nullnullnullhttp://www.tjnxdfqz.com C型钢 工字钢吊架 铸铁老虎夹 http://www.u51688.com http://www.qiwhy.comnullThe Road to RevolutionThe Road to RevolutionWhat is meant by “salutary neglect” and how does this lead directly to the revolution?
nullRevolution?Revolution?What was the Revolutionary mov’t at its core really all about?
The amount of taxation?
The right of Parliament to tax?
The political corruption of Britain and the virtue of America?
The right of a king to govern America?
The colonies’ growing sense of nat’l identity apart from Britain?
Was the Revolution truly a radical overturning of gov’t and society - the usual definition of a “revolution - or something far more limited or even “conservative” in its defense of traditional rights?Divorce?Divorce?Britain at the crossroads
Dean Josiah Tucker Advises a Divorce (1774)
What 5 points does he make about a divorce between the colonies and the motherland?
Whose RevolutionWhose Revolution
Varying viewpoints: whose revolution?
Progressive view of the Revolution as
product of social conflict among colonial
groups. “It was the opposition of interests
In America that chiefly made men extremists
On either side…. Those men who wished to take a safe middle ground, who wished neither to renounce
their country nor to mark themselves as rebels, could no longer hold together”
Carl L. Becker Beginnings of the American People (1915)An ideological view of the Revolution as resulting from the colonists’ ideas about liberty and power.
“The colonists believed they saw emerging from the welter of events during the decade after the Stamp Act a pattern whose meaning was unmistakable…They saw about them, with increasing clarity, no merely mistaken, or even evil, policies violating the principles upon which freedom rested, but what appeared to be evidence of nothing less than a deliberate assault launched surreptitiously by plotters against liberty both in England and in America…. This belief transformed the colonists’ struggle…”
Bernard Bailyn, The Ideological Origins of the American Revolution (1967)nullParliament rejected the First Continental Congress’ petition
April 1775 Br. Commander in Boston sent detachment of troops to nearby Lexington and Concord
Shot heard around the world
British lost 1/3 of their armynullOn the Eve of the Revolution ? disjointed/jealous
Badly organized
No currency defensive fight
self sustaining agric
Moral advantage just causeWrite this down! pop adv 3:1
Naval power
Wealth
Professional army Ireland worry
French backstab
No Wm Pitt to organize
Liked American cousins
Second Continental CongressSecond Continental CongressMay 1775
Conservative
No well defined desire for independence
Best political move - drafting G Washington
Va to balance Ma - aristocrat to balance “masses”nullLoyalist
StrongholdsnullWashington’s HeadachesOnly 1/3 of the colonists were in favor of a war for independence [the other third were Loyalists, and the final third were neutral].
State/colony loyalties.
Congress couldn’t tax to raise money for the Continental Army.
Poor training [until the arrival of Baron von Steuben.nullExports & Imports: 1768-1783Make Up Your Mind!Make Up Your Mind!One hand Americans trying to affirm loyalty to king and trying to patch up
Other hand raising armies and shooting Br. Soldiers
nullMilitary StrategiesAttrition [the Brits had a long supply line].
Guerilla tactics [fight an insurgent war you don’t have to win a battle, just wear the British down]
Make an alliance with one of Britain’s enemies.The AmericansThe BritishBreak the colonies in half by getting between the No. & the So.
Blockade the ports to prevent the flow of goods and supplies from an ally.
“Divide and Conquer” use the Loyalists.HandoutHandoutBattle of Lexington & Concord April 19, 1775
Fort Ticonderoga May 10, 1775
Bunker Hill, June 17, 1775
Common Sense, Feb 14,1776
Siege of Charleston, June 1776
Declaration, July 1776
Battles for New York – August – October, 1776
Battles for New York – August – October, 1776
Trenton, December 26, 1776
Princeton, January 2, 1777
Saratoga, September 1777
2nd Saratoga, October 1777
Valley Forge, Dec. 1777 – June 1778
France joins the war against Britain, February 6, 1778
British take Charleston, SC May 12 1780
American victory at Cowpens, SC Jan. 17, 1781
American victory at Guilford Courthouse NC Mar 15 1781
British surrender at Yorktown Oct 19, 1781
Treaty of Paris signed Sept 3 1783nullPhase I: The Northern Campaign [1775-1776]May 1775: Ethan Allen and Benedict Arnold. Ticonderoga and Crown Point
nullBunker Hill (June, 1775)The British suffered over 40% casualties.Second Continental CongressSecond Continental CongressOlive Branch Petition
July 1775
REJECTED!
Now it is treason - punishable by hanging!
Then he hired Hessians!Thomas Paine’s
Common Sense
aka “pis*&^ing in the wind”Thomas Paine’s
Common Sense
aka “pis*&^ing in the wind” Best seller
Common sense said to completely rebel - Britain was smaller than us!
