High Performance,
High Density Servers for
Data Center, Virtualization, & HPC
Call iXsystems toll free or visit our website today! 1-855-GREP-4-IX | www.iXsystems.com
http://www.iXsystems.com/e5
Key FeatureS
iXr-1204+10G
Dual Intel® Xeon® Processors e5-2600 Family•
Intel® C600 series chipset•
Intel® X540 Dual-Port 10 Gigabit ethernet Controllers•
up to 16 Cores and 32 process threads•
up to 768GB main memory•
Four SaS/Sata drive bays•
Onboard Sata raID 0, 1, 5, and 10•
700W high-efficiency redundant power supply with •
FC and PMBus (80%+ Gold Certified)
iXr-22X4IB
Dual Intel® Xeon® Processors e5-2600 Family per node•
Intel® C600 series chipset•
Four server nodes in 2u of rack space•
up to 256GB main memory per server node•
One Mellanox® ConnectX QDr 40Gbp/s Infiniband w/QSFP •
Connector per node
12 SaS/Sata drive bays, 3 per node•
Hardware raID via LSI2108 controller•
Shared 1620W redundant high-efficiency Platinum •
level (91%+) power supplies
MODeL: iXr-22X4IB
768GB
of raM in 1u
e5
-26
00
High-Density iXsystems Servers powered by the
Intel® Xeon® Processor e5-2600 Family and Intel®
C600 series chipset can pack up to 768GB of raM
into 1u of rack space or up to 8 processors - with
up to 128 threads - in 2u.
On-board 10 Gigabit ethernet and Infiniband for Greater
throughput in less rack Space.
Servers from iXsystems based on the Intel® Xeon® Processor E5-2600
Family feature high-throughput connections on the motherboard, saving
critical expansion space. the Intel® C600 Series chipset supports up to
384GB of raM per processor, allowing performance in a single server to
reach new heights. this ensures that you’re not paying for more than you
need to achieve the performance you want.
The iXR-1204 +10G features dual onboard 10GigE + dual onboard
1GigE network controllers, up to 768GB of raM and dual Intel® Xeon®
Processors e5-2600 Family, freeing up critical expansion card space for
application-specific hardware. the uncompromised performance and
flexibility of the iXr-1204 +10G makes it suitable for clustering, high-traffic
webservers, virtualization, and cloud computing applications - anywhere
you need the most resources available.
For even greater performance density, the iXR-22X4IB squeezes four
server nodes into two units of rack space, each with dual Intel® Xeon®
Processors e5-2600 Family, up to 256GB of raM, and an on-board Mellanox®
ConnectX QDr 40Gbp/s Infiniband w/QSFP Connector. the iXr-22X4IB is
perfect for high-powered computing, virtualization, or business intelligence
applications that require the computing power of the Intel® Xeon® Processor
e5-2600 Family and the high throughput of Infiniband.
IXr-1204+10G: 10GbE On-Board
IXr-22X4IB
Call iXsystems toll free or visit our website today! 1-855-GREP-4-IX | www.iXsystems.com
Intel, the Intel logo, and Xeon Inside are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation in the u.S. and other countries.
High Performance,
High Density Servers for
Data Center, Virtualization, & HPC
Call iXsystems toll free or visit our website today! 1-855-GREP-4-IX | www.iXsystems.com
http://www.iXsystems.com/e5
Key FeatureS
iXr-1204+10G
Dual Intel® Xeon® Processors e5-2600 Family•
Intel® C600 series chipset•
Intel® X540 Dual-Port 10 Gigabit ethernet Controllers•
up to 16 Cores and 32 process threads•
up to 768GB main memory•
Four SaS/Sata drive bays•
Onboard Sata raID 0, 1, 5, and 10•
700W high-efficiency redundant power supply with •
FC and PMBus (80%+ Gold Certified)
iXr-22X4IB
Dual Intel® Xeon® Processors e5-2600 Family per node•
Intel® C600 series chipset•
Four server nodes in 2u of rack space•
up to 256GB main memory per server node•
One Mellanox® ConnectX QDr 40Gbp/s Infiniband w/QSFP •
Connector per node
12 SaS/Sata drive bays, 3 per node•
Hardware raID via LSI2108 controller•
Shared 1620W redundant high-efficiency Platinum •
level (91%+) power supplies
MODeL: iXr-22X4IB
768GB
of raM in 1u
e5
-26
00
High-Density iXsystems Servers powered by the
Intel® Xeon® Processor e5-2600 Family and Intel®
C600 series chipset can pack up to 768GB of raM
into 1u of rack space or up to 8 processors - with
up to 128 threads - in 2u.
On-board 10 Gigabit ethernet and Infiniband for Greater
throughput in less rack Space.
