LaTeX Tips

LaTeX Tips Back to homepage LaTeX Tips Contents: ● Math ● Page Settings ● Slides ● Tables ● Figures ● Algorithms ● Bibliography ● PDF ● Fonts Math Compound math symbols To produce a compound math symbold, e.g., a right arrow with, e.g., the text 'Lemma 1.2' on top, use: $\stackrel{\mbox{\tiny Lemma 1.2}}{\Rightarrow}$ Another example: $\stackrel{def}{\equiv}$ Overbrace/Underbrace To have math with overbrace or underbrace, use: $\overbrace{x+y}^{sum}=\underbrace{x \cdot y}_{\mbox{product}}$ Multi-valued Functions http://www.eng.tau.ac.il/~gabriels/latextips.html（第 1／10 页）2008-5-29 10:19:17 LaTeX Tips To state a multi valued function, use: $$ z = \left\{ \begin{array}{ll} 1 & x >0 \\ 0 & \mbox{otherwise} \end{array} \right. $$ Equation arrays with (some) equation numbers The eqnarray environment produces a math-mode environment with an array of 3 columns aligned {rcl}. E.g. \begin{eqnarray} |O| & \leq & |O \setminus A| + |A| \leq \label{eq:start} \\ & \leq & |A| + |A| \leq \nonumber \\ & \leq & 2|A| \end{eqnarray} Notice the \nonumber on the second line which omits the number. If all lines should be number- less, you can use \begin{eqnarray*} instead of \begin{eqnarray}. Page Settings Fullpage In order to have text written on entire page, consider using the fullpage package, with the additional \addtolength{\voffset}{-1.0cm} \addtolength{\textheight}{3.5cm} Line Numbers In order to have line numbers on the output, consider using the (somewhat buggy, but pretty straightforward) lineno package. http://www.eng.tau.ac.il/~gabriels/latextips.html（第 2／10 页）2008-5-29 10:19:17 LaTeX Tips Put \linenumbers to have linenumbers run through the entire document, or \pagewiselinenumbers to have linenumbers reset to 1 at every page. Put either of these commands where you want the linenumbers to begin. Watermarks and 'draft' version In order to have a watermark sentence (e.g. ''Draft''), use the draftcopy package, with the additional parameters: \usepackage[...]{draftcopy} Where instead of [...] use a comma-separated list of parameters taken from the following: none Dont print DRAFT across any page first Print DRAFT across first page only firsttwo Print DRAFT across two first pages only all print DRAFT across all pages bottom print DRAFT on the bottom of all pages bottomafter print DRAFT on the bottom of all pages following the ones who have DRAFT across light print DRAFT in light gray dark print DRAFT in dark gray In order to choose the sentence printed (instead of DRAFT), use the command \draftcopyName{...}{...} where the first argument is the sentence to be printed, and the second argument is the scaling factor (start from about 50). This command should appear before the \begin{document} command. Slides printing slides k-up To print slides in k-up, use the unix command psnup -r -k presentation.ps presentation_k.ps http://www.eng.tau.ac.il/~gabriels/latextips.html（第 3／10 页）2008-5-29 10:19:17 LaTeX Tips Tables vertical spacing - space between rows To adjust the vertical space between rows, i.e. - increase the space between the text and the top/bottom \hline commands, put the following in the preamble: % Adds a space between the text and the [T]op \hline \newcommand\T{\rule{0pt}{3.1ex}} % Adds a space between the text and the [B]ottom \hline \newcommand\B{\rule[-1.7ex]{0pt}{0pt}} one can then use \T and/or \B inside a cell in the row, i.e. after some text in the row, to get extra space between the text and the \hline. These commands will not work if placed between rows. E.g. \begin{tabular}{ll} \hline % \T and \B would not work if it is placed here (needs to go inside cell) Col1 \T \B & Col2 \\ \hline $\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}$ \T & more space from top \verb+\hline+ \\ $\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}$ & no added space \\ $\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}$ \B & more space from bottom \verb+\hline+ \\ \hline \end{tabular} and \begin{tabular}{ll} \hline Col1 & Col2 \\ \hline $\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}$ & no extra space from top \verb+\hline+ \\ $\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}$ & no added space \\ $\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}$ & no extra space from bottom \verb+\hline+ \\ \hline \end{tabular} http://www.eng.tau.ac.il/~gabriels/latextips.html（第 4／10 页）2008-5-29 10:19:17 LaTeX Tips Figures Images with math (via xfig) To create images using xfig with math text, do the following: In xfig: ● Choose text, and make sure the following settings are set: m Under Text Flags in the bottom, make sure the Special Flag is Special (and not Normal). This can be automated by using the flag -specialtext -latexfonts -startlatexFont default when invoking xfig. m In Pen Color, make sure the color is Default (and not Black which is usually the case when you start xfig). ● Write the text you like. If you want to write in math mode, make sure to write things between \$'s. ● Save the image as .fig file. ● Export the image to both .pstex and .pstex_t. In new versions of xfig this is done automatically by choosing Combined PS/LaTeX (both parts). Afterwards: ● Make sure the two generated files are in your working directory. ● Use the graphics package. ● Use the following