A335英文版

Designation: A 335/A 335M – 06 Standard Specification for Seamless Ferritic Alloy-Steel Pipe for High-Temperature Service1 This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 335/A 335M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval. This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense. 1. Scope* 1.1 This specification2 covers nominal wall and minimum wall seamless ferritic alloy-steel pipe intended for high- temperature service. Pipe ordered to this specification shall be suitable for bending, flanging (vanstoning), and similar form- ing operations, and for fusion welding. Selection will depend upon design, service conditions, mechanical properties, and high-temperature characteristics. 1.2 Several grades of ferritic steels (see Note 1) are covered. Their compositions are given in Table 1. NOTE 1—Ferritic steels in this specification are defined as low- and intermediate-alloy steels containing up to and including 10 % chromium. 1.3 Supplementary requirements (S1 to S7) of an optional nature are provided. These supplementary requirements call for additional tests to be made, and when desired, shall be so stated in the order together with the number of such tests required. 1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specifi- cation. The inch-pound units shall apply unless the “M” designation of this specification is specified in the order. NOTE 2—The dimensionless designator NPS (nominal pipe size) has been substituted in this standard for such traditional terms as “nominal diameter,” “size,” and “nominal size.” 2. Referenced Documents 2.1 ASTM Standards: 3 A 999/A 999M Specification for General Requirements for Alloy and Stainless Steel Pipe E 213 Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Metal Pipe and Tubing E 309 Practice for Eddy-Current Examination of Steel Tu- bular Products Using Magnetic Saturation E 381 Method of Macroetch Testing Steel Bars, Billets, Blooms, and Forgings E 527 Practice for Numbering Metals and Alloys (UNS) E 570 Practice for Flux Leakage Examination of Ferromag- netic Steel Tubular Products 2.2 ASME Standard: B36.10M Welded and Seamless Wrought Steel Pipe 2.3 Other Documents: SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice for Nondestructive Personnel Qualification and Certification4 SAE J 1086 Practice for Numbering Metals and Alloys (UNS)5 3. Ordering Information 3.1 Orders for material under this specification should include the following, as required, to describe the desired material adequately: 3.1.1 Quantity (feet, metres, or number of lengths), 3.1.2 Name of material (seamless alloy steel pipe), 3.1.3 Grade (Table 1), 3.1.4 Manufacture (hot-finished or cold-drawn), 3.1.5 Size using one of the following: 3.1.5.1 NPS and schedule number, 3.1.5.2 Outside diameter and nominal wall thickness, 3.1.5.3 Outside diameter and minimum wall thickness, 3.1.5.4 Inside diameter and nominal wall thickness, and 3.1.5.5 Inside diameter and minimum wall thickness. 3.1.6 Length (specific or random), 3.1.7 End finish (Ends Section of Specification A 999/ A 999M), 1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.10 on Stainless and Alloy Steel Tubular Products. Current edition approved May 1, 2006. Published May 2006. Originally approved in 1951. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as A 335/A 335M-05a. 2 For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specifi- cation SA-335 in Section II of that Code. 3 For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website. 4 Available from The American Society for Nondestructive Testing (ASNT), P.O. Box 28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518. 5 Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001. 1 *A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard. Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States. Copyright ASTM International Provided by IHS under license with ASTM Licensee=Defense Contract Mgmt Command/5935922100 Not for Resale, 06/17/2006 06:12:45 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS - - ` ` ` , , , , ` ` ` ` ` , , , ` , , , ` , ` , , ` ` ` , ` - ` - ` , , ` , , ` , ` , , ` - - - 3.1.8 Optional requirements (Section 8, 12 and 13 of this specification. See the Sections on Hydrostatic Test Require- ments and Permissible Variation in Weight for Seamless Pipe in Specification A 999/A 999M), 3.1.9 Test report required (Certification Section of Specifi- cation A 999/A 999M), 3.1.10 Specification designation, and 3.1.11 Special requirements or any supplementary require- ments selected, or both. 4. General Requirements 4.1 Material furnished to this specification shall conform to the applicable requirements of the current edition of Specifi- cation A 999/A 999M, unless otherwise provided herein. TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements Grade UNS Designa- tionA Composition, % Carbon Man-ganese Phos- phorus, max Sulfur, max Silicon Chromium Molybde- num Others P1 K11522 0.10–0.20 0.30–0.80 0.025 0.025 0.10–0.50 . . . 0.44–0.65 . . . P2 K11547 0.10–0.20 0.30–0.61 0.025 0.025 0.10–0.30 0.50–0.81 0.44–0.65 . . . P5 K41545 0.15 max 0.30–0.60 0.025 0.025 0.50 max 4.00–6.00 0.45–0.65 . . . P5b K51545 0.15 max 0.30–0.60 0.025 0.025 1.00–2.00 4.00–6.00 0.45–0.65 . . . P5c K41245 0.12 max 0.30–0.60 0.025 0.025 0.50 max 4.00–6.00 0.45–0.65 . . .B P9 S50400 0.15 max 0.30–0.60 0.025 0.025 0.25–1.00 8.00–10.00 0.90–1.10 . . . P11 K11597 0.05–0.15 0.30–0.60 0.025 0.025 0.50–1.00 1.00–1.50 0.44–0.65 . . . P12 K11562 0.05–0.15 0.30–0.61 0.025 0.025 0.50 max 0.80–1.25 0.44–0.65 . . . P15 K11578 0.05–0.15 0.30–0.60 0.025 0.025 1.15–1.65 . . . 0.44–0.65 . . . P21 K31545 0.05–0.15 0.30–0.60 0.025 0.025 0.50 max 2.65–3.35 0.80–1.06 . . . P22 K21590 0.05–0.15 0.30–0.60 0.025 0.025 0.50 max 1.90–2.60 0.87–1.13 . . . P23 K41650 0.04–0.10 0.10–0.60 0.030 max 0.010 max 0.50 max 1.90–2.60 0.05–0.30 V 0.20–0.30 Cb 0.02–0.08 B 0.0005–0.006 N 0.030 max Al 0.030 max W 1.45–1.75 P36 K21001 0.10–0.17 0.80–1.20 0.030 max 0.025 max 0.25–0.50 0.30 max 0.25–0.50 Ni 1.00-1.30 Cu 0.50-0.80 Cb 0.015-0.045 V 0.02 max N 0.02 max Al 0.050 max P91 K91560 0.08–0.12 0.30–0.60 0.020 0.010 0.20–0.50 8.00–9.50 0.85–1.05 V 0.18–0.25 N 0.030–0.070 Ni 0.40 max Al 0.02 max Cb 0.06–0.10 Ti 0.01 max Zr 0.01 max P92 K92460 0.07–0.13 0.30–0.60 0.020 0.010 0.50 max 8.50–9.50 0.30–0.60 V 0.15–0.25 N 0.03–0.07 Ni 0.40 max Al 0.02 max Cb 0.04–0.09 W 1.5–2.00 B 0.001–0.006 Ti 0.01 max Zr 0.01 max P122 K92930 0.07–0.14 0.70 max 0.020 0.010 0.50 max 10.00–11.50 0.25–0.60 V 0.15–0.30 W 1.50–2.50 Cu 0.30–1.70 Cb 0.04–0.10 B 0.0005–0.005 N 0.040–0.100 Ni 0.50 max Al 0.020 max Ti 0.01 max Zr 0.01 max P911 K91061 0.09–0.13 0.30–0.60 0.020 max 0.010 max 0.10–0.50 8.5–9.5 0.90–1.10 V 0.18–0.25 Ni 0.40 max Cb 0.060–0.10 B 0.0003–0.006 N 0.04–0.09 Al 0.02 max W 0.90–1.10 Ti 0.01 max Zr 0.01 max A New designation established in accordance with Practice E 527 and SAE J1086, Practice for Numbering Metals and Alloys (UNS). B Grade P 5c shall have a titanium content of not less than 4 times the carbon content and not more than 0.70 %; or a columbium content of 8 to 10 times the carbon content. A 335/A 335M – 06 2Copyright ASTM International Provided by IHS under license with ASTM Licensee=Defense Contract Mgmt Command/5935922100 Not for Resale, 06/17/2006 06:12:45 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS --```,,,,`````,,,`,,,`,`,,```,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- 5. Materials and Manufacture 5.1 Pipe may be either hot finished or cold drawn with the finishing treatment as required in 5.3. 