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阅读阅读阅读阅读 100100100100难句分类、结构分析与
翻译
阿房宫赋翻译下载德汉翻译pdf阿房宫赋翻译下载阿房宫赋翻译下载翻译理论.doc
难句分类、结构分析与翻译难句分类、结构分析与翻译难句分类、结构分析与翻译
请大家精读纯英文先,句子解析在后请大家精读纯英文先,句子解析在后请大家精读纯英文先,句子解析在后请大家精读纯英文先,句子解析在后
1.1.1.1. ForForForFor mostmostmostmost peoplepeoplepeoplepeople thethethethe seaseaseasea waswaswaswas remote,remote,remote,remote, andandandand withwithwithwith thethethethe exceptionexceptionexceptionexception ofofofof earlyearlyearlyearly
intercontinentalintercontinentalintercontinentalintercontinental travelerstravelerstravelerstravelers orororor othersothersothersothers whowhowhowho earnedearnedearnedearned aaaa livinglivinglivingliving fromfromfromfrom thethethethe sea,sea,sea,sea,
theretheretherethere waswaswaswas littlelittlelittlelittle reasonreasonreasonreason totototo askaskaskask manymanymanymany questionsquestionsquestionsquestions aboutaboutaboutabout it,it,it,it, letletletlet alonealonealonealone totototo askaskaskask
whatwhatwhatwhat laylaylaylay beneathbeneathbeneathbeneath thethethethe surface.surface.surface.surface.对大多数人来说对大多数人来说对大多数人来说对大多数人来说,,,,海洋是遥远的海洋是遥远的海洋是遥远的海洋是遥远的,,,,除了早除了早除了早除了早
期飘洋过海旅行的人或靠海谋生的人之外,没有什么理由询问有关海期飘洋过海旅行的人或靠海谋生的人之外,没有什么理由询问有关海期飘洋过海旅行的人或靠海谋生的人之外,没有什么理由询问有关海期飘洋过海旅行的人或靠海谋生的人之外,没有什么理由询问有关海
洋的问题,更谈不上询问海洋下有什么之类的问题。洋的问题,更谈不上询问海洋下有什么之类的问题。洋的问题,更谈不上询问海洋下有什么之类的问题。洋的问题,更谈不上询问海洋下有什么之类的问题。
2.2.2.2. ThereThereThereThere isisisis anotheranotheranotheranother conversation,conversation,conversation,conversation, whichwhichwhichwhich fromfromfromfrom ourourourour pointpointpointpoint ofofofof viewviewviewview isisisis
equallyequallyequallyequally important,important,important,important, andandandand thatthatthatthat hashashashas totototo dodododo notnotnotnot withwithwithwith whatwhatwhatwhat isisisis readreadreadread butbutbutbut withwithwithwith
howhowhowhow itititit isisisis read.read.read.read. 依我们看依我们看依我们看依我们看,,,,还有另一种对话同样重要还有另一种对话同样重要还有另一种对话同样重要还有另一种对话同样重要,,,,它与所读的内容它与所读的内容它与所读的内容它与所读的内容
无关,而与阅读的方式有关。无关,而与阅读的方式有关。无关,而与阅读的方式有关。无关,而与阅读的方式有关。
3.3.3.3. EveryEveryEveryEvery winter,winter,winter,winter, millionsmillionsmillionsmillions ofofofof fridgesfridgesfridgesfridges humhumhumhum awayawayawayaway continuouslycontinuouslycontinuouslycontinuously andandandand atatatat vastvastvastvast
expense,expense,expense,expense, busilybusilybusilybusily maintainingmaintainingmaintainingmaintaining anananan artificially-cooledartificially-cooledartificially-cooledartificially-cooled spacespacespacespace insideinsideinsideinside anananan
artificially-heartedartificially-heartedartificially-heartedartificially-hearted house-whilehouse-whilehouse-whilehouse-while outside,outside,outside,outside, naturenaturenaturenature providesprovidesprovidesprovides thethethethe desireddesireddesireddesired
temperaturetemperaturetemperaturetemperature freefreefreefree ofofofof charge..charge..charge..charge..每年冬天每年冬天每年冬天每年冬天,,,,上百万台冰箱不断的嗡嗡作响上百万台冰箱不断的嗡嗡作响上百万台冰箱不断的嗡嗡作响上百万台冰箱不断的嗡嗡作响,,,,
花费很大,在人工制热的房间里忙碌地维持着一个人工制冷的空间,花费很大,在人工制热的房间里忙碌地维持着一个人工制冷的空间,花费很大,在人工制热的房间里忙碌地维持着一个人工制冷的空间,花费很大,在人工制热的房间里忙碌地维持着一个人工制冷的空间,
而在室外,自然免费提供理想的温度而在室外,自然免费提供理想的温度而在室外,自然免费提供理想的温度而在室外,自然免费提供理想的温度....
