Unit 17 文化与汉英翻译

Unit 17 文化与汉英翻译 课时： 2H 教学目的要求： 了解中国文化及其翻译。 教学重点： 熟练掌握各种翻译技巧：了解如何翻译典型的中国文化的篇章。 教学难点： 中国文化中的有关专有名词。 教学内容： Part I. 语言与文化 文化是人类在认识世界和改造客观世界的社会活动中相互联系、相互影响、相互作用时建立起来的，是一个社会的物质文明和精神文明的总和。 语言与文化相辅相成，语言是文化的重要组成部分，也是文化赖以传播的物质表达形式。 Language is a substantial but partial reflection of a culture. (Newmark, 1991:73) Part II. 文化的处理模式（李运兴，2001：123） 文化直入（the Go-ahead Model）--- 源语文化表达形式直接进入译文: 采用音译或直译: 阴阳（yin and yang），旗袍 (qipao, cheongsam) 气功(qigong)，开放 (kaifang)，江湖(jianghu) 直译如：hot-dog （热狗）五讲四美 five stresses and four points of beauty 文化阻断(the Block Model)—源语文化表达形式小时，文化意义没有进入译入语语篇。 主要是自谦语：鄙人（I），贱内(my wife)，浅谈(on) 文化诠释(the Annotation Model)---为源语文化表达形式提供文化语境信息。 炒勺：开始翻译成round-bottomed frying pan—frying wok Some idoms: 滥竽充数 文化融合（the Integration Model）源语文化表达形式与译语表达形式融合，以一种新语言形式进入译语。 如：卡拉OK CD机X光片 GRE考试 GDP增长速度, 打的, 士多 长城干红中干源于英语dry, 表示 not sweet 文化归化(the Adaptation Model) ---源语表达形式略去,代之以译语的形式，源语文化意义丧失。 近朱者赤，近墨者黑。 He who keeps company with the wolf will learn to howl. Part III 译例分析1： 春节，又称农历新年，它是中国最重大的传统节日。时间通常在一月底，二月初，象征着一年辛劳后，冬春之交的休息和放松，也象征了喜庆。 The Spring Festival, also known as the Lunar New Year, is the greatest traditional festival. It is usually a time between late January or early February, which means rest and relaxation between winter and spring after a year’s toil, and means celebration as well. 春节前，人们打扫屋子、在大门上贴大红对联、放鞭炮。据传说，这样做是为了驱赶一个叫“年”的魔鬼。除夕之夜，一大家子定会在一起会餐，最受欢迎的主食是饺子，人们认为它能带来好运吉祥。 Before the Spring Festival, people clean their houses, put red couplets on their gates, and set off firecrackers, according to fairy tales, for driving a demon named Nian away. On the eve of the Spring Festival, a get-together banquet is a must, and the most popular food is Jiaozi, which is supposed to bring good fortune. 在新年的第一天，每人都穿上新衣服， 走亲访友并且鞠躬祝福，为的是新年能有好运气。 On the first day of the new year, everybody wears new clothes and greets relatives and friends with bows and congratulations wishing each other the best during the new year. [知识储备: 春节的有关词汇] 过年 Guo-nian; have the Spring Festival 对联 poetic couplet: two successive rhyming lines in poetry 春联 Spring Festival couplets 剪纸 paper-cuts 年画 New Year paintings 买年货 special purchases for the Spring Festival ; do Spring Festival shopping 敬酒 propose a toast 灯笼 lantern: a portable light 烟花 Fireworks 爆竹 firecrackers (People scare off evil spirits and ghosts with the loud pop. 红包 red packets (cash wrapped up in red paper, symbolize fortune and wealth in the coming year.) 舞狮 lion dance (The lion is believed to be able to dispel evil and bring good luck.) 舞龙 dragon dance (to expect good weather and good harvests) 戏曲 traditional opera 杂耍 variety show 灯谜 riddles written on lanterns 灯会 exhibit of lanterns 守岁 staying-up 拜年 pay New Year’s call; give New Year’s greetings; New Year’s visit 禁忌 taboo 去晦气 get rid of the ill- fortune 祭祖宗 offer sacrifices to one‘s ancestors 压岁钱 gift money; money given to children as a lunar New Year gift 　　Culture Note: In the old days, New Year‘s money was given in the form of one hundred copper coins strung together on a red string and symbolized the hope that one would live to be a hundred years