Servers from iXsystems based on the Intel® Xeon® Processor E5-2600
Family feature high-throughput connections on the motherboard, saving
critical expansion space. the Intel® C600 Series chipset supports up to
384GB of raM per processor, allowing performance in a single server to
reach new heights. this ensures that you’re not paying for more than you
need to achieve the performance you want.
The iXR-1204 +10G features dual onboard 10GigE + dual onboard
1GigE network controllers, up to 768GB of raM and dual Intel® Xeon®
Processors e5-2600 Family, freeing up critical expansion card space for
application-specific hardware. the uncompromised performance and
flexibility of the iXr-1204 +10G makes it suitable for clustering, high-traffic
webservers, virtualization, and cloud computing applications - anywhere
you need the most resources available.
For even greater performance density, the iXR-22X4IB squeezes four
server nodes into two units of rack space, each with dual Intel® Xeon®
Processors e5-2600 Family, up to 256GB of raM, and an on-board Mellanox®
ConnectX QDr 40Gbp/s Infiniband w/QSFP Connector. the iXr-22X4IB is
perfect for high-powered computing, virtualization, or business intelligence
applications that require the computing power of the Intel® Xeon® Processor
e5-2600 Family and the high throughput of Infiniband.
IXr-1204+10G: 10GbE On-Board
IXr-22X4IB
Call iXsystems toll free or visit our website today! 1-855-GREP-4-IX | www.iXsystems.com
Intel, the Intel logo, and Xeon Inside are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation in the u.S. and other countries.
4 09/213
Editor in Chief:
Ewa Dudzic
ewa.dudzic@software.com.pl
Supportive Editor:
Kamil Sobieraj
kamil.sobieraj@software.com.pl
Contributing:
Antonio Francesco Gentile, Devyn Collier Johnson, Rob
Somerville, Patrick Allen, Antonio Francesco Gentile, Kris
Moore, Carlos Antonio Neira Bustos, Angel Leon
Top Betatesters & Proofreaders:
Annie Zhang, Denise Ebery, Eric Geissinger, Luca Ferrari,
Imad Soltani, Olaoluwa Omokanwaye, Radjis Mahangoe,
Mani Kanth, Ben Milman
Special Thanks:
Annie Zhang
Denise Ebery
Art Director:
Ireneusz Pogroszewski
DTP:
Ireneusz Pogroszewski
ireneusz.pogroszewski@software.com.pl
Senior Consultant/Publisher:
Paweł Marciniak
pawel@software.com.pl
CEO:
Ewa Dudzic
ewa.dudzic@software.com.pl
Production Director:
Andrzej Kuca
andrzej.kuca@software.com.pl
Advertising Sales:
Kamil Sobieraj
kamil.sobieraj@software.com.pl
Publisher:
Software Media Sp. z o.o. SK
ul. Bokserska 1, 02-682 Warszawa
Poland
worldwide publishing
tel: 1 917 338 36 31
www.bsdmag.org
Software Media Sp z o.o. SK is looking for partners from
all over the world. If you are interested in cooperation with
us, please contact us via e-mail: editors@bsdmag.org.
All trade marks presented in the magazine were used
only for informative purposes. All rights to trade marks
presented in the magazine are reserved by the companies
which own them.
Dear Readers,
The September issue of BSD Magazine is dedicated to day-to-day BSD administration with the use of
MidnightBSD custom installations and Live CDs, BSD
server maintenance, directory encryption using PEFS
and much more.
We start with Rob’s column, where he discusses the
future of Microsoft, the industry giant.
System administrators and hobbyists often wish to build
custom install media with their own software packages,
or live CDs for fixing systems. In the What’s New section,
Lucas Holt explores MidnightBSD custom installations
and live CDs.
Many sites and handbooks explain how to install servers,
but once a server is running, can an administrator keep
it that way? The “BSD Server Maintenance” article by
Devyn Collier Johnson will cover the basics of maintaining
a BSD server.
Then you will have the chance to read Patrick Allen’s
article entitled “Re-purposing an Abandoned Mac Mini as
a Wireless Router with OpenBSD”, where he will try to
bring abandoned hardware into the present with OpenBSD.
Next, by reading Antonio Francesco Gentile’s article
called “Monit – Monitoring Solution for Enterprise and
SOHO Servers with FreeBSD”, you will learn how to set
up and manage a monitoring server based on monit.
In the Admin section, Rob Somerville presents the
eighth part of our series on programming – “FreeBSD
Programming Primer”, where we will refine our jQuery
menu and start building a user friendly interface to add
content.
Then, Kris Moore talks a bit about Directory encryption
using PEFS in the second part of his “A Closer Look at
the Changes in PC-BSD/TrueOS 9.2” series.