code to insert a figure named fig.pstex_t, with a scaling factor 0.5 \begin{figure}[h] \begin{center} \scalebox{0.5}{\input{fig1.pstex_t}} \caption{This is figure 1} \label{fig:fig1} \end{center} \end{figure} Inserting an .eps figure \documentclass{article} http://www.eng.tau.ac.il/~gabriels/latextips.html（第 5／10 页）2008-5-29 10:19:17 LaTeX Tips \usepackage{pstricks} \usepackage{pst-plot} \usepackage{epsfig} \begin{document} \begin{figure}[h] \centerline{ \epsfig{file=epsfig.eps, scale=0.5} } \caption{Some EPS figure} \label{fig:fig1} \end{figure} \end{document} Converting PStricks/pstex_t to EPS Assuing the pstricks-figure/pstex_t is in file figfile, use a latex file (say, texfigfile.tex) containing: \documentclass{article} \usepackage{pstricks} \usepackage{pst-plot} \usepackage{epsfig} \begin{document} \thispagestyle{empty} % omits page numbers. \input{figfile} \end{document} The \thispagestyle{empty} is necessary for the bounding box to be defined properly by dvips. Then do latex texfigfile.tex dvips texfigfile.dvi -E Note: the generated file might be a .ps file. However, one can still insert it like any other .eps figure. Images with pdflatex Converting images to .pdf When using pdflatex, images should be converted to .pdf. ● Converting .eps to .pdf: http://www.eng.tau.ac.il/~gabriels/latextips.html（第 6／10 页）2008-5-29 10:19:17 LaTeX Tips use epstopdf. Note that you might need to adjust the bounding box of the .eps file before performing the epstopdf. This can be done manually by opening the .eps file in GhostView, checking the coordinates of the lower-left and upper-right boundries of the actual figure, opening the . eps file in any text editor, and changing the bounding box to the correct coordinates. ● Converting .pstex_t and .pstex directly to .pdf: use the UNIX script pstex2pdf defined by: #!/bin/csh echo "epstopdf $1.pstex" epstopdf $1.pstex perl -p -i -e "s/.pstex//;" $1.pstex_t Inserting an image One should add to the preamble \usepackage{epsfig} \usepackage{graphics} To insert an image, named e.g. pdffig.pdf, use: \begin{figure}[h] \centerline{ \includegraphics[scale=0.5]{pdffig} } \caption{Some caption} \label{fig:pdffig1} \end{figure} Note that the 'original' files, i.e., the .pstex_t|.pstex|.eps files, should be present in the working directory as well. pstex missing When using the Combined PS/LaTeX format in exporting from xfig, two files are generated: [figname].pstex - contains the graphical information. This is basically an .eps file. [figname].pstex_t - contains the latex text information. http://www.eng.tau.ac.il/~gabriels/latextips.html（第 7／10 页）2008-5-29 10:19:17 LaTeX Tips The [figname].pstex_t file uses \includegraphics{[figname].pstex} to include the graphical info. When compiling from different directories, it is important to make sure that right path appears in the \includegraphics command, namely, that it has the form \includegraphics{PATH/[figname]. pstex} Algorithms General use To use the algorithm environment, use the packages \usepackage{algorithm} \usepackage{algpseudocode} An example of an algorithm is given by: \begin{algorithm}{} \caption{MyAlgorithmName (...arguments...)} \label{alg:myalgorithmname} \begin{algorithmic}[1] \For{all ...} \State do ... \EndFor \State return ... \end{algorithmic} \end{algorithm} Changing the type of caption Sometimes one wants to use the algorithm environment so that instead of Algorithm, one has a different caption, e.g. Protocol, Heuristic, etc. To do this, use the line \floatname{algorithm}{[New Name]} just before the algorithm code. E.g., to produce a Protocol, use \floatname{algorithm}{Protocol} \begin{algorithm}{} \caption{MyProtocolName (...arguments...)} \label{alg:myprotocolname} http://www.eng.tau.ac.il/~gabriels/latextips.html（第 8／10 页）2008-5-29 10:19:17 LaTeX Tips \begin{algorithmic}[1] ... \end{algorithmic} \end{algorithm} Bibliography Using a BibTeX file To insert the bibliography from a .bib file (e.g. mybib.bib), add the commands \bibliographystyle{plain} \bibliography{mybib} For different styles, see http://www.cs.stir.ac.uk/~kjt/software/latex/showbst.html Producing all entries in the .bib file To produce the list of all entries in the .bib file, add the command \nocite{*} just before the \bibliography{mybib} command, where the bibliography file is mybib.bib. PDF From .tex to A4 .pdf To produce a pdf for paper size A4, make sure the \documentclass command is defined properly, e.g., \documentclass[a4paper,11pt]{article} Use dvips with the switch -G0 -Ppdf -t A4Size http://www.eng.tau.ac.il/~gabriels/latextips.html（第 9／10 页）2008-5-29 10:19:17 LaTeX Tips followed by ps2pdf with the switch -sPAPERSIZE=a4 This solves the problem of having incorrect header/footer margins. Fonts User Defined Font Size Sometimes, the predefined \normalsize, \small, \huge, etc., font sizes do not suffice. To produce a userdefined font size one can use the command: \newcommand{\myfontsize}{\fontsize{9}{11}\selectfont} where the first argument gives the height of the font (in pt), and the second argument gives the height of the line (in pt). E.g., the above \myfontsize produces a fontsize that is between \small and \tiny. http://www.eng.tau.ac.il/~gabriels/latextips.html（第 10／10 页）2008-5-29 10:19:17 www.eng.tau.ac.il LaTeX Tips