4.4.4.4. TheTheTheThe fridgefridgefridgefridge’’’’ssss effecteffecteffecteffect uponuponuponupon thethethethe environmentenvironmentenvironmentenvironment hashashashas beenbeenbeenbeen evident,evident,evident,evident, whilewhilewhilewhile itsitsitsits
contributioncontributioncontributioncontribution totototo humanhumanhumanhuman happinesshappinesshappinesshappiness hashashashas beenbeenbeenbeen insignificant.insignificant.insignificant.insignificant. 冰箱对人类冰箱对人类冰箱对人类冰箱对人类
幸福贡献不多,但他对环境的影响到是不小。幸福贡献不多,但他对环境的影响到是不小。幸福贡献不多,但他对环境的影响到是不小。幸福贡献不多,但他对环境的影响到是不小。
5.5.5.5. ButButButBut itititit willwillwillwill bebebebe thethethethe driverdriverdriverdriver’’’’ssss responsibilityresponsibilityresponsibilityresponsibility totototo makemakemakemake suresuresuresure thatthatthatthat childrenchildrenchildrenchildren
underunderunderunder 14141414 dodododo notnotnotnot rideriderideride inininin thethethethe frontfrontfrontfront unlessunlessunlessunless theytheytheythey areareareare wearingwearingwearingwearing aaaa seatseatseatseat beltbeltbeltbelt ofofofof
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somesomesomesome kind.kind.kind.kind.但是,驾驶员有责任让座在前排的但是,驾驶员有责任让座在前排的但是,驾驶员有责任让座在前排的但是,驾驶员有责任让座在前排的 14141414岁以下的乘客系上某岁以下的乘客系上某岁以下的乘客系上某岁以下的乘客系上某
种安全带,否则不得坐在前排。种安全带,否则不得坐在前排。种安全带,否则不得坐在前排。种安全带,否则不得坐在前排。
6.6.6.6. Obviously,Obviously,Obviously,Obviously, theretheretherethere wouldwouldwouldwould bebebebe nononono pointpointpointpoint inininin investinginvestinginvestinginvesting inininin aaaa computercomputercomputercomputer ifififif youyouyouyou
hadhadhadhad totototo checkcheckcheckcheck allallallall hishishishis answers,answers,answers,answers, butbutbutbut peoplepeoplepeoplepeople shouldshouldshouldshould alsoalsoalsoalso relyrelyrelyrely onononon theirtheirtheirtheir ownownownown
internalinternalinternalinternal computerscomputerscomputerscomputers andandandand checkcheckcheckcheck thethethethe machinemachinemachinemachine whenwhenwhenwhen theytheytheythey havehavehavehave thethethethe feelingfeelingfeelingfeeling
thatthatthatthat somethingsomethingsomethingsomething hashashashas gonegonegonegone wrong.wrong.wrong.wrong.当然当然当然当然,,,,如果计算机得出的全部答案均需如果计算机得出的全部答案均需如果计算机得出的全部答案均需如果计算机得出的全部答案均需
复查一遍,花钱买计算机就毫无意义。不过人们也应该信赖自身内部复查一遍,花钱买计算机就毫无意义。不过人们也应该信赖自身内部复查一遍,花钱买计算机就毫无意义。不过人们也应该信赖自身内部复查一遍,花钱买计算机就毫无意义。不过人们也应该信赖自身内部
的计算能力,一旦感觉到计算机得出的结果有不对之处,就必须进行的计算能力,一旦感觉到计算机得出的结果有不对之处,就必须进行的计算能力,一旦感觉到计算机得出的结果有不对之处,就必须进行的计算能力,一旦感觉到计算机得出的结果有不对之处,就必须进行
复查。复查。复查。复查。
7.7.7.7. NormallyNormallyNormallyNormally aaaa studentstudentstudentstudent mustmustmustmust attendattendattendattend aaaa certaincertaincertaincertain numbernumbernumbernumber ofofofof coursescoursescoursescourses inininin
orderorderorderorder totototo graduate,graduate,graduate,graduate, andandandand eacheacheacheach course,course,course,course, whichwhichwhichwhich hehehehe attends,attends,attends,attends, givesgivesgivesgives himhimhimhim aaaa