After that, Carlos Antonio Neira Bustos talks about the
Z file system in his “Intro to ZFS” article.
Finally, Angel Leon shows you the caveats of deploying
FreeBSD over XenServer and the advantages over the
traditional schema in improving administration, provisioning
and delivery times.
We hope you will enjoy this issue and find many
interesting articles!
Kamil Sobieraj
Editor of BSD Magazine
& BSD Team
www.bsdmag.org 5
Contents
Let’s Talk
It’s Lonely at the Top
By Rob Somerville
With the imminent departure of Steve Ballmer and
Microsoft insiders adamant that Bill Gates will not return,
what is the future for the industry giant?
What’s New
MidnightBSD Custom Installations and
Live CDs
By Lucas Holt
System administrators and hobbyists often wish to build
custom install media with their own software packages,
or live CDs for fixing systems. This flexibility can ease
deployments in large environments or make it easy to
bring your favorite OS along with you. Before customizing
install media, it’s important to look at the existing build
system in MidnightBSD. There are two directories within
the source tree for building media, release and nrelease.
Release is used to build installation media, and nrelease
(which originated from DragonFly BSD) is used to build
Live CDs and USB flash media.
BSD Server Maintenance
By Devyn Collier Johnson
Many sites and handbooks explain how to install servers,
but once a server is running, can an administrator keep it
that way? This article will cover the basics of maintaining
a BSD server.
Re-purposing an Abandoned Mac Mini
as a Wireless Router with OpenBSD
By Patrick Allen
Don’t let thousands of dollars worth of hardware that
has been abandoned by Apple rot with old, unsupported
software. Bring it into the present with OpenBSD.
Monit – Monitoring Solution for
Enterprise and SOHO Servers with
FreeBSD
By Antonio Francesco Gentile
The state of the network services offered by a company
is the business card with which it presents itself to the
world. Thanks to constant monitoring, it is possible to
understand how and where to improve the infrastructure
of the network in real time and detect any abnormalities.
Admin
FreeBSD Programming Primer – Part 8
By Rob Somerville
In the eighth part of our series on programming, we will
refine our JQuery menu and start building a user friendly
interface to add content.
A Closer Look at the Changes in
PC-BSD/TrueOS 9.2 – Part 2 – Directory
Encryption Using PEFS
By Kris Moore
Last month we took a look at how PC-BSD is implementing
ZFS boot-environments, which can be a life-saver for
both servers and desktops. This month we will be looking
at how PC-BSD uses the PEFS kernel level file system
module to automatically encrypt your home directory and
its contents, and how you can manually run PEFS for
other sensitive data.
Intro to ZFS
By Carlos Antonio Neira Bustos
“The Z file system, originally developed by Sun™, is
designed to use a pooled storage method in that space
is only used as it is needed for data storage. It is also
designed for maximum data integrity, supporting data
snapshots, multiple copies, and data checksums. It uses
a software data replication model, known as RAID-Z.
RAID-Z provides redundancy similar to hardware RAID,
but is designed to prevent data write corruption and to
overcome some of the limitations of hardware RAID.”
FreeBSD on XenServer
Angel Leon
In this article, we will learn the caveats of deploying
FreeBSD over XenServer and the advantages over the
traditional schema in improving administration, provisioning
and delivery times.
06
34
28
08
10
18
22
TM
38
42
09/2136
Let’s taLk
It’s Lonely
at the Top
A Chief Executive Officer was newly appointed to a large public owned organisation. On saying good-bye to his predecessor, he was handed 3 sequen-
tially marked envelopes and advised to open each in turn
when faced with a crisis. After an initial honeymoon pe-
riod, sales were down so the first envelope was opened
which said “Blame your predecessor”. This worked for a
while, until another major crisis arose, so the second en-
velope was opened which said “Reorganise”. The CEO
duly performed root and branch reform from remote site to
corporate headquarters and this strategy seemed to work
until another crisis emerged. On opening the third enve-
lope, the CEO was greeted with the message “Prepare 3
envelopes”.
While there is no suggestion that Steve Ballmer was
pushed out of the role (he is retiring), the above anec-
dote illustrates well the challenges of being a CEO of a
major technological blue chip. You can please some of
the people some of the time, but rarely all at the same
time. It seems that the Microsoft Corporation (NASDAQ:
MSFT) is at a critical juncture both from the long term vi-
sion point of view and via strong competition in the sec-
tor. Looking back to Bill Gates’ tenure, the organisation
switched directions from being led by a technologist to
being led by a marketeer. No doubt this made sense at
the time, with the increasing move towards software be-
coming just “another consumer commodity”. However,
very much like Apple losing focus with the departure of
Steve Jobs in 1985 and its subsequent rebirth upon his
return, the strategy of running a technology company
With the imminent departure of Steve Ballmer and Microsoft
insiders adamant that Bill Gates will not return, what is the future
for the industry giant?
