ASTM B 751 – 99

Designation: B 751 – 99 An American National Standard Standard Specification for General Requirements for Nickel and Nickel Alloy Welded Tube1 This standard is issued under the fixed designation B 751; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval. 1. Scope 1.1 This specification contains various requirements that, with the exception of Sections 6 and 7, are mandatory requirements to the following ASTM nickel and nickel alloy, longitudinally welded tubular product specifications: Title of Specification ASTM Designa-tion2,3 Welded UNS N08020, UNS N08026, and UNS N08024 Alloy Tubes B 468 Welded UNS N08800 and UNS N08810 Alloy Tubes B 515 Welded Nickel-Chromium-Iron Alloy (UNS N06600) Tubes B 516 Welded Nickel and Nickel-Cobalt Alloy Tube B 626 UNS N08904, UNS N08925, and UNS N08926 Welded Tube B 674 UNS N08366 and UNS N08367 Welded Tube B 676 Welded UNS N06625 and N08825 Alloy Tubes B 704 Ni-Cr-Mo-Co-W-Fe-Si Alloy (UNS N06333) Welded Tube B 726 Welded Nickel (UNS N02200/UNS N02201) and Nickel Cop- per Alloy (UNS N04400) Tube B 730 1.2 One or more of the test requirements of Section 6 apply only if specifically stated in the product specification or in the purchase order. 1.3 In case of conflict between a requirement of the product specification and a requirement of this general specification, only the requirement of the product specification need be satisfied. 1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 2. Referenced Documents 2.1 ASTM Standards: B 880 Specification for General Requirements for Chemical Check Analysis Limits for Nickel, Nickel Alloys and Cobalt Alloys2 E 8 Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials4 E 18 Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness and Rockwell Superficial Hardness of Metallic Materials4 E 29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications5 E 39 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Nickel6 E 76 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Nickel-Copper Alloys6 E 112 Test Methods for Determining the Average Grain Size4 E 213 Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Metal Pipe and Tubing7 E 426 Practice for Electromagnetic (Eddy-Current) Exami- nation of Seamless and Welded Tubular Products, Austen- itic Stainless Steel and Similar Alloys7 E 571 Practice for Electromagnetic (Eddy-Current) Exami- nation of Nickel and Nickel Alloy Tubular Products7 E 1473 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Nickel, Cobalt, and High-Temperature Alloys8 3. Terminology 3.1 Definitions: 3.1.1 average diameter—the average of the maximum and minimum outside diameters, as determined at any one cross section of the tube. 3.1.2 nominal wall—a specified wall thickness with a plus and minus tolerance from the specified thickness. 3.1.3 thin wall tube—tube with specified wall thickness 3 % or less of the specified outside diameter. 3.1.4 welded tube—a hollow product of round or any other cross section having a continuous periphery. 4. Dimensions and Permissible Variations 4.1 Diameter and Wall Thickness—Individual measure- ments shall not exceed the tolerances specified in Table 1. The permissible variation in outside diameter is not sufficient to provide for ovality in thin-walled tubes. For thin-walled tubes the maximum and minimum diameters at any cross section shall not deviate from the nominal diameter by more than twice the permissible variation in outside diameter given in the table; however, the mean diameter at that cross section must still be within the permissible variation. 4.2 Length—When material is ordered cut-to-length, the1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B-2 on Nonferrous Metals and Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B02.07 on Refined Nickel and Cobalt and Their Alloys. Current edition approved July 10, 1999. Published September 1999. Originally published as B 751 – 85. Last previous edition B 751 – 95a. 2 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 02.04. 3 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 02.01. 4 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01. 5 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02. 6 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.05. 7 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.03. 8 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.06. 1 Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States. NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued. Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information. length shall conform to the permissible variations prescribed in Table 2. 4.3 Straightness—Material shall be reasonably straight and free of bends and kinks. 4.4 Ends—Ends shall be plain or cut and deburred. 5. