英语英语音标学习大全

初中英语国际 标准 excel标准偏差excel标准偏差函数exl标准差函数国标检验抽样标准表免费下载红头文件格式标准下载 音标练习元音(20个)单元音12个前元音(4个)[i:][i][e][]　　　　　　　后元音(5个)[ɑ:][:][][u:][u]　　　　　　中元音(3个)[][:][]　　　　　　　　双元音8个合口双元音(5个)[ei][u][ai][au][i]　　　　　　集中双元音(3个)[i][u][]　　　　　　　　辅音(28个)清辅音(11个)[p][t][k][f][s][θ][][t][tr][ts][h]浊辅音(17个)[b][d][g][v][z][e][][d][dr][dz][l][m][n][][j][w][r]　　　　　/i:/bee/bi:/feet/fi:t/keep/ki:p/key/ki:/team/ti:m/meet/mi:t//i/it/it/big/big/city/siti/give/giv/sick/sik//e/get/get/best/best/text/tekst/help/help///fat/ft/have/hv/cat/kt/back/bk/hat/ht//a:/laugh/la:f/glass/gla:s/half/ha:f/farm/fa:m/park/pa:k//:/horse/h:s/saw/s:/corn/k:n/course/k:s/salt/s:t///dog/dg/pot/pt/cost/kst/what/wt/honest/′nist//u:/food/fu:d/moon/mu:n/rule/ru:l/loose/lu:s/noon/nu:n//u/book/buk/put/put/good/gud/would/wud/could/kud///must/mst/does/dz/money/′mni/ugly/′gli/come/km//:/nurse/n:s/bird/b:d/burn/b:n/turn/t:n/girl/g:l///better/bet/never/nev/worker/w:k/welcome/welkm//ei/may/mei/name/neim/game/geim/eight/eit/age/eid?//u/no/nu/home/hum/hope/hup/wrote/rut/note/nut/pose/puz//ai/eye/ai/time/taim/buy/bai/right/rait/bike/baik/kite/kait//au/now/nau/out/aut/how/hau/about/′baut/south/sauθ/house/haus//i/boy/bi/toy/ti/noise/niz/voice/vis/point/pint/coin/kin//i/ear/i/near/ni/idea/ai′di/hear/hi/mere/mi/spear/spi//ε?/air/ε?/tear/tε?/care/kε?/dare/dε?/fair/fε?/there/eε?//u/tour/tu/poor/pu/sure/u/moor/mu/(停泊)your/ju//p/pea/pi:/pie/pai/top/tp/cap/kp/people/pi:pl/pride/praid//b/bee/bi:/by/bai/buy/bai/black/blk/bear/bε?//t/let/let/sat/st/feet/fi:t/team/ti:m/tide/taid//d/led/led/sad/sd/feed/fi:d/do/du:/dear/di//k/lack/lk/take/teik/clock/klk/class/kla:s/weekend/′wi:kend//g/big/big/lag/lg/glass/gla:s/gum/gm/good/gud/guest/gest//f/face/feis/fast/fa:st/leaf/li:f/surf/s:f/favorite/′feivrit//v/very/′veri/five/faiv/fever/′fi:v/serve/s:v/never/′nev//θ/bath/ba:θ/(v洗澡)thick/θik/mouth/mauθ/breath/breθ/(n呼吸)thought/θ:t/author/′θ/truth/tru:θ//e/the/e/they/eei/that/e?t/mother/′me/thus/es/then/een//s/face/feis/mouse/maus/cakes/keiks/caps/kps/likes/laiks/stops/stps//z/close/kluz/keys/ki:z/boys/biz/pens/penz/halves/ha:vz//t?/catch/kt?/cheep/t?i:p/rich/rit?/watch/wt?/child/t?aild/question/kwest?n/teach/ti:t?/challenge/t?lind?//d?/orange/′rid?/large/la:d?