提纲式作文
1. 对立观点式
A.有人认为 X 是好事,赞成 X, 为什么?
B. 有人认为 X 是坏事, 反对 X,为什么?
C.我的看法。
Some people are in favor of the idea of doing X. They
point out the fact that 支持 X 的第一个原因。They also
argue that 支持 X 的另一个原因。
However, other people stand on a different ground. They
consider it harmful to do X. They firmly point out that 反对
X 的第一个理由。 An example can give the details of this
argument: 一个例子。
There is some truth in both arguments. But I think the
advantages of X overweigh the disadvantages. In addition
to the above-mentioned negative effects it might bring
about, X also may X 的有一个坏处。
2. 批驳观点式
A.一个错误观点。
B. 我不同意。
Many people argue that 错误观点。By saying that, they
mean 对这个观点的进一步解释。An example they have
presented is that 一个例子。(According to a survey
performed by X on a group of Y, almost 80% of them 赞成
这个错误观点或者受到这个错误观点的影响)。
There might be some element of truth in these people’s
belief. But if we consider it in depth, we will feel no
reservation to conclude that 与错误观点相反的观点。There
are a number of reasons behind my belief. (以下参照辩论
文的议论文写法)。
3. 社会问题(现象)式
A.一个社会问题或者现象。
B. 产生的原因
C.对社会和我们生活的影响
D. 如何杜绝。(如果是问题的话)
E. 前景的预测。
Nowadays, there exists an increasingly serious
social/economic/environmental problem. (X has
increasingly become a common concern of the public).
According to a survey, 调查
内容
财务内部控制制度的内容财务内部控制制度的内容人员招聘与配置的内容项目成本控制的内容消防安全演练内容
说明这种现象的情况。(或
者是一个例子)。
There are a couple of reasons booming this
problem/phenomenon. 下面参照辩论式议论文的写法。
X has caused substantial impact on the society and our
daily life, which has been articulated(表达) in the following
aspects. 参照辩论式议论文的写法。
A dozen of measures are supposed to take to prevent X
from bringing us more harm. 参照辩论式议论文的写法。
Based on the above discussions, I can easily forecast that
more and more people will ……..
写作
模板
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——图表式作文
It is obvious in the graph/table that the
rate/number/amount of Y has undergone dramatic
changes. It has gone up/grown/fallen/dropped
considerably in recent years (as X varies). At the point of
(接近)X1, Y reaches its peak value of …(多少).
What is the reason for this change? Mainly there are …
(多少) reasons behind the situation reflected in the
graphic/table. First of all, …(第一个原因). More
importantly, …(第二个原因). Most important of all, …(第三
个原因).
From the above discussions, we have enough reason to
predict what will happen in the near future. The trend
described in the graph/table will continue for quite a long
time (if necessary measures are not taken括号里的使用于
那些不太好的变化趋势).
写作模板——辩论式议论文
模版 1
Some people believe (argue, recognize, think) that 观点
1. But other people take an opposite side. They firmly
believe that 观点 2. As for me, I agree to the former/latter
idea.
There are a dozen of reasons behind my belief. First of all,
论据 1.
More importantly, 论据 2.
Most important of all, 论据 3.
In summary, 总结观点. As a college student, I am
supposed to 表决心.
或 From above, we can predict that 预测.
模版 2
People hold different views about X. Some people are of
the opinion that 观点 1, while others point out that 观点 2.
As far as I am concerned, the former/latter opinion holds
more weight.
For one thing, 论据 1.
For another, 论据 2.
Last but not the least, 论据 3.
To conclude, 总结观点. As a college student, I am
supposed to 表决心.
或 From above, we can predict that 预测.
模版 3
There is no consensus [kən'sensəs] 一致 of opinions among
people about X(争论的焦点)。Some people are of the view
that 观点 1,while others take an opposite side, firmly
believing that 观点 2。As far as I am concerned, the
former/latter notion(观念) is preferable in many senses.
The reasons are obvious.
First of all, 论据 1。
Furthermore, 论据 2。
Among all of the supporting evidences, one is the
strongest. That is, 论据 3。
A natural conclusion from the above discussion is that总结
观点。
As a college student, I am supposed to 表决心.
或 From above, we can predict that 预测
常用句型:
1. 表示原因
1)There are three reasons for this.
2)The reasons for this are as follows.
3)The reason for this is obvious.
4)The reason for this is not far to seek.
5)The reason for this is that...
6)We have good reason to believe that...
例: There are three reasons for the changes that have
taken place in our life.Firstly,people’s living standard has
been greatly improved.Secondly,most people are well
paid, and they can afford what they need or like.Last but
not least,more and more people prefer to enjoy modern
life.