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance 5.1 The material shall be uniform in quality and temper, smooth, and free of imperfections that would render it unfit for use. 6. Test Requirements 6.1 Flange Test: 6.1.1 A length of tube not less than three times the specified diameter or 4 in. (102 mm), whichever is longer, shall be capable of having a flange turned over at a right angle to the body of the tube without cracking or showing imperfections rejectable under the provisions of the product specification. The width of the flange shall not be less than 15 % of the tube diameter. 6.1.2 The flanged specimen shall not exhibit through wall cracking or any cracking observable without magnification. 6.2 Flattening Test: 6.2.1 A length of tube not less than three times the specified diameter or 4 in. (102 mm), whichever is longer, shall be flattened under a load applied gradually at room temperature until the distance between the platens is five times the wall thickness. The weld shall be positioned 90° from the direction of the applied flattening force. 6.2.2 The flattened specimen shall not exhibit cracks. 6.3 Flare Test—The flare test shall consist of flaring a test specimen with an expanding tool having an included angle of 60° until the specified outside diameter has been increased by 30 %. The flared specimen shall not exhibit cracking through the wall. 6.4 Pressure (Leak Test): 6.4.1 Hydrostatic—Each tube with an outside diameter 1⁄8 in. (3 mm) and larger, and with wall thickness of 0.015 in. (0.38 mm) and over, shall be tested by the manufacturer to an internal hydrostatic pressure of 1000 psi (6.9 MPa) provided that the fiber stress calculated in accordance with the following equation does not exceed the allowable fiber stress, S, indicated as follows: P 5 2St/D (1) where: P 5 hydrostatic test pressure, psi (MPa), S 5 allowable fiber stress, for material in the condition (temper) furnished as specified in the product speci- fication (S is calculated as the lower of 2⁄3 of the specified minimum 0.2 % offset yield strength or 1⁄4 of the specified minimum ultimate strength for the ma- terial), t 5 minimum wall thickness, in. (mm), equal to the specified average wall minus the permissible minus wall tolerance, or the specified minimum wall thick- ness, and D 5 outside diameter of the tube, in. (mm). 6.4.1.1 The test pressure must be held for a minimum of 5 s. NOTE 1—Testing at a pressure greater than 1000 psi can be done as agreed upon by the purchaser and manufacturer provided that the allowable fiber stress is not exceeded. 6.4.2 Pneumatic (Air Underwater) Test— Each tube shall be tested at a pressure of 150 psi (1.05 MPa). The test pressure shall be held for a minimum of 5 s. Visual examination is to be made when the material is submerged and under pressure. The fell length of material must be examined for leaks. 6.4.3 If any tube shows leaks during hydrostatic or pneu- matic testing, it shall be rejected. 6.5 Nondestructive Electric Test: 6.5.1 Eddy-Current Testing—Testing shall be conducted in accordance with Practices E 426 or E 571. The eddy-current examination referenced in this specification has the capability of detecting significant discontinuities, especially of the short abrupt type. 6.5.1.1 Unless otherwise specified the calibration standard shall contain, at the option of the manufacturer, any one of the following discontinuities to establish a minimum sensitivity level for rejection. The discontinuity shall be placed in the weld if visible. 6.5.1.2 Drilled Hole—A hole not larger than 0.031 in. (0.79 TABLE 1 Permissible Variations for Outside Diameter and Wall Thickness of Welded TubeA,B Specified Outside Diameter Outside Diameter Permissible Variations of Thickness of Specified Nominal Wall, % Thickness of Specified Minimum Wall,% in. (mm) + − + − + − Over 0.125 (3.2) to 5⁄8 (16), excl 0.005 (0.13) 0.005 (0.13) 15.0 15.0 30 0 5⁄8 (16) to 11⁄2 (38), incl 0.0075 (0.19) 0.0075 (0.19) 12.5 12.5 28 0 Over 11⁄2 (38) to 3 (76), incl 0.010 (0.25) 0.010 (0.25) 12.5 12.5 28 0 Over 3 (76) to 41⁄2(114), incl 0.015 (0.38) 0.015 (0.38) 12.5 12.5 28 0 Over 41⁄2(114) to 6 (152), incl 0.020 (0.51) 0.020 (0.51) 12.5 12.5 28 0 AThese permissible variations in outside diameter apply only to material as finished at the mill before subsequent swaging, expanding, bending, polishing, or other fabricating operations. BThe ovality provisions of 4.1 apply. TABLE 2 Permissible Variations in LengthA Outside Diameter, in. (mm) Cut Length, in. (mm) Over Under Cold-finished: under 2 (50.8) 1⁄8 (3.2) 0 Hot-finished: 2 (50.8) and over 3⁄16 (4.8) 0 all sizes 3⁄16 (4.8) 0 AThese permissible variations in length apply to tube in straight lengths. They apply to cut lengths up to and including 24 ft (7.3 m). For lengths over 24 ft an additional over-tolerance of 1⁄8 in. (3.2 mm) for each 10 ft (3.0 m) or fraction thereof shall be permissible up to a maximum additional over-tolerance of 1⁄2 in. (12.7 mm). B 751 2 mm) in diameter shall be drilled radially and completely through the wall, care being taken to avoid distortion of the material while drilling. 