/juice/d?u:s/job/d?b//tr/tree/tri:/try/trai/true/tru:/trouble/traubl/track/trk//dr/dry/drai/dream/dri:m/dress/dres/drink/drik/hundred/′hndrid///she/i:/sharp/a:p/fish/fi/shock/k/shoe/u:///pleasure/′ple/measure/′me/television/′telivin//ts/let′s/lets/sports/sp:ts/puts/puts/writes/raits/seats/si:ts//dz/hands/hndz/birds/b:dz/friends/freindz/beds/bedz/stands/stndz//h/he/hi:/hard/ha:d/him/him/heard/h:d/half/ha:f//l/like/laik/late/leit/learn/l:n/lead/li:d/light/lait//m/my/mai/more/m:/seem/si:m/meat/mi:t/mind/maind/men/men//n/nice/nais/wind/waind/mind/maind/rain/rein/fine/fain///sing/si/wing/wi/ring/ri/long/l/beautiful/bju:tfl//j/you/ju:/few/fju:/yard/ja:d/music/′mju:zik/student/′stju:dnt/excuse/ik′skju:z//w/work/w:k/way/wei/well/wel/what/wt/twelve/twelv/twin/twin//r/red/red/road/rud/write/rait/wrong/r/problem/′prblm/音标综合练习1./i://i//e////bit//wi:k//di:l//ril//kid//dig//kwik//tip//zip//rid//wil//fil/bitweekdealrealkiddigquicktipzipridwillfill/pet//pk//gp//kg//ng//rm//btl//sed//′hpi//ten//red/petpackgapcapnagrambattlesaidhappytenred/′setl//tr//di′pend/settletrashdepend2./a://:////u://u//a:sk//ma:sk//pa:st//fra:ns//d//l:n//n:t//p:z//fks//sk/askmaskpastFranceoddlawnnaughtpausefoxsock/fa://la:d?//ma:k//l:d//t://st:m//pt//krp//θ?t//prmis/farlargemarkLordtorchstormpotcropthoughtpromise/huk//lu:s//sut//tuk//mud//θru://pul//wud/hookloosesoottookmoodthroughpullwood3.///////bz//dl//′hri//glf//′trbl//:n//s:f//′t:n//′beg//tk/bussdullhurrygulftroubleearnsurfturnerbeggertuck/k:b//:k//′merik//′sk//′kmp//s′vei//p′veid//p′hps/curbirkAmericasoccercampersurveypervadeperhaps/b:′lesk//′m:d/burlesquemurder3./ei//u//ai//au//i//keip//greit//mein//prpuz//′mun//stun//′uv//sait/kapegreatmainproposemotionstoneoversight/raim//daut//′taipist//aust//mist//′ist/rhymedoubttypistoustmoistoyster4./i?////u?//vi?//′f//d//sk//bu?n//gu?d//′ru?rl//′pi?//klmbi?/veeraffairdarescarebourngourdruralappearColombia/mti?ri?l//misti?ri?s/materialmysterious5./θ//e//mnθ//θi:f//e?t//e?n//feiθ//t′gee?//θ?k//e?m′selvz/monththiefthatthanfaithtogetherthankthemselves1．关于语音的几个概念1)字母：语言的书写形式。元音字母a,e,i(y),o,u,2)音标：词的语音形式。3)音素：音的最小的单位。英语中有48音素。4)音节：由元音和辅音构成的发音单位。ap'ple,stu'dent,tea'cher,un'der'stand5)元音：发音响亮，是乐音；口腔中气流不收阻碍；是构成音节的主要音。英语中有20元音。6)辅音：发音不响亮，是噪音；口腔中气流受到阻碍；不是构成音节的主要音。英语中有28辅音。7)开音节：a)辅音+元音+辅音+enamebike;b)辅音+元音he,go,hi8)闭音节：a)辅音+元音+辅音bad,bed,sit,hot,cup;b)元音+辅音it9)重读音节：单词中发音特别响亮的音节。3.容易混淆的元音1)[e][]bedbad;men,man;pen,pan;lendland2)[i:][ei]realrail;greet,great;mean,main;readraid3)[e][ai]betbite;redwrite;saidside,head,hide4)[au][:]househorse;loudlord;southsauce;nownor;countcorn;cloudclause5)[au][Λ]foundfond;gowngone;downdon21)[w]wall,what,answer22)[j]yes23)[t∫]child,teach,catch24)[d/]joke,bridge,25)[ts]boats26)[dz]goods27)[tr]tree28)[dr]dream5.容易混淆的辅音1)[v][w]vetwet;vestwest;vinewine;verywell2)[s][θ]sinkthink;sortthought;missmyth;massmath3)[z][e]closingclothing;breezebreathe;baysbathes4)[n][η]thinthing;sinsing;banbangwinwing;ranrang6.