old. Today, money is placed inside red envelopes in denominations considered auspicious and given to represent luck and wealth 　　辞旧岁 bid farewell to the old year 　　扫房 spring cleaning; general house-cleaning 年糕 Nian-gao; rise cake; New Year cake 　　团圆饭 family reunion dinner 　　年夜饭 the dinner on New Year‘s Eve 　　饺子 Jiao-zi; Chinese meat ravioli 　　汤圆 Tang-yuan; dumplings made of sweet rice, rolled into balls and stuffed with either sweet or spicy fillings 　　八宝饭 eight treasures rice pudding 　　糖果盘 candy tray: 　　什锦糖 assorted candies - sweet and fortune 　　蜜冬瓜 candied winter melon - growth and good health 　　西瓜子 red melon seed - joy, happiness, truth and sincerity 　　金桔 cumquat - prosperity 　　糖莲子 candied lotus seed - many descendents to come 　　糖藕 candied lotus root - fulfilling love relationship 　　红枣 red dates - prosperity 　　花生糖 peanut candy - sweet 　 中国节日的翻译 元旦 New Year' s Day Jan.1 国际劳动妇女节International Working women' s Day （Women's Day） Mar.8 国际劳动节International Labor Day (May. Day) May.1 中国青年节 Chinese Youth Day May.4 国际儿童节International Children's Day（Children's Day） June .1 中国共产党诞生纪念日 (党的生日) Anniversary of the Founding of the Chinese Communist Party (the Party' s Birthday) July .1 建军节 Army Day August .1 教师节Teachers' Day Sept.1 国庆节National Day October.1 中国传统节日 春节 the Spring Festival （New Year's Day of the Chinese lunar calendar） 农历正月初一 元宵节 (灯节)the Lantern Festival 农历正月十五 清明节the Qingming Festival四月五日前后 端午节the Dragon-Boat Festival农历五月初五 中秋节the Mid-Autumn Festival （the Moon Festival）农历八月十五 重阳节the Double-Ninth Day农历九月初九 情人节 the Double-Seventh Day农历七月初七 Exercise: 译例分析2 中国是一个有56个民族的大国。不同的民族有不同的婚俗。但无论是哪个民族，结婚仪式都很复杂。 China is a large country with 56 nationalities. Different nationalities have different marriage customs, but whatever the nationality is, the wedding ceremony is usually very complicated. 传统的中国婚礼仪式包括6个必备步骤，它们是：说媒、定亲、聘礼、迎娶、拜堂（三鞠躬）、喝交杯酒等六步。此外，如今一个标准的中国婚礼会如下进行：在一对新人订婚后，接下来就是挑选吉日成亲。 The traditional Chinese marriage usually involves 6 necessary procedures, namely: match-making, engagement, betrothal presents, meeting the bride,three bows, and drinking wedlock wine. In addition, a typical Chinese wedding nowadays goes like this:when a new couple is engaged, what followed is a choice of the date of their marriage. 大部分人会挑选节假日或某个中国的传统节日为的是亲戚朋友们能来参加婚礼。不过，有一些人，尤其是乡下人很有可能请算命先生挑个结婚的吉日（通常是双日子），这样就是双喜临门了。 Most people would favor a bank holiday or special Chinese festival for their relatives and friends to attend the wedding. However,quite a few others, especially those in the countryside, would probably ask a fortune-teller for a lucky date(usually an even number)so that their marriage would have “Double Happiness”. 婚礼庆典很隆重，最后是很奢华的婚宴。人们会举杯祝愿新人“但愿人长久，千里共婵娟。”以及早生贵子等等. The wedding ceremony is usually presided warmly, and the wedding ceremony very often ends with a very extravagant banquet. Toasts are made to wish the new couple long life, eternal love and happiness, early birth of a healthy baby and so on. [关于结婚] 结婚典礼wedding ceremony 结婚纪念日wedding anniversary 新娘bride 新郎bridegroom or groom 主婚人officiator 牧师pastor 伴郎groomsman 伴娘bridesmaid蜜月honeymoon 作业 完成讲义上的练习 课后反思 PAGE 4