ASTM A333-A333M-2011 英文最新版

Designation: A333/A333M – 11 Standard Specification for Seamless and Welded Steel Pipe for Low-Temperature Service1 This standard is issued under the fixed designation A333/A333M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval. This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense. 1. Scope* 1.1 This specification2 covers nominal (average) wall seam- less and welded carbon and alloy steel pipe intended for use at low temperatures. Several grades of ferritic steel are included as listed in Table 1. Some product sizes may not be available under this specification because heavier wall thicknesses have an adverse affect on low-temperature impact properties. 1.2 Supplementary Requirement S1 of an optional nature is provided. This shall apply only when specified by the pur- chaser. 1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. The inch-pound units shall apply unless the “M” designation of this specification is specified in the order. NOTE 1—The dimensionless designator NPS (nominal pipe size) has been substituted in this standard for such traditional terms as “nominal diameter,” “size,” and “nominal size.” 2. Referenced Documents 2.1 ASTM Standards:3 A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products A999/A999M Specification for General Requirements for Alloy and Stainless Steel Pipe A671 Specification for Electric-Fusion-Welded Steel Pipe for Atmospheric and Lower Temperatures E23 Test Methods for Notched Bar Impact Testing of Metallic Materials E165 Practice for Liquid Penetrant Examination for General Industry E709 Guide for Magnetic Particle Testing 2.2 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code4 Section VIII Division 1, Rules for Construction of Pressure Vessels Section IX Welding and Brazing Qualifications 3. Ordering Information 3.1 Orders for material under this specification should include the following, as required, to describe the material adequately: 3.1.1 Quantity (feet, centimetres, or number of lengths), 3.1.2 Name of material (seamless or welded pipe), 3.1.3 Grade (Table 1), 3.1.4 Size (NPS or outside diameter and schedule number of average wall thickness), 3.1.5 Lengths (specific or random) (Section 9), (see the Permissible Variations in Length section of Specification A999/ A999M), 3.1.6 End finish (see the Ends section of Specification A999/A999M), 3.1.7 Optional requirements, (see the Heat Analysis require- ment in the Chemical Composition section of A999/A999M, the Repair by Welding section, and the section on Nondestruc- tive Test Requirements), 3.1.8 Test report required, (see the Certification section of Specification A999/A999M), 3.1.9 Specification designation, and 3.1.10 Special requirements or exceptions to this specifica- tion. 1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.10 on Stainless and Alloy Steel Tubular Products. Current edition approved April 1, 2011. Published April 2011. Originally approved in 1950. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as A333/A333M–10. DOI: 10.1520/A0333_A0333M-11. 2 For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specifi- cation SA-333 in Section II of that Code. 3 For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website. 4 Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME International Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http:// www.asme.org. 1 *A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard. Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States. 3.1.11 Supplementary requirements, if any (subsize impact specimens, pipe for hydrofluoric acid alkylation service). 4. Materials and Manufacture 4.1 Manufacture—Except as provided in paragraph 4.2, the pipe shall be made by the seamless or welding process with the addition of no filler metal in the welding operation. Grade 4 shall be made by the seamless process. NOTE 2—For electric-fusion-welded pipe, with filler metal added, fabricated of pressure vessel quality plates, see Specification A671. 4.2 Grade 11 pipe may be produced by welding with or without the addition of filler metal. The following requirements shall apply for Grade 11 welded with the addition of filler metal. 