神经系统疾病肠内营养支持操作规范

percutanoous endoscopic gastrostomy and nasogastric tube feeding in patients with persisting neurological dysphagia. BMJ, 1992, 304:1406-1409. @@[19] Dwolatzky T, Berezovski S, Friedmann R, et al. A prospective comparison of the use of nasogastric and percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tubes for long-term enteral feeding in older people. Clin Nutr, 2001, 20:535-540. @@[20] Baeten C, Hoofnagels J. Feeding via nasogastric tube or percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy. A comparison. Scand J Gastroenterol Suppl, 1992, 194:95-98. @@[21] Katzberg HD, Benatar M. Enteral tube feeding for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/motor neuron disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2011 :CD004030. @@[22] Mitchell SL, Teno JM, Kiely DK, et al. The clinical course of advanced dementia. N Engl J Med, 2009, 361:1529-1538. @@[23] Brocker P, Benhamidat T, Benoit M, et al. Nutritional status and Alzheimer' s disease: preliminary results of the REAL. FR study. Rev Med Interne, 2003, 24 Suppl 3:313-318. @@[ 24 ] Faxen-Irving G, Basun H, Cederholm T. Nutritional and cognitive relationships and long-term mortality in patients with various dementia disorders. Age Ageing, 2005, 34:136-141. @@[25] Shatenstein B, Kergoat MJ, Reid I. Poor nutrient intakes during 1-year follow-up with community-dwelling older adults with early stage Alzheimer dementia compared to cognitively intact matched controls. J Am Diet Assoc, 2007, 107:2091-2099. @@[26] Hanson LC, Ersek M, Gilliam R, et al. Oral feeding options for people with dementia: a systematic review. J Am Geriatr Soo, 2011,59:463-472. @@[27] Rudberg MA, Egleston BL, Grant MD, et al. Effectiveness of feeding tubes in nursing home residents with swallowing disorders. J Parenter Enteral Nutr, 2000, 24:97-102. 2011-07-05 神经系统疾病肠内营养支持操作 规范 编程规范下载gsp规范下载钢格栅规范下载警徽规范下载建设厅规范下载 共识（2011版） 中华医学会肠外肠内营养学分会神经疾病营养支持学组 一、营养风险筛查 背景与证据：神经系统疾病伴吞咽障碍患者进食减少或 不能进食，危重神经疾病患者分解代谢大于合成代谢，部分 神经疾病患者病前就已经存在营养不足或营养风险。因此 有必要进行营养风险筛查(nutrition risk screening，NRS， 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 1)，以确定进一步的营养评估和营养支持 方案 气瓶 现场处置方案 .pdf气瓶 现场处置方案 .doc见习基地管理方案.doc关于群访事件的化解方案建筑工地扬尘治理专项方案下载 。2003年 Kondrup等[2 ]对128个有关营养支持的随机对照研究进行 了系统分析，经NRS2002筛查的8944例患者中，总分≥3分 并予以营养支持的，良好结局比例明显增高(P =0.000，Ⅰ a 级证据)。2003年欧洲肠外肠内营养学会（European Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition，ESPEN）、2006年中华医学 会肠外肠内营养学分会(Chinese Society of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition,CSPEN)和2011年美国肠外肠内营养学会 ( American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, ASPEN) 均推荐住院患者使用营养风险筛查工具[3-5]。由于NRS2002 简便易用，又有循证医学支持证据，2005年至2006年北京3 家三级甲等医院神经内科对住院患者应用NRS2002进行了 营养风险筛查，在753例住院患者中，461例(61.2％)完成 了筛查，营养不足和营养风险的发生率分别为4.2％和 21.2％，有营养风险的患者仅14. 4％接受营养支持[6](Ⅲb 级证据)。由此说明，即便大城市的大医院也存在营养风险 率较高和营养支持率较低的现状。因此，有必要将营养风险 筛查纳入神经系统疾病营养支持操作规范，以加强住院患者 营养支持管理。 10. 3760/cma. j. issn. 1006-7876. 2011.11.018 万方数据 型配方（A级推荐）。 万方数据 九、肠内营养支持调整 万方数据 @@[1]宿英英，黄旭升，彭斌，等.神经系统疾病肠内营养支持操作规 范共识.中华神经科杂志，2009,42:788-791. @@[2] Kondrup J, Rasmussen HH, Hamberg O, et al. Nutritional risk screening ( NRS 2002 ) : a new method based on an analysis of controlled clinical trials. Clin Nutr, 2003, 22:321-336. @@[3] Kondrup J, Allison SP, Elia M, et al. ESPEN guidelines for nutrition screening 2002. Clin Nutr, 2003, 22:415-421. @@[4]中华医学会.