27 Units and case sensitivity m = milli, M = Mega, V = volts •General Rule #1: UNIX is always case sensitive. –– Inserting some components: R or r is OK, because after the first insert, PC will recognize either one. •General Rule #2: PCs are case sensitive, except for: However, some rules apply to both, for example: & variable names are always case sensitive! And now, let’s Simulate... By the way, right mouse button has some useful commands! ADS 2001 Fundamentals - Sept, 2001 Slide 1 - 28 To set up a simulation, select the Controller: Choose from PaletteChoose from Palette HB DC S-Parameter NOTE: all palettes have many of the same components (Prm Swp) and specific Meas Eqns. Click the gear and insert the controller. ADS 2001 Fundamentals - Sept, 2001 Slide 1 - 29 Setting up a simulation... Edit on-screen if the parameter is displayed or use the dialog box. Display tab lists all the settings you want displayed on screen. Output tab allows you to select what is output to the dataset. There are other ways to simulate... By default, freq is the swept variable here! ADS 2001 Fundamentals - Sept, 2001 Slide 1 - 30 … more settings in the tabs Also, there are other ways to simulate... You specify the simulation parameters - you will learn to do this in the lab exercises! Noise tab Parameters tab ADS 2001 Fundamentals - Sept, 2001 Slide 1 - 31 Insert an ADS simulation Template Insert you circuit and simulate. But you need to verify settings: nodes, bias, variables, parameters... ADS has many templates, including Data Display templates. You can also make your own template: File > Save Design as Template... ADS 2001 Fundamentals - Sept, 2001 Slide 1 - 32 The Smart Simulation Wizard Predefined simulation setups for devices or circuits you build. Some editing may be required! See next... You will use this in one of the lab exercises! ADS 2001 Fundamentals - Sept, 2001 Slide 1 - 33 … Smart Simulation Wizard (cont.) Select the simulation setups or Design Guide setups (license required). Type in the values to be passed into the setup. Simulate and the results are automatically plotted in data display templates. ADS 2001 Fundamentals - Sept, 2001 Slide 1 - 34 In this course, you learn the Simulation controller settings used in templates and the smart simulation wizard... Some simulations, like HB, require more setup. DC requires no setup in most cases. *NOTE asterisk means schematic is not yet saved. The source frequency and the HB controller frequency must match! ADS 2001 Fundamentals - Sept, 2001 Slide 1 - 35 Setting up a Simulation! Before you simulate: • You can name the dataset file. • If not, default dataset = schematic name. Click: Simulation > Setup: To simulate use: F7 key, click Simulate, or the click the gear icon. Dataset files (.ds) are in the DATA directory. Data Display windows (.dds) are in the PROJECT directory. NOTE on mode: Servers can allow parallel simulation. ADS 2001 Fundamentals - Sept, 2001 Slide 1 - 36 When finished, the Data Display opens... During Simulation: Status Window appears! One way to stop a simulation, click: Simulation/Synthesis > Stop Simulation A successful simulation results in a dataset: Or click: Window > Simulation Status To stop a simulation from the schematic window. For more sim info, set simulation controller: ADS 2001 Fundamentals - Sept, 2001 Slide 1 - 37 Data Display window They can open automatically or you can open them from any Schematic or the ADS Main window: •Data displays open empty first time, unless you use a template. •You insert plots, lists, equations using the default dataset file or other dataset files that are specified explicitly. Default Dataset First, select a plot, list or Eqn for the data... ADS 2001 Fundamentals - Sept, 2001 Slide 1 - 38 STEPS: 1) Insert the plot, list, or equation. 2) Select the data or equations. 3) Options - edit data or plot. 4) Save/name the DDS window. List or plot the simulation data Edit the data trace or equation here. Other datasets and DDS equations, click here! Measurement equations and variables from schematics are also available here. QUIZ: What is this? Answer: Answer: default dataset ADS 2001 Fundamentals - Sept, 2001 Slide 1 - 39 Data Displays are powerful... Write equations to manipulate data to be listed or plotted. Markers have readout properties you can edit. Use cursor or arrow keys to move a marker. Scroll through lists. Explicit dataset..path if not default. Traces can be edited for color and thickness. View and zoom data. Insert Templates. ADS 2001 Fundamentals - Sept, 2001 Slide 1 - 40 Data Displays are powerful... Write equations using ADS functions to operate on data. Explicit dataset..path if not the default dataset. Traces can be edited and Markers can also be adjusted. •Insert > Templates •Create Pages •Zoom into plots •Scroll through lists ADS 2001 Fundamentals - Sept, 2001 Slide 1 - 41 TUNING: tune mode is simulation! Simulate > Tuning... Tuning allows you to “tweak ”parameter values and see the results! You will do this in the lab in just a few minutes... ADS 2001 Fundamentals - Sept, 2001 Slide 1 - 42 Print ADS schematics and data File >File > For Data, you can print selected plots, lists, equations. Print Setup - select the printer, style, etc. ADS 2001 Fundamentals - Sept, 2001 Slide 1 - 43 Using the Electronic Notebook The note book reads your ADS project: •Write descriptions of designs and data displays. •Create HTML of your designs and data. •An organized way to document your ADS designs. ADS 2001 Fundamentals - Sept, 2001 Slide 1 - 44 Archive ADS projects for e-mail or disc: ZAP NOTE: Archive files become .ZAP files (like .ZIP files). They can include all networks, data, and display files (entire project). From the Main window, click: File > Archive or Unarchive When you leave this class, archive the projects to C:\temp and then copy the ZAP to the A drive. Be sure to delete the datasets or it will not fit on a floppy disk (not necessary if you e-mail a zap file). For any ADS problems, call support and send the ZAP file. In the United States call: 1 - 800 473-3763. ADS 2001 Fundamentals - Sept, 2001 Slide 1 - 45 To end an ADS processes... UNIX users kill processes - PC users end processes PC task manager - NT: ctrl-alt-delete In a UNIX window, use: ps -ef | tail and you can kill (xxx) a processes. hpeesofde.exe - closes the ADS program (same as exit) hpeesofsim.exe - stops the simulation hpeesofdds.exe - end to stop the data display server hpeesofdss.exe - end to stop the dataset server If your computer is locked up or if there is any other problem (Data Display), you can safely stop some processes: AVOID killing these: hpeesofsess.exe hpeesofbrowser.exe hpeesofemx.exe Killing these will require re-starting ADS. These 2 work together! ADS 2001 Fundamentals - Sept, 2001 Slide 1 - 46 Lab 1: Circuit Simulation Fundamentals What the lab is about ... ADS 2001 Fundamentals - Sept, 2001 Slide 1 - 47 Learn Circuit Simulation Basics •Create a new project: lab1 •Build a low-pass filter in the schematic •S-parameter simulation •Display the results: S21 transmission •Tune the filter response •Create another schematic in lab1 project •Copy an example RFIC amplifier into lab1 project •Setup the Vin and Vout node voltage names •Perform a Harmonic Balance simulation •Display the spectrum and gain equation results NOTE: Lab 1 can be skipped if students already know the basic operation of ADS. MORE ON THE LAB: ADS 2001 Fundamentals - Sept, 2001 Slide 1 - 48 Low-pass filter: S-parameter simulation Build the filter, simulate and tune the filter parameters... ADS 2001 Fundamentals - Sept, 2001 Slide 1 - 49 RFIC example: Harmonic Balance simulation With Vin and Vout labeled, check the sub-circuit, and simulate. Start the lab now! Write and list the gain equation. NOTE: If you finish early, try the Extra Exercises!