Cognitive Poetics Navigation:
Stockwell Ch. 7
Lakoff & Johnson Fauconnier (1985)
(1980, 1999) Fauconnier & Turner (2002)
Lakoff (1987) (Mental space theory)
Johnson (1987) Stockwell Ch. 6
Langacker (1987, 1990, 1991)
Stockwell Ch. 2
Cf. Ostranenie
Defamiliarization
Verfremdung
Cf. reception
reader-response Stockwell Ch. 4
genre
intertextuality
Rosch (1988)
Lakoff (1987)
cf. Wittgenstein
(Stockwell Ch. 3) Stockwell Ch. 10
COGNITIVE POETICS
Metaphor Theory NarratologyStylistics
“Language &
Literature”
Image
Schemas
CIN /
Blending
Theory
Figure/Ground
Discourse
Worlds
Schema Poetics
Frames
Deixis
/ContextAnchoring
Critical
Discourse Anal
Text Worlds
Prototypes
X Y
Cognitive Poetics: Where’s It Coming from?
Conceptual meaning
Comprehensive Linguistic Meaning exists
meaning meaning before syntax
Writing
technologies
Cognitive Poetics
Cognitive Linguistics
Cognitive Semantics
Cognitive Pragmatics
Cognitive Science
Linguistics Psychology
Computer Science / AI
Computer Science / AI
Neurology / Neuroscience Anthropology
Philosophy
Cognitive Semiotics
Literary Studies
Stylistics
Cognitive
Diagram built from Wales, 2001: 372-3
Stylistics
Literary Criticism Linguistics
Critical Linguistics/
Critical Discourse
Analysis
Computational
Stylistics
*Cognitive
Stylistics*
Expressive
Stylistics
Ethical
Stylistics
Discourse
Stylistics
Formalist
Stylistics
Functionalist
Stylistics
Linguistic
Criticism
Practical
Stylistics
Stylometry
Text
Linguistics
Cognitive Stylistics, a. k. a. Cognitive Poetics, a new area of study
within Stylistics:
Titles reflecting that Cognitive Stylistics/Poetics is now recognized as an area within
stylistics:
Semino, E. & Culpeper, J. (eds.) (2002) Cognitive Stylistics: Language and Cognition in Text
Analysis, Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Stockwell, P. (2002) Introduction to Cognitive Poetics, London: Routledge.
Steen, G. & Gavins J. (eds.) (2003) Introductory Readings in Cognitive Poetics, London:
Routledge.
Cognitive Stylistics has, nevertheless, been developing over (at least) the past ten years.
Examples of this type of work can be found in more specialised studies on specific topics,
such as:
-Schema theory (e.g. Cook, 1994; Semino, 1997)
-Text world theory (Werth, 1999; Emmott, 1997; Hidalgo-Downing, 2000; Stockwell 2000;
Gavins, 2000)
-Metaphor theory (e.g. Freeman, 1993; Steen, 1994; Gibbs 1994; Gibbs & Steen, 1999)
-Foregrounding (van Peer, 1986, Emmott, 2002 a)
-Cognition and emotion (e.g. Miall & Kuiken, 1994; Burke. Forthcoming)
Cognitive Stylistics – Interdisciplinary origins and related areas of study:
-Artificial Intelligence and Psychology (e.g. Schank & Abelson, 1977; Sanford & Garrod,
1981)
-Cognitive Linguistics (e.g. Lakoff & Johnson, 1980; Lakoff & Turner, 1989; Fauconnier
1994, Turner, 1991)
-General Linguistics (other cognitive approaches) and Discourse Studies (e.g. Ariel 1990;
Chafe, 1980)
-Earlier Literary Linguistic work on stylistic devices (e.g. Mukarovsk_, 1964)
-Literary Theory (reader response theory and reception theory) (Iser, 1978; Ingarden, 1978;
Eco, 1994)
-Cognitive Narratology (e.g. Fludernik 1996; Herman 2002, in press)
-Empirical Study of Literature (e.g. van Peer, 1986; Zwaan, 1993, Làslô, 1999)
-Education: reading research, applied schema theory, developmental psychology, etc. (e.g.
Davies, 1994; Cook 1994; McCabe & Peterson, 1991)
-Film Studies (e.g. Anderson, 1996)
(Adapted from Emmott 2002c)
Traditional Stylistics and Cognitive Stylistics
Traditional Stylistics focuses primarily on linguistic features observable in the text
(parallelism, lexical patterning, metaphors, etc.) that contribute to the overall meaning of a
text.
Cognitive Stylistics look not just at the text, but at the mind’s contribution to reading.
Traditional topics are augmented by the study of additional topics. For example:
-Schema Theory (e.g. Schank &Abelson, 1977) shows how “general” knowledge is needed
to make sense of a text; Text World Theory (e.g. Werth, 1999) shows how knowledge of
characters, places and events, accumulated during our reading of specific texts, is needed to
interpret later sentences in the same texts.
-Cognitive Stylisticians explore how certain types of linguistic item (e.g. pronouns) can only
be understood using the reader’s knowledge, beliefs and inferences (e.g. Semino, 1997,
Emmott, in press (b)) Cf. Cognitive Semantics.
-Cognitive Stylisticians study the impact of foregrounding devices on readers (e.g. van Peer,
1986; Steen, 1994; Gibbs, 1994). Cf. Figure & Ground.
-Cognitive Stylisticians observe (using literary(-linguistic) “reader response “ or
psychological techniques) the attention that readers pay to the text, the memory that readers
have for what they have read and the different interpretations they have. Cf. Cognitive Deixis.
-Cognitive Stylisticians examine the cognitive processes involved in understanding the
“poetic” features studied by traditional Stylisticians, e.g. Cognitive Linguistic and Cognitive
Stylistic research on metaphors and similes. Cf. Image Schemas; Blending Theory;
Conceptual Integration Theory
(Adapted from Emmott 2002c)
Prepared by Dr. Ulf Cronquist
Posted 8-31-03
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