credit,credit,credit,credit, whichwhichwhichwhich hehehehe maymaymaymay countcountcountcount towardstowardstowardstowards aaaa degree.degree.degree.degree.大学生通常必须修满一大学生通常必须修满一大学生通常必须修满一大学生通常必须修满一
定数量的课程才能毕业,每修完一门课就得到相应的学分,累计到一定数量的课程才能毕业,每修完一门课就得到相应的学分,累计到一定数量的课程才能毕业,每修完一门课就得到相应的学分,累计到一定数量的课程才能毕业,每修完一门课就得到相应的学分,累计到一
定量便能拿到学位。定量便能拿到学位。定量便能拿到学位。定量便能拿到学位。
8.8.8.8. ItItItIt maymaymaymay havehavehavehave beenbeenbeenbeen aaaa sharpsharpsharpsharp criticismcriticismcriticismcriticism ofofofof thethethethe pupilpupilpupilpupil’’’’ssss technicaltechnicaltechnicaltechnical abilitiesabilitiesabilitiesabilities
inininin writing,writing,writing,writing, butbutbutbut itititit waswaswaswas alsoalsoalsoalso aaaa sadsadsadsad reflectionreflectionreflectionreflection onononon thethethethe teacherteacherteacherteacher whowhowhowho hadhadhadhad
omittedomittedomittedomitted totototo readreadreadread thethethethe essay,essay,essay,essay, whichwhichwhichwhich containedcontainedcontainedcontained somesomesomesome beautifulbeautifulbeautifulbeautiful expressionsexpressionsexpressionsexpressions
ofofofof thethethethe childchildchildchild’’’’ssss deepdeepdeepdeep feelings.feelings.feelings.feelings. 这种
评语
评语下载剧本评语下载小学第一学期期末评语免费下载小学一年级学生评语考生思想政治品德考核评语
可能是对该学生写作技巧的严厉这种评语可能是对该学生写作技巧的严厉这种评语可能是对该学生写作技巧的严厉这种评语可能是对该学生写作技巧的严厉
批评,但同时也是对那个未曾仔细阅读学生作文的教师令人遗憾的做批评,但同时也是对那个未曾仔细阅读学生作文的教师令人遗憾的做批评,但同时也是对那个未曾仔细阅读学生作文的教师令人遗憾的做批评,但同时也是对那个未曾仔细阅读学生作文的教师令人遗憾的做
法的批评,因为作文中包含表达学生深刻感情的一些优美词句。法的批评,因为作文中包含表达学生深刻感情的一些优美词句。法的批评,因为作文中包含表达学生深刻感情的一些优美词句。法的批评,因为作文中包含表达学生深刻感情的一些优美词句。
9.9.9.9. AAAA breakthroughbreakthroughbreakthroughbreakthrough inininin thethethethe provisionprovisionprovisionprovision ofofofof energyenergyenergyenergy fromfromfromfrom thethethethe sunsunsunsun forforforfor thethethethe
EuropeanEuropeanEuropeanEuropean EconomicEconomicEconomicEconomic CommunityCommunityCommunityCommunity (EEC)(EEC)(EEC)(EEC) couldcouldcouldcould bebebebe broughtbroughtbroughtbrought forwardforwardforwardforward bybybyby
upupupup totototo twotwotwotwo decades,decades,decades,decades, ifififif aaaa modestmodestmodestmodest increaseincreaseincreaseincrease couldcouldcouldcould bebebebe providedprovidedprovidedprovided inininin thethethethe EECEECEECEEC’’’’ssss
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researchresearchresearchresearch efforteffortefforteffort inininin thisthisthisthis field,field,field,field, accordingaccordingaccordingaccording totototo thethethethe seniorseniorseniorsenior EECEECEECEEC scientistsscientistsscientistsscientists
engagedengagedengagedengaged inininin experimentsexperimentsexperimentsexperiments inininin solarsolarsolarsolar energyenergyenergyenergy atatatat EECEECEECEEC’’’’ssss scientificscientificscientificscientific
laboratorieslaboratorieslaboratorieslaboratories atatatat Ispra,Ispra,Ispra,Ispra, nearnearnearnear Milan.Milan.Milan.Milan. 在米兰附近的伊斯普拉的欧共体科在米兰附近的伊斯普拉的欧共体科在米兰附近的伊斯普拉的欧共体科在米兰附近的伊斯普拉的欧共体科
学试验室进行太阳能试验的欧洲经济共同体资深科学家认为,只要略学试验室进行太阳能试验的欧洲经济共同体资深科学家认为,只要略学试验室进行太阳能试验的欧洲经济共同体资深科学家认为,只要略学试验室进行太阳能试验的欧洲经济共同体资深科学家认为,只要略
微增加欧洲经济共同体在利用太阳能方面的研究经费,就能使这方面微增加欧洲经济共同体在利用太阳能方面的研究经费,就能使这方面微增加欧洲经济共同体在利用太阳能方面的研究经费,就能使这方面微增加欧洲经济共同体在利用太阳能方面的研究经费,就能使这方面
的研究提前的研究提前的研究提前的研究提前 20202020年取得突破。年取得突破。年取得突破。年取得突破。
10.10.10.10. Mr.GretzMr.GretzMr.GretzMr.Gretz calculatescalculatescalculatescalculates thatthatthatthat solarsolarsolarsolar energyenergyenergyenergy onlyonlyonlyonly providedprovidedprovidedprovided threethreethreethree percentpercentpercentpercent
ofofofof thethethethe EECEECEECEEC’’’’ssss needs;needs;needs;needs; thisthisthisthis couldcouldcouldcould stillstillstillstill produceproduceproduceproduce aaaa savingsavingsavingsaving ofofofof aboutaboutaboutabout aaaa billionbillionbillionbillion
poundspoundspoundspounds inininin thethethethe presentpresentpresentpresent billbillbillbill forforforfor importedimportedimportedimported energyenergyenergyenergy eacheacheacheach year.year.year.year.格雷茨先生格雷茨先生格雷茨先生格雷茨先生
计算得出,即使太阳能只解决欧共体对能源需求的计算得出,即使太阳能只解决欧共体对能源需求的计算得出,即使太阳能只解决欧共体对能源需求的计算得出,即使太阳能只解决欧共体对能源需求的 3%3%3%3%,每年也能为,每年也能为,每年也能为,每年也能为
其节约价值约其节约价值约其节约价值约其节约价值约 10101010亿英镑的进口能源所需的费用。亿英镑的进口能源所需的费用。亿英镑的进口能源所需的费用。亿英镑的进口能源所需的费用。
11.11.11.11. AtAtAtAt BethBethBethBeth IsraelIsraelIsraelIsrael eacheacheacheach patientpatientpatientpatient isisisis assignedassignedassignedassigned totototo aaaa primaryprimaryprimaryprimary nursenursenursenurse whowhowhowho
visitsvisitsvisitsvisits atatatat lengthlengthlengthlength withwithwithwith thethethethe patientpatientpatientpatient andandandand constructsconstructsconstructsconstructs aaaa full-scalefull-scalefull-scalefull-scale healthhealthhealthhealth
accountaccountaccountaccount thatthatthatthat coverscoverscoverscovers everythingeverythingeverythingeverything fromfromfromfrom hishishishis medicalmedicalmedicalmedical historyhistoryhistoryhistory totototo hishishishis
emotionalemotionalemotionalemotional state.state.state.state.贝斯贝斯贝斯贝斯 以色列医院为每一位病人指派一名责任护士以色列医院为每一位病人指派一名责任护士以色列医院为每一位病人指派一名责任护士以色列医院为每一位病人指派一名责任护士,,,,责责责责
任护士要与指派给他的病人做深入交谈,并对病人的身体状况作全面任护士要与指派给他的病人做深入交谈,并对病人的身体状况作全面任护士要与指派给他的病人做深入交谈,并对病人的身体状况作全面任护士要与指派给他的病人做深入交谈,并对病人的身体状况作全面
纪录,内容包括从病史到病人情绪的一切事情。纪录,内容包括从病史到病人情绪的一切事情。纪录,内容包括从病史到病人情绪的一切事情。纪录,内容包括从病史到病人情绪的一切事情。
12.12.12.12. PapousekPapousekPapousekPapousek’’’’ssss lightlightlightlight displaydisplaydisplaydisplay waswaswaswas placedplacedplacedplaced directlydirectlydirectlydirectly inininin frontfrontfrontfront ofofofof thethethethe babiesbabiesbabiesbabies
andandandand hehehehe mademademademade thethethethe interestinginterestinginterestinginteresting observationobservationobservationobservation thatthatthatthat sometimessometimessometimessometimes theytheytheythey wouldwouldwouldwould