临床诊疗指南-肠外肠内营养学分册（2008版）. 北京：人民卫生出版社，2009：1 8-24. @@[5] Mueller C, Compher C, Ellen DM. A. S. P. E. N. clinical guidelines: nutrition screening, assessment, and intervention in adults.J Parenter Enteral Nutr, 2011,35:16-24. @@[6]崔丽英，陈海波，宿英英，等.北京大医院神经科住院患者营养 风险、营养不足、超重和肥胖发生率及营养支持应用状况.中 国临床营养杂志，2009，17:67-70. @@ [7] Krishnan JA, Parce PB, Martinez A, et al. Caloric intake in medical ICU patients: consistency of care with guidelines and relationship to clinical outcomes. Chest, 2003, 124:297-305. @@ [ 8 ] ASPEN Board of Directors and the Clinical Guidelines Task Force. Guidelines for the use of parenteral and enteral nutrition in adult and pediatric patients. J Parenter Enteral Nutr, 2002, 26 (1 Suppl ) : 1-138. @@ [9] Esper DH, Coplin WM, Carhuapoma JR. Energy expenditure in patients with nontraumatic intracranial hemorrhage. J Parenter Enteral Nutr, 2006, 30:71-75. @@[10] Bardutzky J, Georgiadis D, Kollmar R, et al. Energy demand in patients with stroke who are sedated and receiving mechanical ventilation. J Neurosurg, 2004, 100:266-271. @@[11] Singer P, Berger MM, van den Berghe G, et at. ESPEN Guidelines on Parenteral Nutrition: intensive care. Clin Nutr, 2009, 28:387-400. @@[ 12] Druml W, Jadma K. Recommendations for Parenteral Nutrition in Adults. Vienna: Austrian Society of clinical Nutrition ( AKE ), 2008 : 18-23. @@[13] Su YY, Li X, Li SJ, et al. Predicting hospital mortality using APACHE Ⅱ scores in neurocritically ill patients: a prospective study. J Neurol, 2009, 256:1427-1433. @@[ 14] Gramlich L, Kichian K, Pinilla J, et al. Does enteral nutrition compared to parenteral nutrition result in better outcomes in critically ill adult patients.? A systematic review of the literature. Nutrition ,2004, 20:843-848. @@[ 15 ] Dennis MS, Lewis SC, Warlow C. Effect of timing and method of enteral tube feeding for dysphagic stroke patienls ( FOOD ) : a multicentre randomiscd controlled trial. Lancet, 2005, 365 : 764- 772. @@[16] Minard G, Kudsk KA, Melton S, et al. Early versus delayed feeding with an immune-enhancing diet in patients with severe head injuries. J Parenter Enteral Nutr, 2000, 24:145-149. @@[17] Elia M, Ceriello A, Laube H, et al. Enteral nutritional support and use of diabetes-specific formulas for patients with diabetes : a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Care, 2005, 28: 2267 -2279. @@[18]高会霞，宿英英.等热量不同糖成分营养制剂对急性卒中患者 血糖影响的随机对照研究.中国临床营养杂志，2008，16:209- 210. @@[19]周翠萍，宿英英.重症卒中患者对等热卡不同蛋白质入量的肠 内营养代谢反应：51例随机对照研究.中国临床营养杂志， 2006,14：351-355. @@[20] Scheinkestel CD, Kar L, Marshall K, et al. Prospective randomized trial to assess caloric and protein needs of critically ill, anuric, ventilated patients requiring continuous renal replacement therapy. Nutrition, 2003, 19:909-916. @@[21 ] Elia M, Engfer MB, Green CJ, et al. Systematic review and meta analysis: the clinical and physiological effects of fibre-containing enteral formulae. Aliment Pharmacol Ther, 2008, 27 : 120-145. @@[22] Rushdi TA, Pichard C, Khater YH. Control of diarrhea by fiber enriched diet in ICU patients on enteral mitrition: a prospective randomized controlled trial. Clin Nutr, 2004, 23 : 1344-1352. @@[23] Del Olmo D, Lopez del VT, Martinez de IP, et al. Fiber in enteral nutrition: systematic review of the literature. Nutr Hosp, 2004, 19 :167-174. @@[24] Ho KM, Dobb GJ, Webb SA. A comparison of early gastric and