虚拟语气(详)

nullThe Subjunctive MoodThe Subjunctive Mood虚拟语气虚拟语气虚拟语气语气是动词的一些形式，用来说明我们对自己的话所采取的态度。 英语中有三种语气 1. 陈述语气（疑问，否定，肯定，感叹） 2. 祈使语气（命令，要求，建议，警告） 3. 虚拟语气：不可能发生的事或与事实相反的假设，愿望，建议等。虚拟语气在条件句中的具体用法虚拟语气在条件句中的具体用法真实条件句 If you work hard, you'll surely pass the exam. 虚拟条件句(假设情况不存在，实现机会很小) If I were a bird, I could fly freely in the sky. If it snowed tomorrow, we would stay at home.nullwould do (could, might, should)a. did / were b. should do c. were to do与将来事实可能相反would have done (could, might, should)had done与过去事实相反would do (could, might, should)did / were与现在事实相反主句的谓语动词if从句的谓语动词1. 与现在事实相反1. 与现在事实相反if 从句: did / were 主句: would do (might/could/should) If we had time, we would go with you. If I were you, I shouldn’t do that. If it weren’t raining now, we wouldn’t stay.2. 与过去事实相反2. 与过去事实相反if 从句: had done 主句: would have done (might/could/should) If the teacher hadn’t helped us, we couldn’t have succeeded. If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it. I could have done it better if I had been more careful. If he hadn’t been ill, he might have come. I should have told you if I had known his telephone number.3. 与将来事实可能相反3. 与将来事实可能相反if 从句: a. did / were b. should do c. were to do 主句: would do (might/could/should) If he came tomorrow, I would tell him everything. If it should rain tomorrow, I would stay at home and watch TV. If it were to snow tomorrow, they would not go out. Should he come tomorrow, please give the book to him.4. 错综时间条件句4. 错综时间条件句 在虚拟语气中，有时条件从句动作发生的时间和主句动作发生的时间是不一致的，称为错综时间条件句。这种句子的形式往往要根据句子的时间相调整，分别处理。 If you had spoken to him yesterday, you would know what to do now. If you had followed the doctor’s advice then, you would be all right now. If you had watered them more, the crops would be growing still better now. 注: 有时时间会省略5. 含蓄条件句5. 含蓄条件句 有时虚拟条件不用 if 条件从句，而用介词或介词短语来 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 示。 They would not be able to live without him. With a little more care you could have avoided the traffic accident. He would have failed but for his teacher’s timely advice. (如果不是…的话) = if it had not been for If only you had worked with greater care! (要是 …… 就好了!) You would have done the same thing in her position.6. 虚实结合条件句6. 虚实结合条件句　 在虚拟语气中，假设的情况有时可通过上下文或其它方式表现出来，并且虚拟的情况和真实的情况同时存在。 I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the singing competition. 　(实——虚) = I was ill that day. If I hadn’t been ill that day, I would have taken part in the singing competition. He would have bought the piano, but he didn’t have enough money. (虚——实) = He would have bought the piano if he had had enough money, but in fact he didn’t have enough money.7. 省 if 倒装条件句7. 省 if 倒装条件句 在虚拟语气中，if 从句假设的情况中如果有助动词 had, should 和 were，那么则可以省略 if，把 had, should 和 were 放在句首构成倒装，简称省 if 倒装条件句。 If he had finished the work yesterday, he would have gone to the concert with you. = Had he finished the work yesterday, he would have gone to the concert with you. If I were you, I wouldn’t do that. = Were I you, I wouldn’t do that. If I should meet him, I would tell him about it. = Should I meet him, I would tell him about it.虚拟语气在wish宾语从句中的运用虚拟语气在wish宾语从句中的运用wish陈述语气的使用 1. wish to do sth. = hope to do sth. 2. wish sb. to do sth. = hope (that) sb. will do sth. 3. wish sb. sth. wish sb. good health / wish sb. a happy life / wish sb. good lucknullwish 后宾语从句虚拟语气的使用 I wish I were a bird. I wish I would go to France some day. I wish I hadn’t told him that yesterday. 与现在相反的愿望 与将来相反的愿望 (could/might/ should) 与过去相反的愿望 could have donewishdid / werewould dohad done /nullI wish she _____ here at the moment. (be) I wish I _____ a millionaire. (be) I wish she __________ my advice yesterday. (take) They wish they _____________ the chance given to them last month. (not miss) I wish you _________ with us tomorrow. (go)werewerehad takenhadn’t missedwould go虚拟语气在as if/though状语从句中的运用虚拟语气在as if/though状语从句中的运用用法同wish 与现在相反的情况 did / were 与将来相反的情况　would do (could/might/ should) 与过去相反的情况 had done They talked as if they were good friends. He passed me as if I didn’t exist. They talked as if they had been good friends for many years.as if虚拟语气If only句中的运用虚拟语气If only句中的运用“要是…就好了”，用法同wish, as if If only I ______ (be) a bird! If only I __________ (take) his advice then! If only the rain ____________ (stop).werehad takenwould stop虚拟语气在would rather / would sooner 宾语从句中的运用虚拟语气在would rather / would sooner 宾语从句中的运用(注意：would rather do sth.) I’d rather you paid me now. I’d rather you went there by train tomorrow. I’d rather you hadn’t done that yesterday. 　　　　　　 