notnotnotnot turnturnturnturn backbackbackback totototo watchwatchwatchwatch thethethethe lightslightslightslights closelycloselycloselyclosely althoughalthoughalthoughalthough theytheytheythey wouldwouldwouldwould ““““smilesmilesmilesmile
andandandand bubblebubblebubblebubble”””” whenwhenwhenwhen thethethethe displaydisplaydisplaydisplay camecamecamecame on.on.on.on.巴普塞克的现实等直接放在婴巴普塞克的现实等直接放在婴巴普塞克的现实等直接放在婴巴普塞克的现实等直接放在婴
儿面前,她观察到如下有趣的现象:有时婴儿并不回头仔细看灯,但儿面前,她观察到如下有趣的现象:有时婴儿并不回头仔细看灯,但儿面前,她观察到如下有趣的现象:有时婴儿并不回头仔细看灯,但儿面前,她观察到如下有趣的现象:有时婴儿并不回头仔细看灯,但
是灯亮的时候就会发出是灯亮的时候就会发出是灯亮的时候就会发出是灯亮的时候就会发出““““哥哥的笑声哥哥的笑声哥哥的笑声哥哥的笑声””””。。。。
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13.13.13.13. ComplainingComplainingComplainingComplaining isisisis usuallyusuallyusuallyusually mostmostmostmost effectiveeffectiveeffectiveeffective whenwhenwhenwhen itititit isisisis donedonedonedone politelypolitelypolitelypolitely butbutbutbut
firmly,firmly,firmly,firmly, andandandand especiallyespeciallyespeciallyespecially whenwhenwhenwhen thethethethe consumerconsumerconsumerconsumer cancancancan demonstratedemonstratedemonstratedemonstrate whatwhatwhatwhat isisisis
wrongwrongwrongwrong withwithwithwith thethethethe itemitemitemitem inininin question.question.question.question. 通常通常通常通常,,,,投诉如果既有礼貌投诉如果既有礼貌投诉如果既有礼貌投诉如果既有礼貌,,,,又很坚决又很坚决又很坚决又很坚决
又极有效,尤其是当消费者能说明有问题的商品的毛病所在时。又极有效,尤其是当消费者能说明有问题的商品的毛病所在时。又极有效,尤其是当消费者能说明有问题的商品的毛病所在时。又极有效,尤其是当消费者能说明有问题的商品的毛病所在时。
14.14.14.14. SoSoSoSo wewewewe sleepsleepsleepsleep wellwellwellwell whenwhenwhenwhen wewewewe areareareare inininin aaaa familiar,familiar,familiar,familiar, safesafesafesafe place,place,place,place, butbutbutbut wewewewe sleepsleepsleepsleep
lightly,lightly,lightly,lightly, ifififif atatatat all,all,all,all, whenwhenwhenwhen wewewewe fearfearfearfear thatthatthatthat bearsbearsbearsbears willwillwillwill nosenosenosenose intointointointo thethethethe tent.tent.tent.tent. 因此,因此,因此,因此,
我们身处熟悉,安全的环境时就睡得好,而担心熊会闯入帐篷时就睡我们身处熟悉,安全的环境时就睡得好,而担心熊会闯入帐篷时就睡我们身处熟悉,安全的环境时就睡得好,而担心熊会闯入帐篷时就睡我们身处熟悉,安全的环境时就睡得好,而担心熊会闯入帐篷时就睡
不好。不好。不好。不好。
15.15.15.15. WhenWhenWhenWhen childrenchildrenchildrenchildren understandunderstandunderstandunderstand thatthatthatthat thethethethe lightlightlightlight ofofofof thethethethe lightinglightinglightinglighting flashingflashingflashingflashing
reachesreachesreachesreaches theirtheirtheirtheir eyeseyeseyeseyes almostalmostalmostalmost atatatat thethethethe samesamesamesame moment,moment,moment,moment, butbutbutbut thethethethe soundsoundsoundsound ofofofof thethethethe
thunderthunderthunderthunder takestakestakestakes aboutaboutaboutabout 5555 secondssecondssecondsseconds totototo traveltraveltraveltravel justjustjustjust oneoneoneone mile,mile,mile,mile, theytheytheythey cancancancan beginbeginbeginbegin