6.5.1.3 Transverse Tangential Notch—Using a round file or tool with a 1⁄4in. (6 mm) diameter, a notch shall be filed or milled on the tube outside diameter tangential to the surface and transverse to the longitudinal axis of the material. Said notch shall have a depth not exceeding 121⁄2 % of the specified wall thickness of the material, or 0.004 in. (0.10 mm), whichever is greater. 6.5.2 Ultrasonic Testing: 6.5.2.1 Testing shall be conducted in accordance with Prac- tice E 213. The ultrasonic examination referred to in this specification is intended to detect longitudinal discontinuities having a reflective area similar to or larger than the calibration reference notches specified in 6.5.2.2. The examination may not detect circumferentially oriented imperfections or short, deep defects. 6.5.2.2 For ultrasonic testing, a longitudinal calibration notch shall be machined on the outside and inside diameter surface. The depth of the notch shall not exceed 121⁄2 % of the specified wall thickness or 0.004 in. (0.10 mm), whichever is greater. The notch shall be placed in the weld if visible. 6.5.2.3 Calibration Frequency—The frequency of calibra- tion checks shall be as follows: (a) At the beginning of each production run or log. (b) After every 4 h or less during testing. (c) At the end of each production run or lot. ( d) At any time malfunctioning is suspected, or the equipment has been left unattended. (e) If, during any check, the equipment fails to pick up the standard defects in the calibration standard, the instrument test must be recalibrated and all material tested since the last check shall be reexamined. 6.5.3 Acceptance and Rejection—Material producing a sig- nal equal to or greater than the calibration imperfection shall be subject to rejection. 6.5.3.1 Test signals produced by imperfections that cannot be identified or produced by cracks or crack-like imperfections shall result in rejection of the tube, subject to rework, and retest. 6.5.3.2 If the imperfection is judged as not fit for use, the tube shall be rejected, but may be reconditioned and retested providing the dimensions requirements are met. To be ac- cepted, retested material shall meet the original electric test requirements. 6.5.3.3 If the imperfection is explored to the extent that it can be identified and the pipe or tube is determined to be fit for use, the material may be accepted without further test provid- ing the imperfection does not encroach on the minimum wall thickness. NOTE 2—When specified by the purchaser, a nondestructive electric test, in accordance with Practices E 213, E 426, or E 571, may be used for seamless tubes, instead of the hydrostatic tests. 6.6 Chemical Composition: 6.6.1 In case of disagreement, the chemical composition shall be determined in accordance with Table 3. 6.6.2 The material shall conform to the chemical require- ments prescribed in the individual specification. 6.6.3 The product (check) analysis of the material shall meet the requirements for the ladle analysis within the tolerance limits prescribed in B 880. 6.7 Tension Test: 6.7.1 Tension testing shall be conducted in accordance with Test Methods E 8. 6.7.2 The material shall conform to the tensile properties prescribed in the individual specification. 6.8 Hardness Test—Hardness testing shall be conducted in accordance with Test Methods E 18. 6.9 Grain Size—The measurement of average grain size may be carried out by the planimetric method, the comparison method, or the intercept method described in Test Methods E 112. In case of dispute, the “referee’’ method for determining average grain size shall be the intercept method. 6.10 For purposes of determining compliance with the specified limits for requirements of the properties listed in the following table, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded in accordance with the rounding method of Practice E 29: Requirements Rounded Unit for Observed or Calculated Value Chemical composition and tolerances nearest unit in the last right-hand place of fig- ures of the specified limit Tensile strength and yield strength nearest 1000 psi (7 MPa) Elongation nearest 1 % 7. Sampling 7.1 Lot—A lot for chemical analysis shall consist of one heat. 7.1.1 A lot for all other testing shall consist of all material from the same heat, nominal size (excepting length), and condition (temper). When final heat treatment is in a batch-type furnace, a lot shall include only those tubes of the same size and the same heat which are heat-treated in the same furnace charge. When the final heat treatment is in a continuous furnace, a lot shall include all tubes of the same size and heat, annealed in the same furnace at the same temperature, time at temperature, and furnace speed, except not to exceed 20 000 lb. 7.1.2 Where material cannot be identified by heat, a lot shall consist of not more than 500 lb (277 kg) of material of the same alloy in the same condition (temper) and nominal size (except- ing length). NOTE 3—For tension, hardness, flare flattening, and flange test require- ments, the term lot applies to all tubes prior to cutting. 