4.2.1 The joints shall be full-penetration, full fusion double- welded or single-welded butt joints employing fusion welding processes as defined in “Definitions,” ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section IX. This specification makes no provision for any difference in weld quality requirements regardless of the weld joint type employed (single or double) in making the weld. Where backing strips are employed, the ring or strip material shall be the same as the plate being joined. Backing rings or strips shall be completely removed after welding, prior to any required radiography, and the exposed weld surface shall be examined visually for conformance to the requirements of 4.2.2. Welds made by procedures employing backing strips or rings which remain in place are prohibited. Welding procedures and welding operators shall be qualified in accordance with ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section IX. 4.2.2 The weld surface on either side of the weld may be flush with the base plate or may have a reasonably uniform crown, not to exceed 1⁄8 in. [3 mm]. Any weld reinforcement may be removed at the manufacturer’s option or by agreement between the manufacturer and purchaser. The contour of the reinforcement shall be reasonably smooth and free from irregularities. The deposited metal shall be fused uniformly into the plate surface. No concavity of contour is permitted unless the resulting thickness of weld metal is equal to or greater than the minimum thickness of the adjacent base metal. 4.2.3 Radiographic Examination—All welded joints shall be fully radiographed in accordance with the requirements of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII, Division 1, latest edition, paragraph UW-51. 4.2.3.1 As an alternative, the welded joints may be ultra- sonically examined in accordance with Appendix 12 of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII, Division 1. 4.2.4 Repair Welding—Weld metal defects shall be repaired by removal to sound metal and repair welding if approved by the purchaser. 4.2.4.1 The repair shall be blended smoothly into the surrounding base metal surface and examined by the magnetic particle examination in accordance with Practice E709, or by the liquid penetrant method in accordance with Practice E165. 4.2.4.2 Each repair weld of a cavity where the cavity, before repair welding, has a depth exceeding the lesser of 3⁄8 in. [9.5 mm] or 10.5 % of the nominal thickness shall be radiographi- cally examined as required for the original welds. 4.2.5 Transverse Tension Test—One test shall be made to represent each lot (Note 3) of finished pipe. The test specimens shall be taken across the welded joint. The tension test results of the welded joints shall conform to the tensile properties for Grade 11 in Table 2. 4.2.5.1 The test specimens shall be taken from the end of the finished pipe. As an alternative, the tension test specimens may be taken from a welded prolongation of the same material as the pipe, which is attached to the end of the pipe and welded as a prolongation of the pipe longitudinal seam. 4.2.5.2 The test specimens shall be in accordance with Section IX, Part QW, paragraph QW-150 of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code and shall be one of the types shown in QW-462.1 of that code. The tension test specimen may be flattened cold before final machining to size. 4.2.6 Transverse Guided-Bend Weld Test—One transverse guided bend test (two specimens) shall be made to represent each lot (Note 3) of finished pipe. 4.2.6.1 The two bend test specimens shall be taken from the weld at the end of the finished pipe. As an alternative, by agreement between the purchaser and the manufacturer, the test TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements Element Composition, % Grade 1A Grade 3 Grade 4 Grade 6A Grade 7 Grade 8 Grade 9 Grade 10 Grade 11 Carbon, max 0.30 0.19 0.12 0.30 0.19 0.13 0.20 0.20 0.10 Manganese 0.40–1.06 0.31–0.64 0.50–1.05 0.29–1.06 0.90 max 0.90 max 0.40–1.06 1.15–1.50 0.60 max Phosphorus, max 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.035 0.025 Sulfur, max 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.015 0.025 Silicon ...B 0.18–0.37 0.08–0.37 0.10 min 0.13–0.32 0.13–0.32 ... 0.10–0.35 0.35 max Nickel ... 3.18–3.82 0.47–0.98 0.40 max 2.03–2.57 8.40–9.60 1.60–2.24 0.25 max 35.0–37.0 Chromium ... ... 0.44–1.01 0.30 max ... ... ... 0.15 max 0.50 max Copper ... ... 0.40–0.75 0.40 max ... ... 0.75–1.25 0.15 max ... Aluminum ... ... 0.04–0.30 ... ... ... ... 0.06 max ... Vanadium, max ... ... ... 0.08 ... ... ... 0.12 ... Columbium, max ... ... ... 0.02 ... ... ... 0.05 ... Molybdenum, max ... ... ... 0.12 ... ... ... 