注:如考生写第一个句子没有把握,可将其改写成两个句子。
如:Great changes have taken place in our life. There are
three reasons for this.这样写可以避免套用中的表达失误。
2.表示好处
1)It has the following advantages.
2)It does us a lot of good.
3)It benefits us quite a lot.
4)It is beneficial to us.
5)It is of great benefit to us.
例: Books are like friends.They can help us know the
world better,and they can open our minds and widen our
horizons.Therefore,reading extensively is of great benefit
to us.
3.表示坏处
1)It has more disadvantages than advantages.
2)It does us much harm.
3)It is harmfulto us.
例: However,everything divides into two.Television
can also be harmful to us.It can do harm to our health and
make us lazy if we spend too much time watching televi-
sion.
4.表示重要、必要、困难、方便、可能
1)It is important(necessary,difficult,convenient,
possible)for sb.to do sth.
2)We think it necessary to do sth.
3)It plays an important role in our life.
例: Computers are now being used everywhere,
whether in the government , in schools or in
business.Soon, computers will be found in every home,
too.We have good reason to say that computers are
playing an increasingly important role in our life and we
have stepped into the Computer Age.
5.表示措施
1)We should take some effective measures.
2)We should try our best to overcome(conquer)the
difficulties.
3)We should do our utmost in doing sth.
4)We should solve the problems that we are
confronted(faced)with.
例: The housing problem that we are confronted with
is becoming more and more serious.Therefore,we must
take some effective measures to solve it.
6.表示变化
1)Some changes have taken place in the past five
years.
2)A great change will certainly be produced in the
world’s communications.
3)The computer has brought about(导致) many
changes in education.
例: Some changes have taken place in people’s diet
in the past five years.The major reasons for these
changes are not far to seek.Nowadays,more and more
people are switching from grain to meat for protein,and
from fruit and vegetable to milk for vitamins.
7.表示事实、现状
1)We cannot ignore the fact that...
2)No one can deny the fact that...
3)There is no denying the fact that...
4)This is a phenomenon that many people are interested
in.
5)However,that’s not the case.
例: We cannot ignore the fact that industrialization
brings with it the problems of pollution.To solve these
problems, we can start by educating the public about the
hazards(危害) of pollution.The government on its part
should also design stricter laws to promote a cleaner
environment.
8.表示比较
1)Compared with A,B...
2)I prefer to read rather than watch TV.
3)There is a striking contrast between them.
例: Compared with cars,bicycles have several
advantages besides being affordable.Firstly,they do not
consume natural resources of petrol(石油).Secondly,they
do not cause the pollution problem.Last but not least,they
contribute to people’s health by giving them due physical
exercise.
9.表示数量
1)It has increased(decreased)from...to...
2)The population in this city has now increased
(decreased)to 800,000.
3)The output of July in this factory increased by 15%
compared with that of January.
例: With the improvement of the living standard,the
proportion(比例) of people’s income spent on food has
decreased while that spent on education has increased.
再如: From the graph listed above,itcan be seen that
student use of computers has increased from an average
of less than two hours per week in 1990 to 20 hours in
2000.
注:“From the graph listed above,it can be seen that”
见句式 12。考生将句式 9和句式 12结合在一起,便可较好
地写出 2002年 6月 CET -4、6短文写作的第一段。
10.表示看法
1)People have( take,adopt,assume)different
attitudes towards sth.
2)People have different opinions on this problem.
3)People take different views of(on)the question.
4)Some people believe that...Others argue that...
例 : People have different attitudes towards
failure.Some believe that failure leads to success.
Every failure they experience translates into a greater
chance of success at their renewed endeavor.However,
others are easily discouraged by failures and put
themselves into the category(种类) of losers.
再如: Do lucky numbers really bring good luck?
Different people have different views on it.
注:一个段落有时很适宜以问句开始,考生应掌握这一
写作
方法
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。
11.表示
结论
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1)In short,it can be said that ...
2)It may be briefly summed up as follows.
3)From what has been mentioned above,we can
come to the conclusion that ...
例: From what has been mentioned above,we can
come to the conclusion that examination is necessary,
however, its method should be improved.
注:例句 1可用于任何一个段落的结论句;例句 3则多
用文章结论段的第一句。
12.套语
1)It’s well known to us that ...
2)As is known to us,...
3)This is a topic that is being widely talked about.
4)From the graph(table,chart)listed above,it can
be seen that ...
5)As a proverb(谚语) says,“Where there is a will,
there is a way.
例如: As is well known to us,it is important for the
students to know the world outside campus.
The reason for this is obvious.Nowadays,the society
is changing and developing rapidly,and the campus is no
longer an“ivory tower .As college students,we must get
in touch with the world outside the campus.Only in this
way can we adapt ourselves to the society quickly after we
graduate.
再如: Does it pay to be honest?This is a topic that is
being widely talked about and different people have
different opinions on it.