5.2 Grade P2 and P12—The steel shall be made by coarse- grain melting practice. Specific limits, if any, on grain size or deoxidation practice shall be a matter of agreement between the manufacturer and purchaser. 5.3 Heat Treatment: 5.3.1 All pipe shall be reheated for heat treatment and heat treated in accordance with the requirements of Table 2. NOTE 3—It is recommended that the temperature for tempering should be at least 100 °F [50 °C] above the intended service temperature; consequently, the purchaser should advise the manufacturer if the service temperature is to be over 1100 °F [600 °C]. NOTE 4—Certain of the ferritic steels covered by this specification will harden if cooled rapidly from above their critical temperature. Some will air harden, that is, become hardened to an undesirable degree when cooled in air from high temperatures. Therefore, operations involving heating such steels above their critical temperatures, such as welding, flanging, and hot bending, should be followed by suitable heat treatment. 6. Chemical Composition 6.1 The steel shall conform to the requirements as to chemical composition prescribed in Table 1. 7. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance 7.1 The pipe manufacturer shall explore a sufficient number of visual surface imperfections to provide reasonable assurance that they have been properly evaluated with respect to depth. Exploration of all surface imperfections is not required but may be necessary to ensure compliance with 7.2 7.2 Surface imperfections that penetrate more than 121⁄2 % of the nominal wall thickness or encroach on the minimum wall thickness shall be considered defects. Pipe with such defects shall be given one of the following dispositions: 7.2.1 The defect may be removed by grinding provided that the remaining wall thickness is within specified limits. 7.2.2 Repaired in accordance with the repair welding pro- visions of 7.6. 7.2.3 The section of pipe containing the defect may be cut off within the limits of requirements on length. 7.2.4 Rejected. 7.3 To provide a workmanlike finish and basis for evaluat- ing conformance with 7.2, the pipe manufacturer shall remove by grinding the following: 7.3.1 Mechanical marks, abrasions (see Note 5) and pits, any of which imperfections are deeper than 1⁄16 in. [1.6 mm]. TABLE 2 Heat Treatment RequirementsA Grade Heat Treat Type Normalizing Temperature, min or range °F [°C] Cooling Media Subcritical Annealing or Tempering Temperature, min or range °F [°C] P1 full or isothermal anneal . . . . . . . . . normalize and temper . . . . . . 1200 [650] subcritical anneal . . . . . . 1200-1300 [650-705] P2 full or isothermal anneal . . . . . . . . . normalize and temper . . . . . . 1250 [675] subcritical anneal . . . . . . 1200-1300 [650-705] P5 full or isothermal anneal . . . . . . . . . normalize and temper . . . . . . 1250 [675] P5b full or isothermal anneal . . . . . . . . . normalize and temper . . . . . . 1250 [675] P5c subcritical anneal . . . . . . 1325-1375 [715-745] P9 full or isothermal anneal . . . . . . . . . normalize and temper . . . . . . 1250 [675] P11 full or isothermal anneal . . . . . . . . . normalize and temper . . . . . . 1200 [650] P12 full or isothermal anneal . . . . . . . . . normalize and temper . . . . . . 1200 [650] subcritical anneal . . . . . . 1200-1300 [650-705] P15 full or isothermal anneal . . . . . . . . . normalize and temper . . . . . . 1200 [650] P21 full or isothermal anneal . . . . . . . . . normalize and temper . . . . . . 1250 [675] P22 full or isothermal anneal . . . . . . . . . normalize and temper . . . . . . 1250 [675] P23 normalize and temper 1900-1975 [1040-1080] air or accelerated cooling 1350-1470 [730-800] P36 normalize and temperB 1650 [900] . . . 