高考英语独立主格详细讲解

nullnull英语总复习语法专项训练独立主格结构 常见类型及其用法 null一、独立主格结构的构成形式 1、逻辑主语+V-ing 这种构成形式内部的逻辑主语是分词的动作执行者，分词表示的动作不是整句主语发出的动作，而是其逻辑主语发出的动作。如： 1).________no bus, we had to walk home. A.There being B.Being C.Having been D.There was 　　Anull2)_______no bus, we had to walk home. A.As there being B.As there was C.Being D.There was 3)_______Sunday, the library doesn't open. A.Being B.There being C.It being D.Having been 4)______Sunday, the library doesn't open. A.As it being B.Being C.It is D.As it is 　　 B C Dnull2、逻辑主语+V-ed 该构成形式内部的逻辑主语是分词的动作承受者。 1)_________, the train started. A.The signal given B.Giving the signal B.The signal being given D.The signal giving 2)__________, the train started. A.After having given the signal B.After the signal given C.Giving the signal D.After the signal was given A D null 3)______, the text became easier for us to learn. A.Explaining new words B.New words explained C.Being explained new words D.Having explained new words 4)____, the text became easier for us to learn. When new words were explained Explaining new words New words explaining Being explained new words BAnull3、逻辑主语+形容词（副词） 该结构相当于一个未带动词的“主—系—表”结构。如： 1)___________, the patient can leave the hospital. A.Better conditions B.Conditions better C.Conditions are better D.Being better conditions 2)_________, the patient can leave the hospital. A.If better conditions B.If conditions better C.If conditions are better D.Being better conditions BCnull3._____, we’d like to go outing. A.Being Sunday B.Sunday OK C.Sunday is OK D.If Sunday OK 4.______, we’d like to go outing. A.If Sunday is OK B.Sunday being OK C.Sunday OK D.A,B and C 5._____, you can wait a while. A.The play being still on B.The play still on C Being still on the play D.A and B BDDnull6._____, so you can wait a while A.The play is still on B.The play being still on C.As the play is still on D.The play still on 3).He left the office, _______. A.tears being in eyes B.tears in eyes C.being tears in eyes D.with tears being in eyes 4).He left the office _______. A.with tears being in eyes B.with tears in her eyes C.being tears in eyes D.tears being in eyes CBBnull二、独立主格结构在整句中可作以下成分： 1、原因状语 该结构在句中作原因状语时相当于一个原因状语从句。如： 1).________ no bus, we had to walk home. A.There being B.As there was C.There was D.A and B 2)._________Sunday, the library doesn't open. A.It being B.As it is C.Being D.A and B ADnull3._____, I had to ask for two days’ leave. A.Mother being ill B.Bother ill C.As mother was ill D. A,B and C 4.________, we have to work late into the night. A.The exam near B.The exam being near C.As the exam is near D. A,B and C DDnull2、时间状语 独立主格结构作时间状语时相当于一个由 when, as soon as, after等引导的时间状语 从句。如： 1.________, the train started. A.The signal given B.After the signal was given C.Given the signal D.A and B 2.________, the text became easier for us to learn. New words explained B.When new words were explained C.When teacher explained new words D.all the above DDnull3、条件状语 独立主格结构作条件状语时可以改为由if引导的条件状语从句。如： 1).________, we'll go to visit the Great Wall. A.Weather permitting B.If weather permits C.If permitting D.A and B 2.)_____, the patient will recover himself soon. A.If the treatment is in time B.The treatment in time C.The treatment being in time D.A,B and C DDnull 4、伴随状语 独立主格结构作伴随状语时相当于一个介词短语或并列谓语。如： 1).We have lessons every day, ________. A.Sunday included B.Sunday including C.Sunday is including D.all the above 2).The boy fell asleep,_________. A.cap on head B.with a cap on head C.a cap on was on head D. all the above AAnull 3.Father came home,_________ A.a dog following him B. followed by a dog C.being followed by a dog D.all the above ．Dnull分词、独立主格和“with + 复合宾语”作状语的区别 分词结构、独立主格结构、with + 复合宾语结构在句中均可作状语，其区别是这样的： 一、分词在句中作状语时句子的主语是分词的逻辑主语，即主句主语是分词的动作执行者（用现在分词）或动作承受者（用过去分词或现在分词被动式）。这种情况下的分词短语可以改为相应的状语从句或并列谓语。 null分词短语在句中常作以下状语： 1、原因状语 1._______late, we had to walk home. A.Being B.As we were C.We being D.A and B 2.______ busy, they had no time to play. A.As they were B.Being C.Because they were D.all the aboveDDnull2、时间状语 1._______ the students' homework, the teacher found a lot of mistakes. A.When he was correcting B.When he corrected C.Correcting D.all the above 2.________by your teachers, you are supposed to be modest. A.When you are praised B.Praised C.When praised D.all the above DDnull3、条件状语 1.______ more time, he is sure to finish his test paper. A.If he is given B.If given C.Given D.all the above 2._______ another chance, I'll do my job better. A.If I have B.If having C.Having D.all the above DDnull4、伴随状语 1.Father came back, _______ a bag of money on his left shoulder. A.carrying B.he was carrying C.and carrying D.all the above 2.Father came back, _______ by a monkey. A.and he was followed B.followed C.and was followed D.all the above DAnull二、独立主格结构和with + 复合宾语结构在句子中作状语时，这种结构内部的分词或介词短语的逻辑主语不是整句的主语，即主句主语与分词的逻辑主语不一致。如： 1.______, we’ll go fishing in the country. A.Permitting weather B.Weather permitted C.Weather permitting D.PermittingCnull2._________, he finished playing the game of chess. A.His eyes closing B.With his eyes closed C.Closing his eyes D.Closed his eyes 3.________, I couldn’t get the book I wanted. A.Closed B.Library closed C.Closing library D.With library closing BBnull三、使用分词短语、独立主格结构、with + 复合宾语结构分别在句子中作状语时要注意：它们与主句之间不应有从属连词（如when, if, as soon as, as, while等）或并列连词（如and, but, or, so等）。例如： 1._____ the teacher told the class to go through the text A.Checking the answers B.Checking the answers and C.When checking the answers and D.all the above Anull2._______a rainy day, so all the farmers had to stay inside. A.It being B.Being C.It was D.all the above 3.As______a little sick, he remained at the clinic. A.feeling B.he felt C.he felling D.all the above CBnull四、在使用独立主格结构、with +复合宾语结构、分词结构作句子的状语时，一定要看句子主语同这些结构的逻辑关系。 1、当句子主语与该状语内部动词之间有逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系时，该状语可用分词结构或从句表示。 1)______ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. A.Lost B.As he was lost C.He lost D.A and B Dnull2)._______for the bus at the stop, he suddenly caught sight of a thief. A.Waiting B.When he was waiting C.As he was waiting D.all the above 2、若句子主语与状语内动词之间不存在逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系且状语内有自已的逻辑主语。则该状语不能用分词结构，只能用独立主格结构、with +复合宾语结构或从句。如：Dnull1.The soldier fell asleep ________. A.with the candle burning B.burning the candle C.when he was burning the candle D.when burning the candle 2.________, the Tiananmen Square looks more beautiful. A.Being on B.When being on C.With all the lights on D.When it turns on all the lights ACnull3.____ the notice, he had an idea. A.When he was watching B.Watching C.When watching D.all the above 4.______ the notice, an idea came to his mind. A.When he was watching B.Watching C.When watching D.all the above   DAnullGood-bye!