0.05 0.50 max Cobalt ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 0.50 max A For each reduction of 0.01 % carbon below 0.30 %, an increase of 0.05 % manganese above 1.06 % would be permitted to a maximum of 1.35 % manganese. B Where an ellipsis (...) appears in this table, there are no reporting requirements for those elements. A333/A333M – 11 2 specimens may be taken from a test plate of the same material as the pipe, the test plate being attached to the end of the pipe and welded as a prolongation of the pipe longitudinal seam. 4.2.6.2 The bend test shall be in accordance with QW-160 of Section IX of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. TABLE 2 Tensile Requirements Grade 1 Grade 3 Grade 4 Grade 6 Grade 7 Grade 8 Grade 9 Grade 10 Grade 11 psi MPa psi MPa psi MPa psi MPa psi MPa psi MPa psi MPa psi MPa psi MPa Tensile strength, min Yield strength, min 55 000 30 000 380 205 65 000 35 000 450 240 60 000 35 000 415 240 60 000 35 000 415 240 65 000 35 000 450 240 100 000 75 000 690 515 63 000 46 000 435 315 80 000 65 000 550 450 65 000 35 000 450 240 Longi- tudinal Trans- verse Longi- tudinal Trans- verse Longi- tudinal Trans- verse Longi- tudinal Trans- verse Longi- tudinal Trans- verse Longi- tudinal Trans- verse Longi- tudinal Trans- verse Longi- tudinal Trans- verse Longi- tudinal Elongation in 2 in. or 50 mm, (or 4D), min, %: Basic minimum elongation for walls 5⁄16 in. [8 mm] and over in thickness, strip tests, and for all small sizes tested in full section 35 25 30 20 30 16.5 30 16.5 30 22 22 ... 28 ... 22 ... 18A When standard round 2-in. or 50-mm gage length or proportionally smaller size test specimen with the gage length equal to 4D (4 times the diameter) is used 28 20 22 14 22 12 22 12 22 14 16 ... ... ... 16 ... ... For strip tests, a deduction for each 1⁄32 in. [0.8 mm] decrease in wall thickness below 5⁄16 in. [8 mm] from the basic minimum elongation of the following percentage 1.75B 1.25B 1.50B 1.00B 1.50B 1.00B 1.50B 1.00B 1.50B 1.00B 1.25B ... 1.50B ... 1.25B ... . . . Wall Thickness Elongation in 2 in. or 50 mm, min, %C Grade 1 Grade 3 Grade 4 Grade 6 Grade 7 Grade 8 Grade 9 Grade 10 in. mm Longi- Trans- Longi- Trans- Longi- Trans- Longi- Trans- Longi- Trans- Longi- Trans- Longi- Trans- Longi- Trans- tudinal verse tudinal verse tudinal verse tudinal verse tudinal verse tudinal verse tudinal verse tudinal verse 5⁄16 (0.312) 8 35 25 30 20 30 16 30 16 30 22 22 ... 28 ... 22 ... 9⁄32 (0.281) 7.2 33 24 28 19 28 15 28 15 28 21 21 ... 26 ... 21 ... 1⁄4 (0.250) 6.4 32 23 27 18 27 15 27 15 27 20 20 ... 25 ... 20 ... 7⁄32 (0.219) 5.6 30 ... 26 ... 26 ... 26 ... 26 ... 18 ... 24 ... 18 ... 3⁄16 (0.188) 4.8 28 ... 24 ... 24 ... 24 ... 24 ... 17 ... 22 ... 17 ... 5⁄32 (0.156) 4 26 ... 22 ... 22 ... 22 ... 22 ... 16 ... 20 ... 16 ... 1⁄8 (0.125) 3.2 25 ... 21 ... 21 ... 21 ... 21 ... 15 ... 19 ... 15 ... 3⁄32 (0.094) 2.4 23 ... 20 ... 20 ... 20 ... 20 ... 13 ... 18 ... 13 ... 1⁄16 (0.062) 1.6 21 ... 18 ... 18 ... 18 ... 18 ... 12 ... 16 ... 12 ... A Elongation of Grade 11 is for all walls and small sizes tested in full section. B The following table gives the calculated minimum values. C Calculated elongation requirements shall be rounded to the nearest whole number. Note—The preceding table gives the computed minimum elongation values for each 1⁄32-in. [0.80-mm] decrease in wall thickness. Where the wall thickness lies between two values shown above, the minimum elongation value is determined by the following equation: Grade Direction of Test Equation 1 Longitudinal E = 56t + 17.50 [E = 2.19t + 17.50] Transverse E = 40t + 12.50 [E = 1.56t + 12.50] 3 Longitudinal E = 48t + 15.00 [E = 1.87t + 15.00] Transverse E = 32t + 10.00 [E = 1.25t + 10.00] 4 Longitudinal E = 48t + 15.00 [E = 1.87t + 15.00] Transverse E = 32t + 6.50 [E = 1.25t+ 6.50] 6 Longitudinal E = 48t + 15.00 [E = 1.87t + 15.00] Transverse E = 32t + 6.50 [E = 1.25t + 6.50] 7 Longitudinal E = 48t + 15.00 [E = 1.87t + 15.00] Transverse E = 32t + 11.00 [E = 1.25t + 11.00] 8 and 10 Longitudinal E = 40t + 9.50 [E = 1.56t + 9.50] 9 Longitudinal E = 48t + 13.00 [E = 1.87t + 13.00] where: E = elongation in 2 in. or 50 mm, in %, and t = actual thickness of specimen, in. [mm]. A333/A333M – 11 3 - - ` , , ` ` ` , , , , ` ` ` ` - ` - ` , , ` , , ` , ` , , ` - - - 4.2.7 Charpy V-notch Impact Tests—Impact tests on welded joints shall include tests on weld metal and heat affected zones and shall meet the same requirements as the base metal. (See Tables 3 and 4). 4.2.7.1 Each set of weld metal impact test specimens shall be taken across the weld with the notch in the weld metal. Each test specimen shall be oriented so that the notch is normal to the surface of the material and one face of the specimen shall be within 1⁄16 in. [1.5 mm] of the surface of the material. 4.2.7.2 Each set of heat affected zone impact test specimens shall be taken across the weld and of sufficient length to locate, after etching, the notch in the heat affected zone. The notch shall be cut approximately normal to the surface of the material in such a manner as to include as much heat affected zone material as possible in the resulting fracture. NOTE 3—The term “lot” applies to all pipe (may include more than one heat of steel) within a 3⁄16 in. [4.7 mm] range of thickness and welded to the weld procedure, and when heat treated, done to the same heat-treating procedure and in the same furnace. The maximum lot size shall be 200 linear ft [60 m] of pipe. 4.3 Heat Treatment: 4.3.1 All seamless and welded pipe, other than Grades 8 and 11, shall be treated to control their microstructure in accor- dance with one of the following methods: 4.3.1.1 Normalize by heating to a uniform temperature of not less than 1500 °F [815 °C] and cool in air or in the cooling chamber of an atmosphere controlled furnace. 