1100 [595] P91 normalize and temper 1900-1975 [1040-1080] . . . 1350-1470 [730-800]C quench and temperD 1900-1975 [1040-1080] . . . 1350-1470 [730-800] P92 normalize and temper 1900-1975 [1040-1080] . . . 1350-1470 [730-800] P122 normalize and temper 1900-1975 [1040-1080] . . . 1350-1470 [730-800] P911 normalize and temper 1900-1975 [1040-1080] E 1365-1435 [740-780] AWhere ellipses (…) appear in this table there is no requirement. BAlternatively, Grade P36, Class 2 shall be cooled from the austenitizing temperature by accelerated cooling in air or by liquid quenching. CExcept when Supplementary Requirement S7 is specified by the purchaser. D When mutually agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser, quenching and tempering shall be permitted for thicknesses greater than 3 in. [75 mm]. E Accelerated cooling from the normalizing temperature shall be permitted for section thicknesses greater than 3 in. [75 mm]. A 335/A 335M – 06 3Copyright ASTM International Provided by IHS under license with ASTM Licensee=Defense Contract Mgmt Command/5935922100 Not for Resale, 06/17/2006 06:12:45 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS - - ` ` ` , , , , ` ` ` ` ` , , , ` , , , ` , ` , , ` ` ` , ` - ` - ` , , ` , , ` , ` , , ` - - - NOTE 5—Marks and abrasions are defined as cable marks, dinges, guide marks, roll marks, ball scratches, scores, die marks, and the like. 7.3.2 Visual imperfections, commonly referred to as scabs, seams, laps, tears, or slivers, found by exploration in accor- dance with 7.1 to be deeper than 5 % of the nominal wall thickness. 7.4 At the purchaser’s discretion, pipe shall be subject to rejection if surface imperfections acceptable under 7.2 are not scattered, but appear over a large area in excess of what is considered a workmanlike finish. Disposition of such pipe shall be a matter of agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser. 7.5 When imperfections or defects are removed by grinding, a smooth curved surface shall be maintained, and the wall thickness shall not be decreased below that permitted by this specification. The outside diameter at the point of grinding may be reduced by the amount so removed. 7.5.1 Wall thickness measurements shall be made with a mechanical caliper or with a properly calibrated nondestructive testing device of appropriate accuracy. In case of dispute, the measurement determined by use of the mechanical caliper shall govern. 7.6 Weld repair shall be permitted only subject to the approval of the purchaser and in accordance with Specification A 999/A 999M. 7.6.1 After weld repair, Grades P23, P91, P92, and P122 shall be heat treated at 1350-1470 ºF [730-800 ºC]. 7.6.2 After weld repair, Grade P911 shall be heat treated at 1365-1435 ºF [740-780 ºC]. 7.7 The finished pipe shall be reasonably straight. 8. Product Analysis 8.1 At the request of the purchaser, an analysis of two pipes from each lot shall be made by the manufacturer. A lot (see Note 6) of pipe shall consist of the following: NPS Designator Under 2 400 or fraction thereof 2 to 5 200 or fraction thereof 6 and over 100 or fraction thereof NOTE 6—A lot shall consist of the number of lengths specified in 8.1 of the same size and wall thickness from any one heat of steel. 8.2 The results of these analyses shall be reported to the purchaser or the purchaser’s representative, and shall conform to the requirements specified in Table 1. 8.3 For grade P 91 the carbon content may vary for the product analysis by −0.01 % and +0.02 % from the specified range as per Table 1. 8.4 If the analysis of one of the tests specified in 8.1 does not conform to the requirements specified in 6.1, an analysis of each billet or pipe from the same heat or lot may be made, and all billets or pipe conforming to the requirements shall be accepted. 