读音规则1)重读音节(见元音和辅音的例句)2)非重读音节[]banana,student,today,after,[i]orange,secret,evening,very,Monday7.特殊读音1)音的连读：notatall,halfanhour,Iloveyouandall.afterall2)失去爆破：goodgirl,goodstudent,goodjob,expression,school,extreme3)音的同化：thisyear,WouldyoudoitCan'tyouseeit8.重音1)单词重音A)双音节词a)一般在第一个音节重读。letter,sorryb)有a-,be-,de-,re-,res-,in-,im-,en-,em-,es-,ex-,con-,com-,dis-,mis-,pre-,per-,pro-,trans-等前缀的词，第二个音节是重音。a'bout,be'lieve,ad'dress,de'cide,re'port,con'demn,res'pect,com'pare,in'form,dis'cuss,im'press,mis'take,en'force,pre'pare,em'ploy,per'mit,es'cape,pro'duce,ex'claim,trans'latec)有de-,in-,re-,con-,pre-等前缀的重音与词义和词类有关,一般名词的重音在第一个音节上，其它的词性在第二个音节上。'record,re'cord;'insult,in'sult;'conduct,con'duct;'presentpre'sent;'content,con'tentd)有些复合词和带有前缀re-,ex-,un-,pre-,post-,等的词，有两个重音。'out'side,'re'tell,'well-'known,'un'real,'fif'teen,'Chi'nese,'pre-'war,'post-'warB)多音节词a)一般倒数第三个音节是重音。'difficult,'communist,'family,e'conomy,oppor'tunity,de'mocracy.b)有一些双音节词，加了前缀和后缀成了多音节，但这些词按原来词根的重音读音。'carefully,in'definite,'comfortable,con'ductor,ac'cording,dis'turbance,'complicated,es'tablishment,c)词尾有-eous,-grahpy,-ial,-ian,-ic,-ics,-ience,ient,-ify,-ion,-ious,-ity,ive后缀的词，重音在这些后缀的前一个音节上。cour'teous,cal'ligraphy,edi'torial,his'torian,peri'odic,mathe'matics,ex'perience,suf'ficient,i'dentify,trans'lation,re'ligious,curi'osity,pro'tectived)词尾有-ain,-ee,-eer,-ese,-ette后缀的词，重音在该后缀上，而且有一个次重音。enter'tain,emplo'yee,mountai'neer,Japa'nese,ciga'rette2)句子重音A)英语的节奏：（轻）-轻-重-轻-（轻）或重-轻-（轻）（轻）重B)英语句子的长短：是由句子中的重读词的数目决定的，而不是象汉语那样由句子中的汉字数目决定的。C)实词重读（副词重读），虚词轻读(冠词，单音节介词，单音节连词，人称代词，反代词，物主代词，关系代词，相互代词，助动词，情态动词和系动词be.D)实词不重读的特殊情况a)实词第二次出现Hethinksofthatasachildthinks.b)一个名词被第二个名词修饰Imetherintherailwaystation.c)代替词WhichbookdoyouwantThesmallone.d)感叹词中的what和howWhatagooddayitis!Howbeautifulsheis!e)street在专有名词中WangfujingStreet.f)this在这些短语中，thismorning/afternoon/eveningE)虚词重读的特殊情况a)情态动词，助动词和系动词be在句首，句尾和否定时。DoyoulikeitYes,Ido.AreyouadoctorYes,Iam.CanyouhelpmeYes,Ican.Idon'tlikeyou.Heisn'taworker.b)情态动词表示可能，惊奇和肯定时。Theymaycomethisevening.CanitbefivealreadyHemustbeintheroom.c)介词在句首和句尾。Inthebox,hefoundaletter.HeisthepersonItalkedwith.d)引导复合句的连词在句首。Ifyouwish,I'llvisityou.Whenhecomes,I'lltellhim.e)反身代词表示强调。Hecouldn'tcomehimself.英语发音连读的规则连读的条件：相邻的两词在意义上必须密切相关，同属一个意群。连读所构成的音节一般都不重读，只需顺其自然地一带而过，不可读得太重，也不可音。(连读符号：~)(1)“辅音+元音”型连读在同一个意群里，如果相邻两词中的前一个词是以辅音结尾，后一个词是以元音开头，这就要将辅音与元音拼起来连读。I’m~an~Englishboy.It~is~an~oldbook.Letmehave~alook~at~it.MsBlackworkedin~an~officelast~yesterday.Icalled~youhalf~an~hour~ago.Put~it~on,please.Not~at~all.Pleasepick~it~up.