第七章 动词 动词时态

null 第七章 英语动词、动词时态讲解 第七章 英语动词、动词时态讲解 本讲内容本讲内容1、动词的概念 2、动词的分类 3、动词的时态 4、巩固练习null1）动词的概念： 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 示动作中状态的词叫做动词。 2） 动词的分类：根据其在句中的功能，动词可分为5类：BE 动词、实义动词（Notional Verb）、系动词（Link Verb）、助动词（Auxiliary Verb）、情态动词（Modal Verb） 3）动词的时态： 共有16种 各类动词的讲解各类动词的讲解 1、be 动词 be动词的几种形式 am is are was were being Been be动词的用法be动词的用法与名词、数词、形容词、介词连用 I am a doctor. He is ten. They are tired. The cat is under the table. be动词的用法be动词的用法There be 句型 用于不可数名词和可数名词单数之前 There is a pen on the desk. There is some water in the glass. 用于复数名词之前 There are some sheep in the hill. 用于一般将来时 There is going to be a film in our school next Sunday. 用于一般过去时 There was a book on the desk yesterday. 注意：请根据时态和句中的名词选择适当形式。be动词的用法be动词的用法Be 动词在时态中的运用 在现在进行时中 We are talking. 在过去进行时中 We were talking at this time yesterday. 2、助动词2、助动词助动词的几种形式 do /don’t Does/ doesn’t Did/ didn’t will /won’t have haven’t /has hasn’t/had hadn’t 助动词的用法助动词的用法对句子进行否定和疑问 Do you get up early every day? I didn’t have lunch yesterday. Will you be back soon? He hasn’t finished the work yet. 在反意疑问句中 He works in a school, doesn’t he? She has never been there,has she? 在倒装句中 They helped the farmers , so did we. I won’t visit the famous singer,neither will he.3、情态动词3、情态动词 情态动词的共同特点： 情态动词后面跟动词原型 无论否定、疑问、倒装句、或反意疑问句都用情态动词 只有时态变化，没有人称变化 情态动词将会在以后章节具体讲解 4、系动词4、系动词我们所学过的系动词有： Get，turn，be come，appear, fall, sound, prove, smell, remain, taste, seem, keep 等 2）感观动词look，sound，smell，taste，feel 系动词只和形容词连用，构成系表结构 I feel hungry. The day gets longer and longer. He looked happy.5、实义动词5、实义动词实义动词指的是有具体行为意思的动词。 实义动词在句中可以做谓语动词和非谓语动词。 做谓语动词的用法 动词的四种形式：现在式（单数第三人称），现在分词，过去式，过去分词 实义动词实义动词注意：掌握四种形式的变化规律 He works in the office. We are dancing together. I caught a cold last week. She has watered the flower. 实义动词实义动词做非谓语动词的用法（指出现在谓语动词之后的动词，它受前面谓语动词的限制） 动词会有三种形式： 原型(do) 动名词(doing) 不定式(to do) 非谓语动词将会在以后章节具体讲解 实义动词实义动词用原型： let sb.do make sb.do help sb.(to)do had better do 实义动词实义动词用动名词： like doing enjoy doing finish doing 介词之后用动名词 be good at doing what about doing thank you for doing 实义动词实义动词用不定式： want to do decide to do plan to do would like to do learn to do tell sb.( not)to do ask sb.(not) to do 动词时态(十六种，其中常用8种)动词时态(十六种，其中常用8种)一般现在时 现在完成时 一般将来时 过去完成时 一般过去时 将来完成时 一般过去将来时 过去进来完成时 现在进行时 现在完成进行时 过去进行时 过去完成进行时 将来进行时 将来完成进行时 过去将来进行时 过去将来完成进行时一般现在时 Simple Present一般现在时 Simple Present1.表示一般情况和经常发生的动作。 He speaks. He does not speak. Does he speak? 2.现时的情况或状态 He is a law student. They enjoy skating 3. 永恒真理 The sun rises in the east. it snows in winter. null 4.动词第三人称单数 变化，要加 “s” work -> works 辅音字母和“y”结尾的词，如carry -> carries 以s、x、ch、sh结尾的加“es”，如wash -> washes go -> goes do -> does have -> has null5. 常用到的时间副词 always, every …, never, normally, often, seldom, sometimes, usually rarely 现在进行时 Present Progressive现在进行时 Present Progressive 1、表示正在发生的动作。 what are you doing? It’s raining hard. how are things going? 2、表示现阶段正发生的事，但此刻不一定正在进行。 Hello, Tom are you still working in that bank? I’m writing a book about medicine. He is studying English in Beijing university. null3、常用到时间状语：now /Look…/Listen… 4、现在进行时构成： be动词＋动词ing构成 5、动词变化加ing clean -> cleaning 以不发音“e”结尾的，去掉字母“e”，再加ing make -> making 重读闭音节的单词，双写最后一个字母，再加ing swim -> swimming 一般将来时Future Simple一般将来时Future Simple表示将来发生的动作。 Who will be on duty at six? I’m sure I won’t lose my way. I will visit you tomorrow. He won’t come back next week. 2、表示将来反复发生的动作或习惯性动作。 Winter will come again These thing swill happen. null3、常用的时间状语： next 引导的词组 tomorrow 引导的词组 the day after tomorrow 4、构成：动词变化：will + 动词原型 表示将来时的其它结构表示将来时的其它结构1. be going to + v Is it going to be fine tomorrow? The ice is going to break. 2. be + v-ing We are having a meeting tomorrow. 3. be + to+ v Am I to take over his work? The high way is to open next month. 4. be about to + v The talk is about to begin. 5. on the point (verge, eve, brink ) of the two countries are on the verge of war. (频于战争) 一般过去时Simple Past一般过去时Simple Past 1、指过去发生的动作或事情 He bought a book yesterday. I watched a match last week. He left here two days ago. 2、表示过去的习惯动作 When she was in the city, she often went to the central supermarket. 3 、表示某种情感 you asked for it! 你这是自找！ (责备) I told you so. 我早就告诉过你。