（一）虚拟语气

nullnullMBA英语基础语法辅导虚 拟 语 气四大金刚语法之一主讲：黎景杰null1. 真实条件句 真实条件句用于陈述语气，假设的情况可能发生，其中 if 是如果的意思。 时态关系 句型： 条件从句　　 　 主句 一般现在时　 shall/will/情态动词 + 动词原形 例句： If he comes, he will bring his violin. 典型例 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 典型例题 The volleyball match will be put off if it ___. A. will rain B. rains C. rained D. is rained 　 答案B。真实条件句主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时。 推迟null 注意：在真实条件句中，主句不能用be going to 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 示将来，该用shall, will. 　 If you leave now, you are never going to regret it. (错)　(对) If you leave now, you will never regret it. null2. 非真实条件句 1）时态：可以表示过去，现在和将来的情况。它的基本特点是时态退后。 a.　 同现在事实相反的假设。 句型 ：条件从句　　　　　主句 一般过去时　 would/could/should +动词原形 If they were here, they would help you. nullb. 同过去事实相反的假设。 c. 同将来事实相反的假设。null判断一个句子与哪种事实相反：判断一个句子与哪种事实相反：如果早知道中国足球队会输给伊拉克， 我就不会看这场比赛了！If I had known China soccer team was beaten by Iraq team,I would not have watched this game.null3. 混合条件句 主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，这时主，从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这叫做混合条件句。 If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now. （从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。） If it had rained last night (过去), it would be very cold today (现在). null4. 虚拟条件句的倒装 虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were, should, 或had, 可将if省略，再把were, should或had 移到从句句首，实行倒装。 Were they here now, they could help us. =If they were here now, they could help us. Had you come earlier, you would have met him. =If you had come earlier, you would have met him. null 注意： 在虚拟语气的从句中，动词'be'的过去时态一律用"were"，不用was， 即在从句中be用were代替。 If I were you, I would go to look for him. 　　 如果我是你，就会去找他。 If he were here, everything would be all right. 　　 如果他在这儿，一切都会好的。 null_____ to do the work, I should do it some other day. A. If were I　　 B. I were　C. Were I　D. Was I 1.在虚拟条件状语中如果有were, should, had这三个词，通常将if省略，主语提前, 变成 were, should, had +主语的形式。 2. 在虚拟条件状语从句中，省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说 Were I not to do., 而不能说 Weren't I to do. 答案:Cnull陈述语气与虚拟语气 典型例题 1) The volleyball match will be put off if it _____.　 A.　will rain　 B. rains　 C. rained　 D. is rained 2) --- Would you have called her up _____ possible? --- Yes, but I _____ busy doing my homework. A. had it been … was B. if it was … were C. if it had been … had been D. if it were … would be B该句为陈述语气，因为主句用的是 will be put off。真实条件句主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时代将来时。问句中用的是虚拟语气，主句用 would have called, 从句中与过去相反的动词形式为 had done；答句中表示的是真实的情况，所以该用陈述语气。Anull考题点击 1) You didn’t let me drive. If we ____ in turn, you ____ so tired. A. drove…didn’t get B. had driven…wouldn’t have got C. drove…wouldn’t get D. were driving…wouldn’t get 2) It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _____ in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.　 A. wouldn’t have fallen B. had not fallen C. should fall D. were to fall 前句用的是陈述语气，表示过去发生的事；后句是虚拟语气，表示与过去相反。BB该句主句中用的是与现在相反的虚拟语气，而从句中使用的是与过去相反的虚拟语气。全句意思为“如果我不在七岁时迷上了我们家乡的 Melinda Cox Library，我真不能想象我今天会做什么。”null5. 特殊的虚拟语气词：should 1） It is demanded / necessary / a pity等词 + that…结构中的主语从句的谓语动词要用should 加动词原形， should 可省略。 句型： 　　 (1)suggested It is　 (2)important　that…+ (should) do 　　　(3) a pity null(1)suggested, ordered, proposed, required, demanded, requested, insisted …(2)important, necessary, natural, strange …It is suggested that we (should) hold a meeting next week. It is necessary that he (should) come to our meeting tomorrow. null2）在宾语从句中的应用 在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中。 order, suggest, propose, require, demand, request, insist, command, insist + (should) do I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week. He insisted that he (should ) be sent there. null注意： 如suggest, insist不表示"建议" 或"坚持要某人做某事时"，即它们用于其本意"暗示、表明"、"坚持认为"时，宾语从句用陈述语气。 The guard at gate insisted that everybody obey the rules. null判断改错: 错：You pale face suggests that you (should) be ill. 对：Your pale face suggests that you are ill. 错：I insisted that you (should) be wrong. 对：I insisted that you were wrong. null3）在表语从句，同位语从句中的应用 在suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形。 My idea is that we (should) get more people to attend the conference. I make a proposal that we (should) hold a meeting next week. null6. 虚拟语气在其它情况下的使用 1) wish 后的虚拟语气： 考题点击： How I wish every family _____ a large house with a beautiful garden! A. has B. had C. will have D. had had 2) as if 从句： 考题点击： When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it ____. A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been brokenBCnull3) It’s time 从句： It is (high) time that 后面的从句谓语动词要用过去式或用should加动词原形，但should不可省略。 　 It is time that the children went to bed. 　 It is high time that the children should go to bed. 类似的结构为 would rather 从句： I would rather you attended the meeting this afternoon. 考题点击： --- Do you mind if I leave the window open? --- Well, I’d rather you _____ . A. don’t B. didn’t C. won’t D. mustn’t 2. It’s half past eleven. It’s high time _____ home. A. we’ll B. we’d C. we’re going D. we wentBD