Durum Quality Parameters for Pasta Production

nullnullDurum Quality Parameters for Pasta Production: Primary Factors for Consideration Characteristics of Durum Wheats Compared to Common Bread WheatsCharacteristics of Durum Wheats Compared to Common Bread WheatsSeparate species (Triticum turgidum) Tetraploid (28 chromosomes) vs. other wheats hexaploid (42 chromosomes) Larger kernels Vitreous kernels Hardest of all wheat classes Amber in color High hectoliter weight and 1000 kernel weight Endosperm has high concentration of xanthophyll pigments Semolina has bright amber colorhttp://www.tjshiqiu.com 高压油管 金属软管 液压接头 http://www.u51688.com http://www.qiwhy.comUsage of Durum WheatUsage of Durum WheatPasta Products Couscous Certain Types of BreadAspects of Wheat QualityAspects of Wheat QualityBreeder Grower Grain Handler Miller Baker (Pasta Manufacturer) CustomerQuality Parameters Important in Durum WheatQuality Parameters Important in Durum WheatWheat Kernel Factors Milling and Semolina Factors Pasta FactorsWheat Kernel Quality Factors (Durum Wheat)Wheat Kernel Quality Factors (Durum Wheat)Hectoliter Weight or Test Weight Damaged Kernels Shrunken/Broken Kernels Vitreous Kernels 1000 Kernel Weight Kernel Size Distribution Moisture Content Ash Content Falling Number Protein Content SDS SedimentationU.S. Subclasses in Durum WheatU.S. Subclasses in Durum WheatHard Amber Durum (HAD) - At least 75 percent or more hard, vitreous kernels Amber Durum - Between 60 and 74 percent hard, vitreous kernels Durum - Less than 60 percent hard vitreous kernelsMilling and Semolina Quality Factors (Durum Wheat)Milling and Semolina Quality Factors (Durum Wheat)Milling Characteristics Semolina and Flour Yield Speck Count Color Ash Content Protein Content Gluten Strength (several tests) Wet Gluten ContentPasta Quality Factors (Durum Wheat)Pasta Quality Factors (Durum Wheat)Pasta Appearance Color Specks Checks/cracks Smooth and uniform Cooking Quality Cooked weight Cooking loss Cooked Firmness StickinessItems for Consideration in Discussing Durum Quality Parameters for Pasta ProductionItems for Consideration in Discussing Durum Quality Parameters for Pasta ProductionChanges in Processing Technology (usage of high temperature and ultra high temperature in drying Environmental Effects on Quality Getting the Wheat You WantDevelopment of Durum Wheat Cultivars (A Team Effort)Development of Durum Wheat Cultivars (A Team Effort)Plant Breeder Cereal Chemist Plant PathologistSome Possible Effects of Growing Conditions on Wheat QualitySome Possible Effects of Growing Conditions on Wheat QualityWet Conditions at Harvest - Sprout Damage Wet Conditions During Growing Season - Lower Protein Dry Conditions During Growing Season - Lower Hectoliter or Test Weight Growing Conditions Conducive to Disease and Insects Fusuariam Head Blight, Vomitoxin Orange Wheat Blossom Midge Frost Conditions at Harvest - Damaged WheatItems for Consideration in Discussing Durum Quality Parameters for Pasta ProductionItems for Consideration in Discussing Durum Quality Parameters for Pasta ProductionChanges in Processing Technology (usage of high temperature and ultra high temperature in drying Environmental Effects on Quality Getting the Wheat You WantUnderstanding the U.S. Export SystemUnderstanding the U.S. Export SystemWheat Quality Factors for Contract Consideration: Wheat quality factors most often specified in purchase contracts: US Grade (17 factors) Non-Grade Factors Wheat class Moisture content Dockage content Analysis of non-grade quality factors is permitted by private (unofficial) inspection companies unless specified that “official” (FGIS) analysis is to be used. Only the US Grade, moisture, dockage and weight must be certified by FGIS. Protein content Falling Number Other U.S. Grades and Grade RequirementU.S. Grades and Grade RequirementWheat Quality Factors for Contract SpecificationWheat Quality Factors for Contract SpecificationNon-Grade Factors: FALLING NUMBER Falling Number specification options Cargo lot analysis: Single analysis for the entire cargo. Example: Falling number minimum 300 seconds. Sublot average analysis: “Liquefaction average” of sublots. Example: Falling Number minimum 325 seconds on a sublot average basis. Sublot minimum analysis: Absolute limit on each sublot. Example: Falling Number minimum 290 seconds on a sublot basis. Combination of above specification options. Example: Falling Number minimum 300 seconds on a sublot average basis, with no sublot below 280 seconds.