totototo timetimetimetime thethethethe intervalintervalintervalinterval betweenbetweenbetweenbetween thethethethe flashflashflashflash andandandand thethethethe crashcrashcrashcrash totototo learnlearnlearnlearn howhowhowhow closeclosecloseclose
theytheytheythey werewerewerewere totototo thethethethe actualactualactualactual spark.spark.spark.spark. 假如孩子们明白闪电发出的光几乎同时假如孩子们明白闪电发出的光几乎同时假如孩子们明白闪电发出的光几乎同时假如孩子们明白闪电发出的光几乎同时
到达他们的眼睛,而雷声约到达他们的眼睛,而雷声约到达他们的眼睛,而雷声约到达他们的眼睛,而雷声约 5555秒钟才传播秒钟才传播秒钟才传播秒钟才传播 1111英里,那他们就可以开始英里,那他们就可以开始英里,那他们就可以开始英里,那他们就可以开始
给闪电和雷声二者的间隔计时,以了解自己离实际火花的远近。给闪电和雷声二者的间隔计时,以了解自己离实际火花的远近。给闪电和雷声二者的间隔计时,以了解自己离实际火花的远近。给闪电和雷声二者的间隔计时,以了解自己离实际火花的远近。
16.16.16.16. MostMostMostMost peoplepeoplepeoplepeople wouldwouldwouldwould agreeagreeagreeagree that,that,that,that, althoughalthoughalthoughalthough ourourourour ageageageage exceedsexceedsexceedsexceeds allallallall
previouspreviouspreviousprevious agesagesagesages inininin knowledge,knowledge,knowledge,knowledge, theretheretherethere hashashashas beenbeenbeenbeen nononono correspondingcorrespondingcorrespondingcorresponding increaseincreaseincreaseincrease
inininin wisdom.wisdom.wisdom.wisdom.大多数人都会同意这一看法大多数人都会同意这一看法大多数人都会同意这一看法大多数人都会同意这一看法::::尽管当代在知识方面超越了过尽管当代在知识方面超越了过尽管当代在知识方面超越了过尽管当代在知识方面超越了过
去所有的时代,但智慧方面并无相应的增加。去所有的时代,但智慧方面并无相应的增加。去所有的时代,但智慧方面并无相应的增加。去所有的时代,但智慧方面并无相应的增加。
17.17.17.17. WhenWhenWhenWhen theytheytheythey getgetgetget sick,sick,sick,sick, wewewewe transfertransfertransfertransfer themthemthemthem totototo aaaa hospital,hospital,hospital,hospital, wherewherewherewhere childrenchildrenchildrenchildren
areareareare forbiddenforbiddenforbiddenforbidden totototo visitvisitvisitvisit terminallyterminallyterminallyterminally illillillill patients-patients-patients-patients- eveneveneveneven whenwhenwhenwhen thosethosethosethose patientspatientspatientspatients
areareareare theirtheirtheirtheir parents.parents.parents.parents.他们生病时他们生病时他们生病时他们生病时,,,,我们把他们转到医院我们把他们转到医院我们把他们转到医院我们把他们转到医院,,,,而孩子们不许探而孩子们不许探而孩子们不许探而孩子们不许探
望患有不治之症的病人,即使病人就是他们的父母也不行。望患有不治之症的病人,即使病人就是他们的父母也不行。望患有不治之症的病人,即使病人就是他们的父母也不行。望患有不治之症的病人,即使病人就是他们的父母也不行。
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18.18.18.18. WhenWhenWhenWhen wewewewe talktalktalktalk aboutaboutaboutabout someonesomeonesomeonesomeone’’’’ssss personality,personality,personality,personality, wewewewe meanmeanmeanmean thethethethe wayswayswaysways inininin
whichwhichwhichwhich hehehehe orororor sheshesheshe acts,acts,acts,acts, speaks,speaks,speaks,speaks, thinksthinksthinksthinks andandandand feelsfeelsfeelsfeels thatthatthatthat makemakemakemake thatthatthatthat
individualindividualindividualindividual differentdifferentdifferentdifferent formformformform others.others.others.others.我们所说的个性是指示个人与他人不我们所说的个性是指示个人与他人不我们所说的个性是指示个人与他人不我们所说的个性是指示个人与他人不
