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nullSweet Water Seas Observations Great Lakes Observation System Case Study Example-Alternative Energy (Wind) Observations at the Land Water InterfaceSweet Water Seas Observations Great Lakes Observation System Case Study Example-Alternative Energy (Wind) Observations at the Land Water InterfacenullThe Great Lakes Region Watershed of the Great Lakes Two Nations, 8 States, 2 Provinces 42 Million People 4th Largest Economy in the World 100 Giga watts of Current Generating Capacity 1000 Giga watts of Wind Potential On and Offshorehttp://www.tdzl.net/ 天津塔吊租赁,河北塔吊租赁,西安塔吊租赁,塔吊租赁 http://www.u51688.com/nullCurrent Land-Based Wind Generating Capacity Within the Great Lakes RegionnullnullA Wave of Wind Power Development Was About to Break Across the Great Lakes Region In 2006 Representative Marci Kaptur (Ohio), the US Fish and Wildlife Service, Environmental Protection Agency and Others Organized a Conference in Toledo entitled: Toward Wildlife-Friendly Wind Power In 2007 NREL and the National Wind Coordinating Collaborative Convened a Meeting of 45 Great Lakes Wind Stakeholders in Chicago US and Canadian Stakeholders Formed the Great Lakes Wind Collaborative in Buffalo in 2008Great Lakes Wind CollaborativeGreat Lakes Wind Collaborative The Great Lakes Wind Collaborative is a multi-sector coalition of wind energy stakeholders working to facilitate the development of economically and environmentally sustainable wind power in the binational Great Lakes region. Administrative Support Provided by the Great Lakes Commission www.glc.org/energy/windnullGLWC is governed by a Steering Committee and is organized around the efforts of five Workgroups: 1. Transmission o Transmission-Related Policy Options to Facilitate Offshore Wind in the Great Lakes-University of Michigan School of Natural Resources 2011 2. Economic Development o The Role of the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Seaway Ports in the Advancement of the Wind Energy Industry 2010 3. Environmental Planning, Siting, and Permitting o State and Provincial Land-Based Wind Farm Siting Policy in the Great Lakes Region: Summary and Analysis 2009 o Best Practices to Accelerate Wind Power in the Great Lakes Region and Beyond 2011null4. Offshore o Background Papers on Current Offshore Regulations, Water Dependency (State and Federal Regulations), Public Trust Doctrine-University of New York at Buffalo 2009 o Offshore Siting Principles and Guidelines for Wind Development on the Great Lakes-GLWC 2009Offshore Siting Principles and Guidelines for Wind Development on the Great LakesGreat Lakes Wind Collaborative 2009null5. Wind Atlas www.glc.org/energy/windElevation and Bathymetry Transportation-Waterways, Railroads, Highways, Airports Wind Speeds to 100 meters Electric Transmission Grid Habitat (Coastal Wetlands) Managed Areas (Refuges, National and State Forests) Aquatic Biota (Fish Spawning Areas) Avian Biota (Great Lakes Important Bird Areas) Access Sites, Military Bases, etc Environmental Issues Tend to Drive Siting and Operational Mitigation IssuesEnvironmental Issues Tend to Drive Siting and Operational Mitigation IssuesBird & Bat Mortality Fisheries Impacts Lakebed Alterations Habitat Alterations Noise Public Health Other (Social, View shed, Etc.)nullPreconstruction Observations and Site Characterization Studies Wind Resource Habitat Wildlife Use Bird and Bat Migration and Abundance (Nocturnal and Diurnal) nullOne Year on the Niagara-Temporal Diurnal Distribution of Passing BirdsnullDusk to Dawn on the Niagara River-Temporal Distribution of Passing BirdsnullDusk to Dawn on the Niagara River-Altitude DistributionnullMay Morning Bird Fallout Near Tifft Nature Preserve in BuffaloGallagher BeachBuffalo HarborLake ErieTifft Nature PreservenullSmall Boat Harbor StudyCopyright Google EarthSteel WindsSmall Boat HarborBuffaloLackawannaGullsGull ColonynullFall Bird Movements at the Peace BridgeCanada GeeseDouble-crested CormorantsDiving DucksBonaparte’s GullsnullPost Construction Observations Remote Bird and Bat Migration Observations (NEXRAD, X Band Radar) Great Lakes Observatory (Bird and Raptor Counts, Banding, Acoustics Weather Observations (Wind, Ceiling, Precipitation) Bird and Bat Mortality Studies (Weather Related Climate Change (Changes and Timing of Bird and Bat Migration)nullRon Larkin (Weather TAP, November, 2004)Yonker (NEXRAD, May 17, 2001)Nocturnal Radar Observation of Bird and Bat Movement And AbundancenullBird Observatories of the Great Lakes 1. Hawk Ridge Bird Observatory 2. Thunder Cape Bird Observatory 3. Whitefish Point Bird Observatory 4. Chicagoland Bird Observatory 5. Bruce Peninsula Bird Observatory 6. Rouge River Bird Observatory 7. Black Swamp Bird Observatory 8. Pelee Island Bird Observatory 9. Long Point Bird Observatory 10. Toronto Bird Observatory 11. Prince Edward Point Bird Observatory 12. Derby Hill Bird Observatory 13. Braddock Bay Bird Observatory 14. Proposed Niagara Corridor Bird Observatory 15. Proposed Lake Bluff Bird Observatory 16. Proposed Keweenaw Bird Observatory12345678910111213141516Existing and Proposed Great Lakes Bird ObservatoriesYonker 2011nullSaw-whet Owl Migration at Long Point Bird ObservatoryYonker 2007null(Yonker 2007)Fall WarblersWinter WrenWhite-eyed VireoAcoustics LabBird BandingFall Migration Monitoring at Powdermill Nature ReservenullComparison of Call Count data to Weather dataRatios of numbers of calls at the two sites were regressed against a series of weather variables to determine if they had differential effects on the call totals at the two sitesWeather Variables: Barometric pressure Wind speed Wind direction Precipitation Visibility Cloud CoverEmma Deleon, 2010SonogramnullHorizontal Radar View of Advancing Precipitation Shield Approaching BuffaloVertical Radar View of Advancing Precipitation Shield Approaching BuffaloWeather as a Factor in Migration Across the Great LakesMarine Services Diversified LLC, May 2003null (Yonker 2007)In the Middle of Lake Erie on April 1, 2007US and Canadian Coast Guard Spring Offshore Migration/Climate Change ProjectCommon LoonDark-eyed JuncoGulls and CoyotenullGalbreath 2007Tree SwallowClimate Related Changes to Summer Breeding RangesnullOperational Mitigation Curtailment Under Specific Weather Conditions (Wind, Precipitation, Ceiling) Changes in Cut In Speeds (Bat Mortality) Changes in Site Design Many Observation Needs Could be Met by Wind Developers Who Agree as a Permit Condition to Share Monitoring Data and Mortality Studies