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培根随笔英文版CONTENT00TotheRightHonourablemyverygoodlordtheDukeofBuckinghamhisGrace,LordHighAdmiralofEngland01OfTruth02OfDeath03OfUnityinReligion04OfRevenge05OfAdversity06OfSimulation&Dissimulation07OfParents&Children08OfMarriage&SingleLife09OfEnvy10OfLove11OfG...

CONTENT00TotheRightHonourablemyverygoodlordtheDukeofBuckinghamhisGrace,LordHighAdmiralofEngland01OfTruth02OfDeath03OfUnityinReligion04OfRevenge05OfAdversity06OfSimulation&Dissimulation07OfParents&Children08OfMarriage&SingleLife09OfEnvy10OfLove11OfGreatPlace12OfBoldness13OfGoodness,&GoodnessofNature14OfNobility15OfSeditions&Troubles16OfAtheism17OfSuperstition18OfTravel19OfEmpire20OfCounsel21OfDelays22OfCunning23OfWisdomforaMan\'sSelf24OfInnovations25OfDispatch26OfSeemingWise27OfFriendship28OfExpense29OftheTrueGreatnessofKingdoms&Estates30OfRegimentofHealth31OfSuspicion32OfSuspicion33OfPlantations34OfPlantations35OfProphecies36OfAmbition37OfMasques&Triumphs38OfNatureinMen39OfCustom&Education40OfFortune41OfUsury42OfYouth&Age43OfBeauty44OfDeformity45OfBuilding46OfGardens47OfNegotiating48OfFollowers&Friends49OfSuitors50OfStudies51OfFaction52OfCeremonies&Respects53OfPrcdse54OfVainglory55OfHonour&Reputation56OfJudicature57OfAnger58OfVicissitudeofThingsTotheRightHonourablemyverygoodlordtheDukeofBuckinghamhisGrace,LordHighAdmiralofEnglandEXCELLENTLORD-Solomonsays;agoodnameisasapreciousointment;andIassuremyself,suchwillyourGrace\'snamebe,withposterity.Foryourfortune,andmeritboth,havebeeneminentAndyouhaveplantedthings,thatareliketolastIdonowpublishmyessays;which,ofallmyotherworks,havebeenmostcurrent:forthat,asitseems,theycomehome,tomen\'sbusiness,andbosoms.Ihaveenlargedthem,bothinnumber,andweight;sothattheyareindeedanewwork.Ithoughtitthereforeagreeable,tomyaffection,andobligationtoyourGrace,toprefixyournamebeforethem,bothinEnglish,andinLatin.ForIdoconceive,(hattheLatinvolumeofthem(beingintheuniversallanguage)maylast,aslongasbookslastMyInstauation,IdedicatedtotheKing:myHistoryofHenrytheSeventh(whichIhavenowalsotranslatedintoLatin)andmyportionsofNaturalHistory,tothePrince:andtheseIdedicatetoyourGrace;beingofthebestfruits,thatbythegoodincrease,whichGodgivestomypenandlabours,Icouldyield.GodleadyourGracebythehand.YourGrace\'smostobligedandfaithfulservant¡£1OfTruthWhatistruth;saidjestingPilate;andwouldnotstayforananswer.Certainlytherebe,thatdelightingiddiness;andcountitabondage,tofixabelief,affectingfree-willinthinking,aswellasinacting.Andthoughthesectsofphilosophersofthatkindbegone,yetthereremaincertaindiscoursingwits,whichareofthesameveins,thoughtherebenotsomuchbloodinthem,aswasinthoseoftheancients.Butitisnotonlythedifficulty,andlabour,whichmentakeinfindingoutoftruth;noragain,matwhenitisfound,itimposethuponmensthoughts;thatdothbringliesinfavour:butanatural,thoughcorruptlove,ofthelieitself.OneofthelaterschoolofmeGrecians,examineththematter,andisatastand,tothinkwhatshouldbeinit,matmenshouldlovelies;whereneithertheymakeforpleasure,aswithpoets;norforadvantage,aswithmemerchant;butforthelie\'ssake.ButIcannottell:thissametruth,isanaked,andopendaylight,matdothnotshow,themasques,andmummeries,andtriumphsoftheworld,halfsostately,anddaintily,ascandlelights.Truthmayperhapscometothepriceofapearl,thatshowethbestbyday:butitwillnotrise,tomepriceofadiamond,orcarbuncle,thatshowethbestinvariedlights.Amixtureofaliedotheveraddpleasure.Dothanymandoubt,matifthereweretakenoutofmensminds,vainopinions,natteringhopes,falsevaluations,imaginationsasonewould,andthelike;butitwouldleavetheminds,ofanumberofmen,poorshrunkenthings;fullofmelancholy,andindisposition,andunpleasingtothemselves?Oneofthefathers,ingreatseverity,calledpoesy,vinumdaenwnwn;becauseitfilleththeimagination,andyetitis,butwithmeshadowofalie.Butitisnotmelie,thatpasseththroughthemind,butmeliematsinkethin,andsettlethinit,thatdothmehurt,suchaswespakeofbefore.Buthowsoeverthesethingsarcthus,inmen\'sdepravedjudgements,andaffections,yettruth,whichonlydothjudgeitself,teacheth,thattheinquiryoftruth,whichisthelove-making,orwooingofit;theknowledgeoftruth,whichisthepresenceofit;andthebeliefoftruth,whichistheenjoyingofit;isthesovereigngoodofhumannature.ThefirstcreatureofGod,intheworksofthedays,wasthelightofthesense;thelast,wasthelightofreason;andhisSabbathwork,eversince,istheilluminationofhisspiritFirsthebreathedlight,upontheface,ofthematterorchaos;thenhebreathedlight,intothefaceofman;andstillhebreathethandinspirethlight,intothefaceofhischosen.Thepoet,thatbeautifiedthesect,thatwasotherwiseinferiortotherest,saithyetexcellentlywell:\'Itisapleasuretostandupontheshore,andtoseeshipstosseduponthesea:apleasuretostandinthewindowofacastle,andtoseeabattle,andtheadventuresthereof,below:butnopleasureiscomparable,tothestanding,uponthevantagegroundoftruth:\'(ahillnottobecommanded,andwheretheairisalwaysclearandserene;)\'andtoseetheerrors,andwanderings,andmists,andtempests,inthevalebelow:\'soalways,thatthisprospect,bewithpity,andnotwithswelling,orpride.Certainly,itisheavenuponearth,tohaveaman\'smindmoveincharity,restinprovidence,andturnuponthepolesoftruth.Topassfromtheological,andphilosophicaltruth,tothetruthofcivilbusiness;itwillbeacknowledged,evenbythosematpractiseitnot,thatclearandrounddealingisthehonourofman\'snature;andthatmixtureoffalsehood,islikeallayincoinofgoldandsilver,whichmaymakethemetalworkthebetter,butitembasethitForthesewindingandcrookedcourses,arethegoingsoftheserpent;whichgoethbaselyuponthebelly,andnotuponthefeetThereisnovice,thatdothsocoveramanwithshame,astobefoundfalse,andperfidious.AndthereforeMountaignysaithprettily,whenheenquiredthereason,whythewordofthelieshouldbesuchadisgrace,andsuchanodiouscharge?saithhe,\'Ifitbewellweighed,tolaythatamanlieth,isasmuchtosay,asmatheisbravetowardsGod,andacowardtowardsmen.\'ForaliefacesGod,andshrinksfromman.Surelythewickednessoffalsehoods,andbreachoffaith,cannotpossiblybesohighlyexpressed,asinmatitshallbethelastpeal,tocallthejudgementsofGoduponthegenerationsofmen,itbeingforetold,thatwhenChristcometh.Heshallnotfindfaithupontheearth.2OfDeathMenfeardeath,aschildrenfeartogointhedark:andasthatnaturalfearinchildrenisincreasedwithtales,soistheother.Certainly,thecontemplationofdeath,asthewagesofsin,andpassagetoanotherworld,isholyandreligious;butthefearofit,asatributedueuntonature,isweak.Yetinreligiousmeditations,thereissometimesmixtureofvanity,andofsuperstition.Youshallread,insomeofthefriars\'booksofmortifications,thatamanshouldthinkwithhimself,whatthepainis,ifhehavebuthisfinger\'sendpressed,ortortured;andtherebyimagine,whatthepainsofdeathare,whenthewholebodyiscorruptedanddissolved;whenmanytimes,deathpassethwithlesspain,thenthetortureofalimb:forthemostvitalpartsarenotthequickestofsense.Andbyhim,thatspokeonlyasaphilosopherandnaturalman,itwaswellsaid;pompamortismagisterret,quammarsipsa.Groansandconvulsions,andadiscolouredface,andfriendsweeping,andblacks,andobsequies,andthelike,showdeathterrible.Itisworthytheobserving,thatthereisnopassioninthemindofmansoweak,butitmates,andmasters,thefearofdeath:andthereforedeathisnosuchterribleenemy,whenamanhathsomanyattendantsabouthimthatcanwinthecombatofhim.Revengetriumphsoverdeath;loveslightsit;honouraspirethtoit;grieffliethtoit;fearpreoccupiethit;nayweread,afterOthotheEmperorhadslainhimself,pity(whichisthetenderestofaffections)provokedmanytodie,outofmerecompassiontotheirsovereign,andasthetruestsortoffollowers.Nay,Senecaaddsnicenessandsatiety;cogitaquarndiu.eademfeceris;morivelle,nontantunfortis,outmiser,sedetiamfastidiosuspotest.Amanwoulddie,thoughhewereneithervaliant,normiserable,onlyuponawearinesstodothesamething,sooftoverandover.Itisnolessworthytoobserve,howlittlealteration,ingoodspirits,dieapproachesofdeathmake;fortheyappeartobethesamemen,tillthelastinstantAugustusCaesardiedinacompliment;Livia,coniugiinostrimemor,viveetvale.Tiberiusindissimulation;asTacitussaithofhim;mmTiberiumvires,etcorpus,nondissimulatio,deserebant.Vespasianinajest;sittinguponthestool,utputodeusfio.Galbawithasentence;feri\',siexresitpopuliRomani,holdingforthhisneck.SeptimiusSeverusindispatch;adeste,siquidmihirestatagendum.Andthelike.Certainly,theStoicsbestowedtoomuchcostupondeath,andbytheirgreatpreparations,madeitappearmorefearful.Bettersaithhe,quifinemvitaeextremismintermuneraponatnaturae.Itisasnaturaltodie,astobeborn;andtoalittleinfant,perhaps,theoneisaspainfulastheother.Hethatdiesinanearnestpursuit,islikeonethatiswoundedinhotblood;who,forthetime,scarcefeelsthehurt;andtherefore,amindfixed,andbentuponsomewhatthatisgood,dothavertmedoloursofdeath:butaboveall,believeit,thesweetestcanticleis,mincdifmittis;whenamanhathobtainedworthyends,andexpectations.Deathhaththisalso;thatitopeneththegatetogoodfame,andextinguishethenvy.-exstinctusamabituridem.3OfUnityinReligionReligionbeingthechiefbandofhumansociety,itisahappything,whenitselfiswellcontainedwithinthetruebandofunity.Thequarrels,anddivisionsaboutreligion,wereevilsunknowntotheheathen.Thereasonwas,becausethereligionoftheheathenconsistedratherinritesandceremoniesthaninanyconstantbelief.Foryoumayimagine,whatkindoffaiththeirswas,whenthechiefdoctors,andfathersoftheirchurch,werethepoets.ButthetrueGodhaulthisattribute,thatheisajealousGod;andtherefore,hisworshipandreligionwillendurenomixture,norpartner.Weshallthereforespeakafewwords,concerningtheunityofthechurch;whatarethefruitsthereof;whatthebounds;andwhatmeans?Thefruitsofunity(nextuntothewellpleasingofGod,whichisallinall)aretwo;meone,towardsthosethatarewithoutthechurch;theother,towardsthosethatarewithin.Fortheformer,itiscertain,thatheresies,andschismsareofallothersthegreatestscandals;yeamorethancorruptionofmanners.Forasinthenaturalbody,awoundorsolutionofcontinuityisworsethanacorrupthumour,sointhespiritual.Sothatnothing,dothsomuchkeepmenoutofthechurch,anddrivemenoutofthechurch,asbreachofunity:andtherefore,whensoeveritcomethtothatpass,thatonesaith,ecceindeserto;anothersaith,ecceinpenetralibus;thatis,whensomemenseekChristintheconventiclesofheretics,andothersinanoutwardfaceofachurch,thatvoicehadneedcontinuallytosoundinmen\'sears,noliteexire,gonotout.Thedoctorofthegentiles(theproprietyofwhosevocationdrewhimtohaveaspecialcareofthosewithout)saith:Ifanheathencomeinandhearyouspeakwithseveraltongueswillhenotsaythatyouaremad?Andcertainly,itislimebetterwhenatheists,andprofanepersons,dohearofsomanydiscordantandcontraryopinionsinreligion;itdothavertthemfromthechurch,andmakeththemtositdowninthechairofthescorners.Itisbutalightthing,tobevouchedinsoseriousamatter,butyetitexpressed!wellthedeformity.Thereisamasterofscoffing,thatinhiscatalogueofbooks,ofafeignedlibrary,setsdownthistitleofabook:themomsdanceofheretics.Forindeed,everysectofthemhathadiverseposture,orcringebythemselves,whichcannotbutmovederisioninworldlings,anddepravedpolitics,whoareapttocontemnholythings.Asforthefruittowardsthosethatarewithin;itispeace;whichcontaineinfiniteblessings:itestablishethfaith;itkindlethcharity;theoutwardpeaceofthechurchdistillethintopeaceofconscience;anditturneththelaboursofwriting,andreadingofcontroversies,intotreatiesofmortification,anddevotion.Concerningtheboundsofunity;thetrueplacingofthemimportethexceedingly.Thereappeartobetwoextremes.Fortocertainzealantsallspeechofpacificationisodious.Isitpeace,Jehu?Whathastthoutodowithpeace?Turntheebehindme.Peaceisnotthematter,butfollowingandparty.Contrariwise,certainLaodiceans,andlukewarmpersons,thinktheymayaccommodatepointsofreligionbymiddleways,andtakingpartofboth;andwittyreconcilements;asiftheywouldmakeanarbitrement,betweenGodandman.Boththeseextremesaretobeavoided;whichwillbedone,iftheleagueofChristians,pennedbyoursaviourhimself,wereinthetwocrossclausesthereofsoundlyandplainlyexpounded;hethatisnotwithus,isagainstus;andagain,hethatisnotagainstusiswithus:thatis,ifthepointsfundamentalandofsubstanceinreligionweretrulydiscernedanddistinguishedfrompointsnotmerelyoffaith,butofopinion,order,orgoodintention.Thisisathingmayseemtomanyamattertrivial,anddonealready:butifitweredonelesspartially,itwouldbeembracedmoregenerally.OfthisImaygiveonlythisadvice,accordingtomysmallmodel.Menoughttotakeheed,ofrendingGod\'schurch,bytwokindsofcontroversies.Theoneis,whenthematterofmepointcontrovertedistoosmallandlight,notworththeheatandstrifeaboutit,kindledonlybycontradiction.For,asitisnotedbyoneofthefathers;\'Christ\'scoat,indeed,hadnoseam:butthechurch\'svesturewasofdiverscolours;\'whereuponhesaith,investevarietassit,scissuranonsit;theybetwothings,unity,anduniformity.Theotheris,whenthematterofthepointcontrovertedisgreat,butitisdriventoanover-greatsubtlety,andobscurity;sothatitbecomethathing,ratheringenious,thensubstantial.Amanthatisofjudgementandunderstanding,shallsometimeshearignorantmendifferandknowwellwithinhimself,matthosewhichsodiffer,meanonething,andyettheythemselveswouldneveragree.Andifitcomesotopass,inthatdistanceofjudgementwhichisbetweenmanandman,shallwenotthink,thatGodabove,thatknowstheheart,dothnotdiscernthatfrailmen,insomeoftheircontradictions,intendthesamething,andacceptethofboth?ThenatureofsuchcontroversiesisexcellentlyexpressedbyStPaul,inthewarningandpreceptthathegivethconcerningthesame,devitaprofanasvocumnovitates,etoppositionesfalsinominisscientiae.Mencreateoppositions,whicharenot;andputthemintonewterms,sofixed,aswhereasthemeaningoughttogoverntheterm,thetermineffectgovemeththemeaning.Therebealsotwofalsepeaces,orunities;theone,whenthepeaceisgrounded,butuponanimplicitignorance;forallcolourswillagreeinthedark:meother,whenitispiecedup,uponadirectadmissionofcontraries,infundamentalpoints.Fortruthandfalsehood,insuchthings,areliketheironandclayinthetoesofebucadnezzar\'simage;theymaycleave,buttheywillnotincorporate.Concerningthemeansofprocuringunity;menmustbewarethatintheprocuring,ormuniting,ofreligiousunity,theydonotdissolveanddefacethelawsofcharity,andofhumansociety.TherebetwoswordsamongstChristians,thespiritual,andtemporal;andbothhavetheirdueoffice,andplace,inthemaintenanceofreligion.Butwemaynottakeupthethirdsword,whichisMohammed\'ssword,orlikeuntoit;thatis,topropagatereligionbywars,orbysanguinaryprosecutions,toforceconsciences;exceptitbeincasesofovertscandal,blasphemy,orintermixtureofpracticeagainstthestate;muchlesstonourishseditions;toauthoriseconspiraciesandrebellions;toputtheswordintothepeople\'shands;andthelike;tendingtothesubversionofallgovernment,whichistheordinanceofGod.Forthisisbuttodashthefirsttableagainstthesecond;andsotoconsidermenasChristians,asweforgetthattheyaremen.Lucretiusthepoet,whenhebeheldtheactofAgamemnon,thatcouldendurethesacrificingofhisowndaughter,exclaimed;tantumreligiopotuitsuaderemalorum.Whatwouldhehavesaid,ifhehadknownofthemassacreinFrance,orthepowdertreasonofEngland?hewouldhavebeenseventimesmoreepicureandatheist,thanhewas.Forasthetemporalswordistobedrawnwithgreatcircumspection,incasesofreligion;soitisathingmonstrous,toputitintothehandsofthecommonpeople.LetthatbeleftuntotheAnabaptists,andotherfuries.Itwasgreatblasphemy,whenthedevilsaid;Iwillascend,andbelikethehighest;butitisgreaterblasphemy,topersonateGod,andbringhiminsaying;Iwilldescend,andbelikethePrinceofDarkness;andwhat,isitbetter,tomakethecauseofreligiontodescendtothecruelandexecrableactionsofmurderingprinces,butcheryofpeople,andsubversionofstates,andgovernments?Surely,thisistobringdowntheholyghost,insteadofthelikenessofadove,intheshapeofavulture,orraven:andtoset,outofthebarkofaChristianchurch,aflagofabarqueofpirates,andassassins.Thereforeitismostnecessary,thatthechurchbydoctrineanddecree;princesbytheirsword;andalllearnings,bothChristianandmoral,asbytheirmercuryrod;dodamnandsendtoHell,forever,thosefactsandopinions,tendingtothesupportofmesame;ashathbeenalreadyingoodpartdone.Surelyincounselsconcerningreligion,thatcounseloftheapostlewouldbeprefixed;irahominisnonimpletjustitiamdei.Anditwasanotableobservation,ofawisefather,andnolessingenuouslyconfessed;thatthose,whichheldandpersuadedpressureofconscienceswerecommonlyinterestedtherein,themselves,fortheirownends.http://www.eshunet.com/4OfRevengeRevengeisakindofwildjustice;whichthemoreman\'snaturerunsto,themoreoughtlawtoweeditoutForasforthefirstwrong,itdothbutoffendthelaw;buttherevengeofthatwrong,putteththelawoutofoffice.Certainly,intakingrevenge,amanisbutevenwithhisenemy;butinpassingitover,heissuperior:foritisaprince\'sparttopardon.AndSolomon,Iamsure,saith,Itisthegloryofamantopassbyanoffence.Thatwhichispast,isgone,andirrevocable;andwisemenhaveenoughtodo,withthingspresent,andtocome:therefore,theydobuttriflewiththemselves,thatlabourinpastmatters.Thereisnomandothawrong,forthewrong\'ssake;buttherebytopurchasehimselfprofit,orpleasure,orhonour,orthelike.ThereforewhyshouldIbeangrywithaman,forlovinghimselfbetterthanme?Andifanymanshoulddowrong,merelyoutofillnature,why,yetitisbutlikethethorn,orbriar,whichprick,andscratch,becausetheycandonoother.Themosttolerablesortofrevenge,isforthosewrongswhichthereisnolawtoremedy:butthen,letamantakeheedtherevengebesuchasthereisnolawtopunish:else,aman\'senemyisstillbeforehand,anditistwoforone.Some,whentheytakerevenge,aredesirousthepartyshouldknowwhenceitcometh:thisisthemoregenerous.Forthedelightseemethtobe,notsomuchindoingthehurt,asinmakingthepartyrepent:butbaseandcraftycowardsarelikethearrowthatfliethinthedark.Cosmus,DukeofFlorence,hadadesperatesaying,againstperfidiousorneglectingfriends,asifthosewrongswereunpardonable:Youshallread(saithhe)matwearecommandedtoforgiveourenemies;butyouneverread,thatwearecommandedtoforgiveourfriends.ButyetthespiritofJob,wasinabettertune;Shallwe(saithhe)takegoodatGod\'shands,andnotbecontenttotakeevilalso?Andsooffriendsinaproportion.Thisiscertain;thatamanthatstudiethrevenge,keepshisownwoundsgreen,whichotherwisewouldheal,anddowell.Publicrevenges,are,forthemostpart,fortunate;asthatforthedeathofCaesar,forthedeathofPertinax;forthedeathofHenrytheThirdofFrance;andmanymore.Butinprivaterevengesitisnotso.Nayrather,vindictivepersonslivethelifeofwitches;whoastheyaremischievous,soendtheyunfortunate.5OfAdversityItwasanhighspeechofSeneca(afterthemanneroftheStoics)thatthegoodthingswhichbelongtoprosperityaretobewished;butthegoodthingsthatbelongtoadversityaretobeadmired.Bonarerumsecudarumoptabilia;adversarummirabilia.Certainlyifmiraclesbethecommandovernature,theyappearmostinadversity.Itisyetahigherspeechofhisthantheother(muchtoohighforaheathen):ItistruegreatnesstohaveinonethefragilityofamanandthesecurityofaGod.Veremagnumhaberefragilitatermhominissecuritatemda.Thiswouldhavedonebetterinpoesy;wheretranscendenciesaremoreallowed.Andthepoetsindeed,havebeenbusywithit;foritis,ineffect,thethingwhichisfiguredinthatstrangefictionoftheancientpoets,whichseemethnottobewithoutmystery;nay,andtohavesomeapproachtothestateofaChristian:thatHerculeswhenhewenttounbindPrometheus(bywhomhumannatureisrepresented)sailedthelengthofthegreatoceaninanearthenpotorpitcher:livelydescribingChristianresolution;thatsaileth,inthefrailbarqueoftheflesh,throughthewavesoftheworld.Buttospeakinamean.Thevirtueofprosperityistemperance;thevirtueofadversityisfortitude:whichinmoralsisthemoreheroicalvirtue.ProsperityistheblessingoftheOldTestament;adversityistheblessingoftheNew;whichcarrieththegreaterbenediction,andtheclearerrevelationofGod\'sfavour.Yet,evenintheOldTestament,ifyoulistentoDavid\'sharp,youshallhearasmanyhearselikeairs,ascarols:andthepenciloftheHolyGhosthathlabouredmore,indescribingtheafflictionsofJob,thanthefelicitiesofSolomon.Prosperityisnotwithoutmanyfearsanddistastes;andadversityisnotwithoutcomfortsandhopes.Weseeinneedlework,andembroideries,itismorepleasingtohavealivelyworkuponasadandsolemnground,thantohaveadarkandmelancholywork,uponalightsomeground:judgetherefore,ofthepleasureoftheheart,bythepleasureoftheeye.Certainly,virtueislikepreciousodours,mostfragrantwhentheyareincensed,orcrushed:forprosperitydothbestdiscovervice;butadversitydothbestdiscovervirtue.6OfSimulation&DissimulationDissimulationisbutafaintkindofpolicy,orwisdom;foritaskethastrongwit,andastrongheart,toknowwhentotelltruth,andtodoitThereforeitismeweakersortofpolitics,thatarethegreatdissemblers.Tacitussaith;Liviasortedwell,withtheartsofherhusband,anddissimulationofherson:attributingartsorpolicytoAugustus,anddissimulationtoTiberius.Andagain,whenLucianusencouragethVespasian,totakearmsagainstVitellius,hesaith;Werisenot,againstthepiercingjudgmentofAugustus,northeextremecautionorclosenessofTiberius.Theseprope
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