4.3.1.2 Normalize as in 4.3.1.1, and, at the discretion of the manufacturer, reheat to a suitable tempering temperature. 4.3.1.3 For the seamless process only, reheat and control hot working and the temperature of the hot-finishing operation to a finishing temperature range from 1550 to 1750 °F [845 to 945 °C] and cool in air or in a controlled atmosphere furnace from an initial temperature of not less than 1550 °F [845 °C]. 4.3.1.4 Treat as in 4.3.1.3 and, at the discretion of the manufacturer, reheat to a suitable tempering temperature. 4.3.1.5 Seamless pipe of Grades 1, 6, and 10 may be heat treated by heating to a uniform temperature of not less than 1500 °F [815 °C], followed by quenching in liquid and reheating to a suitable tempering temperature, in place of any of the other heat treatments provided for in 4.3.1. 4.3.2 Grade 8 pipe shall be heat treated by the manufacturer by either of the following methods: 4.3.2.1 Quenched and Tempered—Heat to a uniform tem- perature of 1475 6 25 °F [800 6 15 °C]; hold at this temperature for a minimum time in the ratio of 1 h/in. [2 min/mm] of thickness, but in no case less than 15 min; quench by immersion in circulating water. Reheat until the pipe attains a uniform temperature within the range from 1050 to 1125 °F [565 to 605 °C]; hold at this temperature for a minimum time in the ratio of 1 h/in. [2 min/mm] of thickness, but in no case less than 15 min; cool in air or water quench at a rate no less than 300 °F [165 °C]/h. 4.3.2.2 Double Normalized and Tempered—Heat to a uni- form temperature of 1650 6 25 °F [900 6 15 °C]; hold at this temperature for a minimum time in the ratio of 1 h/in. [2 min/mm] of thickness, but in no case less than 15 min; cool in air. Reheat until the pipe attains a uniform temperature of 1450 6 25 °F [790 6 15 °C]; hold at this temperature for a minimum time in the ratio of 1 h/in. [2 min/mm] of thickness, but in no case less than 15 min; cool in air. Reheat to a uniform temperature within the range from 1050 to 1125 °F [565 to 605 °C]; hold at this temperature for a minimum time of 1 h/in. [2 min/mm] of thickness but in no case less than 15 min; cool in air or water quench at a rate not less than 300 °F [165 °C]/h. 4.3.3 Whether to anneal Grade 11 pipe is per agreement between purchaser and supplier. When Grade 11 pipe is annealed, it shall be normalized in the range of 1400 to 1600 °F [760 to 870 °C]. 4.3.4 Material from which test specimens are obtained shall be in the same condition of heat treatment as the pipe furnished. Material from which specimens are to be taken shall be heat treated prior to preparation of the specimens. 4.3.5 When specified in the order the test specimens shall be taken from full thickness test pieces which have been stress relieved after having been removed from the heat-treated pipe. The test pieces shall be gradually and uniformly heated to the prescribed temperature, held at that temperature for a period of time in accordance with Table 5, and then furnace cooled at a temperature not exceeding 600 °F [315 °C]. Grade 8 shall be cooled at a minimum rate of 300 °F [165 °C]/h in air or water to a temperature not exceeding 600 °F [315 °C]. 5. Chemical Composition 5.1 The steel shall conform to the requirements as to chemical composition prescribed in Table 1. 5.2 When Grades 1, 6, or 10 are ordered under this specification, supplying an alloy grade that specifically re- quires the addition of any element other than those listed for the ordered grade in Table 1 is not permitted. However, the addition of elements required for the deoxidation of the steel is permitted. TABLE 3 Impact Requirements for Grades 1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, 10, and 11 Size of Specimen, mm Minimum Average Notched Bar Impact Value of Each Set of Three SpecimensA Minimum Notched Bar Impact Value of One Specimen Only of a SetA ft·lbf J ft·lbf J 10 by 10 13 18 10 14 10 by 7.5 10 14 8 11 10 by 6.67 9 12 7 9 10 by 5 7 9 5 7 10 by 3.33 5 7 3 4 10 by 2.5 4 5 3 4 A Straight line interpolation for intermediate values is permitted. TABLE 4 Impact Temperature Grade Minimum Impact Test Temperature °F °C 1 −50 −45 3 −150 −100 4 −150 −100 6 −50 −45 7 −100 −75 8 −320 −195 9 −100 −75 10 −75 −60 11 –320 –195 A333/A333M – 11 4 - -