Biblical language appealed to the masses
Thomas Paine’s
Common Sense
Thomas Paine’s
Common Sense
Not just independence but whole new republic -where power comes from the people themselves
Radical revert to Greece
Traditional was “mixed gov’t”
This suggestion was heard b/c
Colonist experience in self - govt ex: New England
Experience in democratic town meets
Committees of correspondence showed republican gov’t working
No hereditary aristocracy in the coloniesCitizen VirtueCitizen VirtueBecause political power will no longer reside with the king
Individuals need to sacrifice their personal self-interest to the public good
**collective good of the “people” mattered more than private rights and interests
Republicanism for them meant an end to hereditary aristocracy but not an end to all social hierarchy. Many still worried the revolutionary fervor for liberty would overwhelm the stability of the social orderDeclaration of IndependenceDeclaration of IndependenceHandout
Price they paidWhat are the single most important 35 words
in the English language?nullPhase II:
NY & PA [1777-1778]nullNew York City in Flames (1776)Burgoyne’s Plan - 1777Burgoyne’s Plan - 1777
Capture the Hudson River Valley, thereby cutting New England off from the rest of the country,squeezing it to death.
sail down Lake Champlain and recapture Fort Ticonderoga. head through the forest to try and attack the Americans.
Burgoyne was only traveling 22 miles, but it took him 20 days to cover it because he had 600 wagons going through the forest and the muddy marsh with him.
Over 30 of them were carrying his own personal baggage because even in the wilderness, Gentleman Johnny Burgoyne ate off of silver plates. This gave the Americans time to prepare for the British.
When the British got to Saratoga, their 6,000 man army was outnumbered and after a fierce battle, they lost.
Shortly after, the French decided to help the American cause for freedom.
These were the two major turning points in the war, which turned it in America's favor. null Saratoga: “Turning Point” of the War?A modern-day re-enactmentArnold Leading the Charge at Freeman's FarmArnold Leading the Charge at Freeman's Farm During the second battle of Saratoga on Oct. 7, 1777, Arnold led a headlong charge, captured a key redoubt, was again wounded, and made the British surrender inevitable. One of his soldiers called Arnold "as brave a man as Ever lived."ARNOLD’S TREASONARNOLD’S TREASON His bitterness, along with a need for money to pay heavy debts, led Arnold to negotiate with the British. He conceived a plan to betray West Point, a post that he commandedHis attempted treachery was revealed when John Andre (left), a British major, was captured in September 1780 carrying Arnold's message. Arnold escaped to the enemy lines and was commissioned a brigadier general in the British army. For his property losses, he claimed and was paid about $10,000nullWashington Crossing the DelawarePainted by Emanuel Leutze, 1851!
Is it realistic?The People of Valley Forge
The People of Valley Forge
There were 12,000 men and women of the Continental Army in Valley Forge on during the winter of 1777.
The Commander-in-Chief was General George Washington.
It was a difficult time for them.
There wasn't enough food or shelter from the weather.
They had lost battles at Brandywine in September and Germantown in October.
They were discouraged and wondered if they could even win the war.
The men were as young as eleven and as old as 60. Most of the soldiers were white, but there were some blacks and Indians. There were even some foreigners there who helped the soldiers.
2,000 died; the others stayed at their posts
THE NAVAL WAR - it goes global!THE NAVAL WAR - it goes global!An important factor, and one not always remembered, was that the Continental Congress relied heavily on aid from abroad. Aid which included not only muskets and powder, but ultimately ships and men as well.
This aid could only be brought to American shores by water, and to do it required a sea power to counterbalance that of England. The struggle for North America was fought not only at Trenton, Monmouth,and Saratoga, but also in the cold, gray seas off Ushant; off Cadiz, and in the shadows of grim Gibralter and in the tropical waters of the West IndiesnullPhase III: The Southern Strategy [1780-1781]nullBritain’s “Southern Strategy”Britain thought that there were more Loyalists in the South.
Southern resources were more valuable/worth preserving.
The British win a number of small victories, but cannot pacify the countryside [similar to U. S. failures in Vietnam!]
Good US General: Nathanial GreenenullThe Battle of Yorktown (1781)Count de RochambeauAdmiral De GrassenullCornwallis’ Surrender at Yorktown:Painted by John Trumbull, 1797“The World Turned Upside Down!”Recap of Important BattlesRecap of Important Battles
1. Lexington – Concord 1775
Shot heard @ the world
2. Breeds- Bunker Hill – 1775
Don’t fire ‘til you see the whites of their eyes
3. Trenton- Princeton 1776
G. Washington crosses frozen Delaware River Christmas Eve
4. Saratoga Oct 17, 1777
Howe and Burgoyne( Br) vs. Gates (colonist)
Fr $ - Valley Forge
5. Yorktown Oct 17, 1781 * end war
Cornwallis (Br) vs. G. Washington and Lafayette (colonist)
6. Treaty of Paris Sept 1783
United States recognized officially as a country
nullnullnullNorth America After the Treaty of Paris, 1783
本文档为【the american revolution】,请使用软件OFFICE或WPS软件打开。作品中的文字与图均可以修改和编辑,
图片更改请在作品中右键图片并更换,文字修改请直接点击文字进行修改,也可以新增和删除文档中的内容。
该文档来自用户分享,如有侵权行为请发邮件ishare@vip.sina.com联系网站客服,我们会及时删除。
[版权声明] 本站所有资料为用户分享产生,若发现您的权利被侵害,请联系客服邮件isharekefu@iask.cn,我们尽快处理。
本作品所展示的图片、画像、字体、音乐的版权可能需版权方额外授权,请谨慎使用。
网站提供的党政主题相关内容(国旗、国徽、党徽..)目的在于配合国家政策宣传,仅限个人学习分享使用,禁止用于任何广告和商用目的。