与现在或将来相反的愿望　 与过去相反的愿望　would rather (that)did / werehad done虚拟语气在以下句型中的运用 It is (high / about) time (that) 虚拟语气在以下句型中的运用 It is (high / about) time (that) that从句后用 sb. did / were (一般过去时) It is time for breakfast. It is time to have breakfast. It is time for us to have breakfast. It is time (that) we had breakfast. It is about time you began your work. 注意：偶尔也可以用should do It is about time you should begin your work.虚拟语气 should (1)虚拟语气 should (1)建议、主张、要求、命令 1. 宾语从句: v. + that sb. (should) do suggest, advise, propose, insist, recommend, urge, request, require, demand, order, command… The teacher orders that the students (should) recite every text. They requested that he (should) be sent to the hospital at once.null2. 名词性从句 (1)主语从句 It is advised that sb. (should) do (2)表语从句 My advice is that sb. (should) do (3)同位语从句…the advice that sb. (should) do advice, suggestion, proposal, order, decision, request, demand, recommendation, requirement, plan, decision… It is suggested that she should sing a song at the party. My suggestion is that we (should) take no notice of him. What do you think of her proposal that we (should) report the matter to the mayor? 注意注意suggest 1. suggest doing sth. 2. suggest his / him (宾格) doing sth. 3. suggest that sb. (should) do sth. 4. suggest that + 陈述语气　 Her sun-tanned face suggests that she is in excellent health. Her silence suggested that she agreed to the plan.建议表明，暗示nullinsist 1. insist on doing sth. 2. insist on his / him doing sth. 3. insist that sb. (should) do sth. They insisted that he (should) obey the rules. 4. insist that + 陈述语气 She insists that Shanghai High School is the best high school in Shanghai. The old man insisted that he was well, but we all insisted that he be sent to hospital.坚持认为某个观点虚拟语气 should (2)虚拟语气 should (2)重要性必要性，理应如此； 惊奇、不相信、惋惜，竟然； It is + adj. + that sb. should do sth. important / necessary / essential / natural / desirable / advisable / urgent / vital… strange / surprising / impossible… It is necessary that he should be severely punished. It is strange that he should be so rude to a lady. 虚拟语气 should (3)虚拟语气 should (3) 目的状语从句(惟恐,以防) lest/for fear that/ in case + sb. should do Please remind me of it again tomorrow in case I should forget. The children kept quiet lest they should wake up their father. 注意: 口语中也可以用陈述语气代替，或根据语气用might Shut the window for fear that it may rain.其他目的状语其他目的状语 in order that / so that + sb. may / might / can / could do Let’s hand in the exercises earlier so that the teacher may have time to correct them. The emperor ordered that the weavers should be given some gold in order that they might begin their work at once. c.f. I got up early so that I might catch the early bus. I got up early so that I caught the early bus. 目的状语从句结果状语从句虚拟语气的特殊用法虚拟语气的特殊用法1. 表示祝愿的句子,用动词原形表示虚拟语气 May sb. do … May you both be happy! May you succeed! God bless you! Long live Chairman Mao! null2. 提出建议或劝告中,用动词原形表示虚拟语气 You’d better do sth. 3. 让步状语从句，“无论A还是B” Be + sb. + A or B Be he rich or poor, she will marry him. All magnets behave the same, be they small or large.null4. 其它 should have done 表示应该做的没做(常带有责备、埋怨的口气) You should have come at eight sharp. shouldn’t have done表示不应该做的做了(常带有责备、埋怨的口气) You shouldn’t have watered the flowers too much. needn’t have done 表示不必要做的做了(need have done 几乎不用) You needn’t have spent so much time on the problem; it is not worth doing at all. c.f. 1. He didn’t need to work on Sunday, so he went to the beach. 2. You needn’t have come to work today, for it is Sunday.