post-pyloric feeding in critically ill patients: a meta-analysis. Intensive Care Med, 2006, 32:639-649. @@[25] Acosta-Eseribano J, Femandez-Vivas M, Grau CT, et al. Gastric versus transpyloric feeding in severe traumatic brain injury: a 万方数据 prospective, randomized trial. Intensive Care Med, 2010, 36: 1532-1539. @@[26] Dwolatzky T, Berezovski S, Friedmann R, et al. A prospective comparison of the use of nasogastric and percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tubes for long-term enteral feeding in older people. Clin Nutr, 2001, 20:535-540. @@[27] Metheny NA, Clouse RE, Chang YH, et al. Tracheobronchial aspiration of gastric contents in critically ill tube-fed patients: frequency, outcomes, and risk factors. Crit Care Med, 2006, 34: 1007-1015. @@[28 ] Bankhead R, Boullata J, Brantley S, et al. Enteral nutrition practice recommendations. J Parenter Enteral Nutr, 2009, 33: 122-167. @@[29] Shang E, Geiger N, Sturm JW, et al. Pump-assisted enteral nutrition can prevent aspiration in bedridden percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy patients. J Parenter Enteral Nutr, 2004, 28 : 180-183. @@[30] Adams HP, Del ZG, Alberts MJ, et al. Guidelines for the early management of adults with ischemic stroke. Stroke, 2007, 38: 1655-1711. @@[31 ] European Stroke Organisation (ESO) Executive Committee, ESO Writing Committee. Guidelines for management of ischaemic stroke and transient ischaemic attack 2008. Cerebrovasc Dis, 2008, 25: 457-507. @@[32] Griesdale DE, de Souza RJ, van Dam RM, et al. Intensive insulin therapy and mortality among critically ill patients: a meta-analysis including NICE-SUGAR study data. CMAJ, 2009, 180:821-827. @@[33] Moghissi ES, Korytkowski MT, Dinardo M, et al. American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American Diabetes Association consensus statement on inpatient glycemic control. Diabetes Care, 2009, 32 : 1119-1131. @@[34] Amarenco P, Bogousslavsky J, Callahan AR, et al. High-dose atorvastatin after stroke or transient ischemic attack. N Engl J Med, 2006, 355:549-559. @@[35]洪忠新，华鑫，武力，等.对住院患者低胆固醇血症的调查与分 析.中国临床营养杂志，2008，16：22 -25. @@[36] Vincent JL, Dubois MJ, Navickis RJ, et al. Hypoalbuminemia in acute illness: is there a rationale for intervention? A meta-analysis of cohort studies and controlled trials. Ann Surg, 2003, 237:319- 334. @@[37] Dubois MJ, Orellana-Jimenez C, Melot C, et al. Albumin administration improves organ function in critically ill hypoalbuminemic patients: a prospective, randomized, controlled, pilot study. Crit Care Med, 2006, 34:2536-2540. @@[38]宿英英，高淑凤，车林海，等.急性脑损伤并发低白蛋白血症的 危险因素.中国危重病急救医学，2000，12：308 -309. @@[ 39 ] Guenter PA, Settle RG, Perlmutter S, el al. Tube feeding-related diarrhea in acutely ill patients. J Parenter Enteral Nutr, 1991, 15 : 277 -280. @@[40] Booth CM, Heyland DK, Paterson WG. Gastrointestinal promotility drugs in the critical care setting: a systematic review of the evidence. Crit Care Med, 2002, 30 : 1429-1435. @@[41 ] Martino R, Foley N, Bhogal S, et al. Dysphagia after stroke: incidence, diagnosis, and pulmonary complications. Stroke, 2005, 36:2756-2763. 2011-07-05 万方数据 神经系统疾病肠内营养支持操作规范共识(2011版) 作者： 中华医学会肠外肠内营养学分会神经疾病营养支持学组 作者单位： 刊名： 中华神经科杂志 英文刊名： Chinese Journal of Neurology 年，卷(期)： 2011,44(11) 本文链接：http://d.g.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical_zhsjk201111018.aspx