(2)“r/re+元音”型连读如果前一个词是以-r或者-re结尾，后一个词是以元音开头，这时的r或re不但要发/r/，而且还要与后面的元音拼起来连读。They’remyfather~andmother.Ilookedfor~ithere~andthere.There~isafootballunder~it.There~aresomebooksonthedesk.Here~isaletterforyou.Here~arefour~eggs.Butwhere~ismycup?Where~areyourbrother~andsister但是，如果一个音节的前后都有字母r，即使后面的词以元音开头，也不能连读。Theblackcloudsarecomingnearerandnearer.（nearer与and不可连读）(3)“辅音+半元音”型连读英语语音中的/j/和/w/是半元音，如果前一个词是以辅音结尾，后一个词是以半元音，特别是/j/开头，此时也要连读。Thank~you.Nicetomeet~you.Did~yougettherelate~again?Would~youlike~acup~oftea？Could~youhelpme,please?“音的同化”—常把/d/+/j/读成/dV/，didyou听上成了/dIdVu/，wouldyou成了/wudVu/，couldyou成了/kudVu/。(4)“元音+元音”型连读如果前一个词以元音结尾，后一个词以元音开头，这两个音往往也要自然而不间断地连读到一起。I~amChinese.He~isveryfriendlytome.Shewantstostudy~English.How~andwhydidyoucomehere?Shecan’tcarry~it.It’lltakeyouthree~hourstowalkthere.Thequestionistoo~easyforhimtoanswer.(5)当短语或从句之间按意群进行停顿时，意群与意群之间即使有两个相邻的辅音与元音出现，也不可连读。Is~ita~hatoracat（hat与or之间不可以连读）There~is~agoodbookinmydesk.（book与in之间不可以连读）Canyouspeak~EnglishorFrench（English与or之间不可以连读）Shallwemeetat~eightortentomorrowmorning（meet与at，eight与or之间不可以连读）Sheopenedthedoorandwalked~in.（door与and之间不可以连读）失去爆破6个爆破音有3对/p/，/b/，/t/，/d/，/k/，/g/失去爆破，又叫不完全爆破，就是在某些情况下，只须做出发音的准备，但并不发音，稍稍停顿后就发后面的音。(1)“爆破音+爆破音”型6个爆破音中的任意2个相临时，前一个爆破音会失去爆破，即由相关的发音器官做好这个发音的姿势，稍做停顿后即发后面的爆破音。Thegirlinthere(d)coatwasonabla(ck)bikejus(t)now.Thebi(g)busfromthefa(c)toryisfullofpeople.Wha(t)timedoeshegetupeverymorningThisisanol(d)pi(c)tureofabi(g)car.Theol(d)do(c)torhasaca(t),too.We’regoingtoworkonafarmnex(t)Tuesday.Whatwouldyoulike,ho(t)teaorbla(ck)coffee?It’saverycol(d)day,butit’sagoo(d)day.Youcanputi(t)downinthebi(g)garden.Iboughtachea(p)book,butit’sagoo(d)book.(2)“爆破音+摩擦音”型如果前面是爆破音，其后紧跟着某些摩擦音（如/f/，/s/，/W/，/T/等），那么前面那个爆破音仅有十分轻微的爆破，而后面那个摩擦音则要完全爆破。6个爆破音有3对/p/，/b/，/t/，/d/，/k/，/g/失去爆破，又叫不完全爆破，就是在某些情况下，只须做出发音的准备，但并不发音，稍稍停顿后就发后面的音。(1)“爆破音+爆破音”型6个爆破音中的任意2个相临时，前一个爆破音会失去爆破，即由相关的发音器官做好这个发音的姿势，稍做停顿后即发后面的爆破音。Thegirlinthere(d)coatwasonabla(ck)bikejus(t)now.Thebi(g)busfromthefa(c)toryisfullofpeople.Wha(t)timedoeshegetupeverymorning?Thisisanol(d)pi(c)tureofabi(g)car.Theol(d)do(c)torhasaca(t),too.We’regoingtoworkonafarmnex(t)Tuesday.Whatwouldyoulike,ho(t)teaorbla(ck)coffeeIt’saverycol(d)day,butit’sagoo(d)day.Youcanputi(t)downinthebi(g)garden.Iboughtachea(p)book,butit’sagoo(d)book.(2)“爆破音+摩擦音”型如果前面是爆破音，其后紧跟着某些摩擦音（如/f/，/s/，/W/，/T/等），那么前面那个爆破音仅有十分轻微的爆破，而后面那个摩擦音则要完全爆破。Goo(d)morning,Mr.Bell.Goo(d)morning,dear.UncleLi’sfa(c)toryisqui(te)neartothecinema.Iwen(t)therealonea(t)ninelas(t)night.-Doyouknowhisbi(ke)number-Sorry,Idon’(t)know.Theforty-firs(t)lessonisqui(te)difficult.Goo(d)luck,LinTao