同的行为,言谈,思维和感觉等方式。同的行为,言谈,思维和感觉等方式。同的行为,言谈,思维和感觉等方式。同的行为,言谈,思维和感觉等方式。
19.19.19.19. Behaviorists,Behaviorists,Behaviorists,Behaviorists, whowhowhowho studystudystudystudy thethethethe relationrelationrelationrelation betweenbetweenbetweenbetween actionsactionsactionsactions andandandand theirtheirtheirtheir
consequences,consequences,consequences,consequences, argueargueargueargue thatthatthatthat rewardsrewardsrewardsrewards cancancancan improveimproveimproveimprove performanceperformanceperformanceperformance atatatat workworkworkwork
andandandand school.school.school.school.研究行为与结果之间的关系的行为主义者认为:奖励能提研究行为与结果之间的关系的行为主义者认为:奖励能提研究行为与结果之间的关系的行为主义者认为:奖励能提研究行为与结果之间的关系的行为主义者认为:奖励能提
高工作和学习表现。高工作和学习表现。高工作和学习表现。高工作和学习表现。
20.20.20.20. CognitiveCognitiveCognitiveCognitive researchers,researchers,researchers,researchers, whowhowhowho studystudystudystudy variousvariousvariousvarious aspectsaspectsaspectsaspects ofofofof mentalmentalmentalmental life,life,life,life,
maintainmaintainmaintainmaintain thatthatthatthat rewardsrewardsrewardsrewards oftenoftenoftenoften destroydestroydestroydestroy creativitycreativitycreativitycreativity bybybyby encouragingencouragingencouragingencouraging
dependencedependencedependencedependence onononon approvalapprovalapprovalapproval andandandand giftsgiftsgiftsgifts fromfromfromfrom others.others.others.others.研究精神生活各个方面研究精神生活各个方面研究精神生活各个方面研究精神生活各个方面
的认知学派研究人员则认为:奖励促使学生对别人给予的肯定和礼物的认知学派研究人员则认为:奖励促使学生对别人给予的肯定和礼物的认知学派研究人员则认为:奖励促使学生对别人给予的肯定和礼物的认知学派研究人员则认为:奖励促使学生对别人给予的肯定和礼物
有依赖心理,常常会破环他们的创造性。有依赖心理,常常会破环他们的创造性。有依赖心理,常常会破环他们的创造性。有依赖心理,常常会破环他们的创造性。
21.21.21.21. SuchSuchSuchSuch enormousenormousenormousenormous numbersnumbersnumbersnumbers usedusedusedused totototo discouragediscouragediscouragediscourage usususus andandandand causecausecausecause usususus totototo
dismissdismissdismissdismiss thethethethe possibilitypossibilitypossibilitypossibility ofofofof makingmakingmakingmaking aaaa machinemachinemachinemachine withwithwithwith human-likehuman-likehuman-likehuman-like ability,ability,ability,ability,
butbutbutbut nownownownow thatthatthatthat wewewewe havehavehavehave growngrowngrowngrown usedusedusedused totototo movingmovingmovingmoving forwardforwardforwardforward atatatat suchsuchsuchsuch aaaa pacepacepacepace
wewewewe cancancancan bebebebe lesslesslessless sure.sure.sure.sure.如此巨大的数目过去常常使我们感到泄气如此巨大的数目过去常常使我们感到泄气如此巨大的数目过去常常使我们感到泄气如此巨大的数目过去常常使我们感到泄气,,,,以至于以至于以至于以至于
放弃了制造具有人类大脑功能的机器人的想法,然而由于我们已经习放弃了制造具有人类大脑功能的机器人的想法,然而由于我们已经习放弃了制造具有人类大脑功能的机器人的想法,然而由于我们已经习放弃了制造具有人类大脑功能的机器人的想法,然而由于我们已经习
惯于如此迅速的发展,我们不再认为没有可能制造具有人类大脑功能惯于如此迅速的发展,我们不再认为没有可能制造具有人类大脑功能惯于如此迅速的发展,我们不再认为没有可能制造具有人类大脑功能惯于如此迅速的发展,我们不再认为没有可能制造具有人类大脑功能
的机器人了。的机器人了。的机器人了。的机器人了。
22.22.22.22. FurtherFurtherFurtherFurther ahead,ahead,ahead,ahead, bybybyby aaaa combinationcombinationcombinationcombination ofof