by a non-technologist poses some interesting questions
about corporate identity and its relationship to the mar-
ketplace. As the goal of any public corporation is to make
as much money as possible for the shareholders, surely
logic would dictate that a marketing/sales focused CEO
would be the best candidate? Or maybe a banker or law-
yer would be better. To the cynical, major organisations
can be run by any discipline, as facilitating any effective
change over the short to medium term is close to impos-
sible due to cultural inertia
and the sheer complexity of
the business. The age old
conundrum of what lead-
ership model to follow is
key; centralisation versus
decentralisation? One
large behemoth or lots
of small divisions?
Benevolent dictator
or autonomy? Corpo-
rate clone or individu-
al creativity? The per-
mutations are endless,
as history inevitability
repeats itself under
each new leader.
What is clear is that
the original MSFT
www.bsdmag.org 7
It’s lonely at the top
vision of innovation is becoming decidedly threadbare.
The pressure to drain every last profitable cent from the
product is moving the market towards Software as a Ser-
vice (SaaS). This might be fine for enterprises, but renting
software will only remain a growing trend until the ever
increasing pressure of vendor lock-in and the long term
financial and security risk is realised by the customer.
The big problem with renting anything (especially from an
effective monopoly) is that they can easily dictate mar-
ket price at a whim. At least if you own it (as far as you
can own a software licence) you have a physical product
until end-of-life. It is ironic that we have come full circle
from the 1970’s where enterprises rented processing on a
time-share basis. This is a very different reality from build-
ing a company through innovation, aggressive acquisition
and then branding the now ex-competitors’ products as
your own. The disconnect is even clearer as Bill Gates’
vision of a computer on every desktop – a revolutionary
idea at the time – has been such a clear success. MSFT
is the dominant alpha male, effectively the industry stan-
dard whether in the enterprise or in the home. All of this
is set to change with the rapidly growing mobile and tab-
let market, areas traditionally where MSFT has performed
poorly. Time and again, the corporation has tried to gain
an elusive foothold in alternative sectors without the obvi-
ous success it had in the 80’s and 90’s – Bing and Nokia
being good examples.
In the past, MSFT managed to main-
tain pre-eminence with a simultane-
ous pincer attack on the enterprise
and the consumer markets. This is
now becoming much more asym-
metrical, with MSFT holding its
own in the corporate world and
the consumer turning towards
Apple and Android. The ques-
tion is what will happen when
XP finally turns end of life in
2014. Will the consumer stay
with Microsoft or decide to invest in alternatives? With
XP holding an estimated market share of 40%, that is a
lot of legacy software – and the cool enterprise reception
to Windows 8 suggests Windows 7 will become the next
consumer haven. With rumours of an aggressive devel-
opment cycle for Windows 9, all this may change, but it is
unthinkable that the user interface will change dramati-
cally from the tablet-focused model. So in the
short term at least, MS has hedged their
bets should their traditional domestic user
base reject Windows 8 or 9 in a Vista-like
fashion. Another variable is whether the
consumer market will choose to upgrade their desktop PC
or move towards tablets. This further plays into the hands
of other players (e.g. Google docs) and weakens another
traditional cash cow – Microsoft Office.
Whoever leads up MSFT, it will be during a very turbu-
lent and challenging time in the technology marketplace.
If SaaS and the cloud continues its meteoric rise in pop-
ularity, the drift away from traditional licensing/purchase
models will become a stampede. This is where MS faces
a huge challenge – while it might be able to get away with
charging the corporate customer, anyone can easily sub-
scribe to free services like CloudOn, that offers MS Office
on a tablet under a freemium pricing model – free to the
majority, pay for premium services. Traditionally, the MS
business model would be to purchase competitors and in-
tegrate, but how would they monetize this? Start charging
and the user base will just move to Google docs unless
they are totally locked into Office.
Microsoft needs to get back to its roots and decide what
business model it wants to follow. As a technology com-
pany, they need a killer app, a widely adopted O/S across
different platforms, and a revolutionary and exciting vi-
sion. As a service provider, they need to focus on the en-
terprise, especially in the area of Bring Your Own Device
(BYOD) and solution/support provision. If they choose
both, a fragmentation of the organisation seems inevita-
ble, as the profit from traditional licensing models is evap-
orating and the business models are so vastly different.
Could it be that MSFT is going the well trodden path of
IBM, HP and Blackberry – too big and too slow to respond
to a rapidly changing marketplace and consequently los-
ing their onward inertia? Unless the new CEO can pull a
rabbit out of the hat, the three envelope scenario
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