7.2 Test Material Selection: 7.2.1 Chemical Analysis—Representative samples from each lot shall be taken during pouring or subsequent process- ing. 7.2.2 Mechanical and Other Properties— Samples of the material to provide test specimens for mechanical and other TABLE 3 Chemical Composition UNS No. Prefixes ASTM Method N02 E 39 N04 E 76 N06, N08 E 1473 B 751 3 properties shall be taken from such locations in each lot as to be representative of that lot. Test specimens shall be taken from material in the final condition (temper). 8. Retests and Retreatment 8.1 Retests—If the results of the mechanical tests of any group or lot do not conform to the requirements specified in the individual specification, retests may be made on additional tubes of double the original number from the same group or lot, each of which shall conform to the requirements specified. 8.2 Retreatment—If the individual tube or the tubes selected to represent any group or lot fail to conform to the test requirements, the individual tubes or the group or lot repre- sented may be reheat treated and resubmitted for test. Not more than two reheat treatments shall be permitted. 9. Specimen Preparation 9.1 Room Temperature Tensile Specimen— Material shall be tested in the direction of fabrication. Whenever possible, the tube shall be tested in full tubular size. When testing in full tubular size is not possible, longitudinal strip specimens or the largest possible round specimen shall be used. In the event of disagreement when full tubular testing is not possible, a longitudinal strip specimen with reduced gage length as contained in Test Methods E 8 shall be used. 9.2 Hardness Specimen—The hardness specimen shall be prepared in accordance with Test Methods E 18. The test shall be made on the inside diameter surface of a specimen cut from the end or on the inside of the tube near the end, at the option of the manufacturer. 9.3 Grain Size—If required, the grain size specimen shall be a transverse sample representing full wall thickness. 10. Inspection 10.1 Inspection of the material shall be agreed upon by the purchaser and the supplier as part of the purchase contract. 11. Rejection and Rehearing 11.1 Material tested by the purchaser that fails to conform to the requirements of this specification may be rejected. Rejec- tion should be reported to the producer or supplier promptly and in writing. In case of dissatisfaction with the results of the test, the producer or supplier may make claim for a rehearing. 12. Certification 12.1 When specified in the purchase order or contract, a manufacturer’s certification shall be furnished to the purchaser stating that the material has been manufactured, tested, and inspected in accordance with this specification, and that the test results on representative samples meet specification require- ments. When specified in the purchase order or contract, a report of the test results shall be furnished. 13. Product Marking 13.1 Material Marking: 13.1.1 The name or brand of the manufacturer, the name of the material or UNS number, the letters ASTM, the product specification number, heat number, class and nominal size shall be legibly marked on each piece 3⁄4 in. (19.0 mm) and over in outside diameter, provided the length is not under 3 ft (914 mm). The material marking shall be by any method that will not result in harmful contamination. 13.1.2 For material less than 3⁄4 in. (19.0 mm) in outside diameter and material under 3 ft (914 mm) in length, the information specified in 13.1.1 shall be either legibly marked on each piece or marked on a tag securely attached to the bundle or box in which the tube is shipped at the option of the manufacturer. 13.2 Packaging—The following information shall be marked on the material or included on the package, or on a label or tag attached thereto: The name of the material or UNS number, heat number, condition (temper), the letters ASTM, the product specification number, the size, gross, tare and net weight, consignor and consignee address, contract or order number, or such other information as may be defined by the contract or purchase order. 14. Keywords 14.1 welded tube The American Society for Testing and Materials takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentioned in this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility. This standard is subject to revision at any time