9. Tensile and Hardness Requirements 9.1 The tensile properties of the material shall conform to the requirements prescribed in Table 3. 9.2 Table 4 lists elongation requirements. 9.3 Pipe of Grades P91, P92, P122, and P36 shall have a hardness not exceeding 250 HB/265 HV [25 HRC]. 9.4 Table 5 gives the computed minimum elongation values for each 1⁄32-in. [0.8-mm] decrease in wall thickness. Where the wall thickness lies between two values above, the minimum elongation value is determined by the following formula: Direction of Test EquationB Longitudinal, all grades except P23, P91, P92, P122, and P911 E = 48t + 15.00 [E = 1.87t + 15.00] Transverse, all grades except P23, P91, P92, P122, and P911 E = 32t + 10.00 [E = 1.25t + 10.00] Longitudinal, P23, P91, P92, P122, and P911 E = 32t + 10.00 [E = 1.25t + 10.00] Longitudinal, P36 E = 32t + 5.0 [E = 1.25t + 5.0] where: E = elongation in 2 in. or 50 mm, %, and t = actual thickness of specimens, in. [mm]. 10. Permissible Variations in Diameter 10.1 For pipe ordered to NPS [DN] or outside diameter, variations in outside diameter shall not exceed those specified in Table 6. 10.2 For pipe ordered to inside diameter, the inside diameter shall not vary more than 6 1 % from the specified inside diameter. 11. Permissible Variations in Wall Thickness 11.1 In addition to the implicit limitation of wall thickness for pipe imposed by the limitation on weight in Specification A 999/A 999M, the wall thickness for pipe at any point shall be within the tolerances specified in Table 7. The minimum wall thickness and outside diameter for inspection for compliance with this requirement for pipe ordered by NPS [DN] and schedule number is shown in ASME B36.10M. 12. Hydrostatic Test 12.1 Each length of pipe shall be subjected to the hydro- static test, except as provided for in 12.2 or 12.3. TABLE 3 Tensile Requirements Grade P1, P2 P12 P23 P91 P92, P911P36 Class 1 P122 P36 Class 2 All Others Tensile strength, min: ksi MPa 55 380 60 415 74 510 85 585 90 620 90 620 95.5 660 60 415 Yield strength, min: ksi MPa 30 205 32 220 58 400 60 415 64 440 58 400 66.5 460 30 205 A 335/A 335M – 06 4Copyright ASTM International Provided by IHS under license with ASTM Licensee=Defense Contract Mgmt Command/5935922100 Not for Resale, 06/17/2006 06:12:45 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS - - ` ` ` , , , , ` ` ` ` ` , , , ` , , , ` , ` , , ` ` ` , ` - ` - ` , , ` , , ` , ` , , ` - - - 12.2 Unless otherwise specified in the purchase order, each length of pipe shall, at the option of the manufacturer, be subjected to the nondestructive electric test as shown in Section 13 in lieu of the hydrostatic test. 12.3 When specified by the purchaser, pipe shall be fur- nished without hydrostatic test and without nondestructive examination. 12.4 When specified by the purchaser, pipe shall be fur- nished with both the hydrostatic test and a nondestructive examination having been performed. 13. Nondestructive Examination 13.1 When selected by the manufacturer or when specified in the order, as an alternative to the hydrostatic test (12.2), or when specified in the purchase order in addition to the hydrostatic test (12.4), each pipe shall be examined by a nondestructive examination method in accordance with Prac- tice E 213, Practice E 309 or Practice E 570. The range of pipe sizes that may be examined by each method shall be subject to the limitations in the scope of the respective practices. 13.2 The following information is for the benefit of the user of this specification: 13.2.1 The reference standards defined in 13.8 are conve- nient standards for standardization of nondestructive examina- tion equipment. The dimensions of these standards should