（你就是不听） null4、常用的时间状语： yesterday 引导的词组 ago 引导的词组 last 引导的词组 the day before yesterday null5、构成：动词变化：动词变成过去式，动 词加“ed” Play -> played 辅音字母和“y”结尾的词，如carry -> carried 重读闭音节的单词，双写最后一个字母，再加ed stop -> stopped 不规则动词参考动词表 现在完成时Present Perfect Simple现在完成时Present Perfect Simple1、 表示动作已经完成 He has left . I have already had a rest. 2、表示动作不仅已经完成，还要持续（在这个用法当中，动词要用延续性动词，与for引导的一段时间和since引导的短语连用） He has been away for two days. I have already taught in this school since 1990. The bird has been dead for a month. We have made lots of friends since we came here. 现在完成时Present Perfect Simple现在完成时Present Perfect Simple3、构成： 动词变成过去分词加ed Play -> played 辅音字母和“y”结尾的词，如carry -> carried 重读闭音节的单词，双写最后一个字母，再加ed stop -> stopped 不规则动词参考动词表 4、动词由have（has）+ 过去分词 构成某些需要用现在完成时的结构某些需要用现在完成时的结构1. It (This) is (will be) the first time( last, second, third) time that This is the first that I have heard her sing. 2. It (This) is the best( worst, most interesting)+ n+ that This is the best film I’ve ever seen. 过去进行时Past Progressive过去进行时Past Progressive指在过去的某一个时间正在发生的动作。 It was getting dark. He was watching TV at this time yesterday. 2. 表示按 计划 项目进度计划表范例计划下载计划下载计划下载课程教学计划下载 安排过去将要发生的动作 They were leaving for New York a few days later. null3、常用的时间状语 at this time yesterday at five o’clock yesterday afternoon 4、构成：动词由be动词+动词ing形式构成 过去将来时过去将来时指对过去的某一个时间来讲，将要发生的动作。 He would go to the park the next day. He said he would work hard next term. 表示过去的某种习惯行为只用would 构成：动词由would+动词原型构成。 过去完成时过去完成时 1、指对过去的某一个时间来讲，已经发生的动作。 she had borrowed a book before she went to the park. We had learned many new words by the end of last term 2、过去完成时常用在有hardly, scarcely, barely, no sooner…. than 等副词的句子结构。表示“刚刚...... 就，不等……就” She had hardly gone to bed when the bell rang. null3、构成： 动词由had+过去分词构成 现在完成进行现在完成进行1、 动作或状态从过去某时开始,继续到现在,可能继续下去,也可能刚刚结束. I’ve been writing letters for an hour. I’ve been sitting in the garden. 2、表示某种感情色彩 I have been waiting to see you for a long time. 3、表示某种企图或尝试 He has been telling me. (他一直想告诉我) 4、表示重复 We’ve been discussing the matter several times this year. 5、构成： (have/has been + -ing 分词 巩固练习巩固练习null1.“I don’t like to travel. ”“Have you ever _____ in an airplane?” a. flying b. flew c. flowed d. flown 2.The center of gravity of the human body ______ behind his joint. a. located b. locating c. to locate d. is located 3.“Today is very cold, isn’t it?” “Yes, the river is _____ over.” a. freezed b. freeze c. frozen d. freezing 4.“What happened in that new area?” “New houses ______ recently over there.” a. are built b. build c. have built d. have been built 5.“When did you go to work?” “As soon as they came, we ______ to work.” a.       went b. were going c. had gone d. go key: D D C D Anull6.“Did you wait for him very long?” “Yes, I ______ to bed until five in the morning.” a.   did go b. didn’t go c. had gone d. went 7.Perhaps it will be a long time ______ from abroad. a. when Tom comes back b. when Tom will come back c.before Tom comes back d. that Tom comes back 8.Tom ______ mathematics throughout his college life. a. bored b. bored with c. was bored d. was bored with 9.______ that dress when I first saw you at the station? a. Were you wearing b. Have you worn c. Did you wear d. do you wear 10.Mr Wu ______ to work by bus every day. has been traveling b. has traveled c. travels d. is traveling KEY: B C D A Cnull11.Don’t disturb him. He ______ to the weather forecast. a. listens b. is being listened c. has listened d. is listening 12.My English teacher ______ my test. a. has not yet graded b. has not yet been graded c. is not yet to be graded d. is not yet graded 13.We ______ on it for many hours, but we have not yet reached any conclusion. a. are being worked b. are working c. have been working d. have been worked 14.Shanghai ______ on the Huangpu River. a. stand b. stands c. is being stand d. has stood 15.“Tell the students to stop shouting. We ______ our essays now.” a. write b. have been writing c. are writing d. have written KEY: D A C B C null16.“______ your best? It’s not satisfactory. I’m afraid you will have to do it again.” a.       Do you try b. Have you tried c. Are you trying d. Have you been trying 17.Chinese married couple _____ red packets to children and the unmarried during the Chinese new Year. a. give b. have been giving c. are giving d. have given 18.My uncle, Sam,______ manager of the firm. a. has just made b. is just being made c. has just been made d. is just made 19.This is the first time the students ______ to Hyde Park. a. have gone b. have been gone c. have been going d. are being gone 20.She ______ her mother’s work since she was admitted into hospital. a. is doing b. has been doing c. has done d. has been done KEY: B A C A Bnull