文献检索英文课件

nullMedical Information on the InternetMedical Information on the InternetObjective of this sectionObjective of this sectionLearn how to use the internet for searching for medical resource, specific to your needs. Guide you to some key Web sites for health and medicine. Help you start collecting your own list of useful Web sites to explore later. The Internet for Health ProfessionalsThe Internet for Health ProfessionalsWhat can the internet offer? Current and up-to-date information. Access to both traditional and new sources of information. Access to all resources through one piece of software. The opportunity to discuss medical issues with colleagues and experts from around the world though email, discussion lists and newsgroups. The opportunity to pursue your research interests and continuing medical ecucation studies from your own desktop, at a time that is convenient to you. Searching the WebSearching the WebInternet search engines Free-text search tools Web directories Subject-arranged resource lists Evaluated medical directories Evaluated sources of informationInternet search enginesInternet search enginesSearch engines aim to help you search as much of the Web as possible. Search engines work by sending out a special computer program to Web sites around the World to automatically create a huge index. the best-known search engines are: GOOGLE http://www.google.com/ NORTHERN LIGHT http://nlresearch.com/ Internet search enginesInternet search enginesPros Useful if you want to find a very precise piece of information Will find something on every subject imaginable Easy to search Cons Can give you too many results –time consuming to sort through Can return lots or irrelevant or inappropriate information Web directoriesWeb directoriesWeb directories aim to help you look through (or browse) many thousands of Web sites under a series of subject headings. Most are run commercially and use volunteers or hired-editors to select the Web sites and arrange them into subject lists. Two well known examples are: YAHOO! HEALTH http://www.yahoo.com/Health/ OPEN DIRECTORY PROJECT http://dmoz.org/Health/ Web directoriesWeb directoriesPros The subject lists mean you don’t have to think up search terms Cover a very wide range of subjects: so good if you want popular sites as well as serious ones Cons Relevant resources may be overlooked by inappropriate use of directory headings. Significantly smaller and less up-to-date than their free-text search engines equivalents. Can quickly become out of date. Evaluated medical directoriesEvaluated medical directoriesEvaluated medical directories aim to help a particular audience find high quality Web sites for their particular needs. They are often created by specialist organisations (eg. educational or professional organisations) who often employ qualified subject experts to select and organise Web sites under subject headings, and write descriptions of the sites. Examples include: MEDICAL MATRIX http://www.medmatrix.org/ INTUTE: MEDICINE http://www.intute.ac.uk/medicine/ HEALTH ON THE NET http://www.hon.ch/ Evaluated medical directoriesEvaluated medical directoriesPros Good if you need trustworthy results for serious work or research You get fewer, but more relevant results, as the subject specialists have filtered out a lot of the inappropriate sites Cons As individuals compile the directories, potentially useful resources are over looked. Most evaluated subject directories are still very much in their infancy, and consequently the number of resources identified thus far is quite small. Practical exercises Practical exercises Try a search for diabetes in the following search tools: Try a Internet Search Engine Google Try a Web directories Yahoo! Health Try a Evaluated medical directories Medical matrix Notices: How many results do you get? Are they what you expected? What type of results are they? null Demonstrate the power of the Google’s ranking technology. Although such a simple search generated many hits (about 79,500,000), highly relevant Web sites were at the top of this list, such as Am Diabetes Asso, NIDDK and CDC, etc. All types of information resources mixed up together.null Contain both directory categories and individual Web sites. Although the resources identified in this search do not represent the total of all diabetes resources (fewer results than Google), they nevertheless provide an excellent starting point.null All the sites listed look as though they have serious educational content with a description written by a subject expert. Can be an excellent way of finding relevant and authoritative documents in a very short space of time.The medical WebThe medical WebProfessional Organizations Medical Journals Medical Portals Interactive Learning Medical Images Consumer Health InformationProfessional OrganizationsProfessional OrganizationsGovernment organizations World Health Organization (WHO) National Institutes of Health (NIH) American Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) US food and drug administration (FDA) Professional societies/Professional associations Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology (FASEB) American College of Physicians (ACP) medical schools, hospitals, research centers …… National Institutes of Health http://www.nih.gov/ National Institutes of Health http://www.nih.gov/ nullPractice: Using the Clinicaltrials.gov, find the clinical trails data for diabetes for persons over 66? American Centers for Disease Control and Prevention http://www.cdc.gov/ American Centers for Disease Control and Prevention http://www.cdc.gov/ nullPractice: Using CDC Wonder, find prevention guidelines of SARS.US food and drug administration http://www.fda.gov/ US food and drug administration http://www.fda.gov/ World Health Organization http://www.who.int/ World Health Organization http://www.who.int/ Medical JournalsMedical JournalsThree models of scholarly publishing 1. E-print archives: Everything is free and available to all via the Web. In the biomedical sciences, however, this model has not been widely accepted. 2. New publishers – economic alternatives: Subscription journals still exist but are published by not-for-profic organizations. BioMed Central (BMC) represents the biggest single alternative to the traditional medical publishers. 3. Free back-files archives: All research should be free on the Web after a period of time, say 6 months or 12 months and so on. Current issues would only be available to subscribers.Medical JournalsMedical JournalsAcess to journals on the Web 1. Publisher site ScienceDirect, HighWire Press, Springerlink,etc. 2. Aggregator Services ProQuest, OVID, EBSCO,etc. Note: All can be accessed from our library website www.cmu.edu.cn/library/, where you may see more. nullMedical PortalsMedical PortalsAim to address all the information and educational needs from a single site. Examples include: Medscape http://www.medscape.com/ Free access, 300 000 doctors and 1.2 million other user subscribed; around 30 specialty sites, provide access to MEDLINE, DrugInfo and various image database; CME programme; …… MD Consult http://www.mdconsult.com/ Access fees, over 250 000 subscribers, owned by Elsevier Science; over 600 peer-reviewed clinical guidelines,…… nullInteractive LearningInteractive LearningVirtual interactive patient simulations Tuarma Moulage http://www.trauma.org/resus/moulage/moulage.html Lecture notes,tutorials and multimedia textbooks Lectures: Supercourse - epidemiology, the internet and global health http://www.pitt.edu/~super1/ Tutorials: the Internet Pathology Laboratory http://www-medlib.med.utah.edu/WebPath/TUTORIAL/TUTORIAL.html Textbooks: Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy http://www.merck.com/ubs/mmanual Online CME courses Online CME http://www.cmelist.com/list.htm Examinations MCQs http://www.mcqs.com/ Virtual conferencing Medscape Conference Center, VideocastingMedical ImagesMedical ImagesMedical image databases Images.MD http://www.images.md/users/index.asp Bristol Biomedical Image Archive http://www.brisbio.ac.uk/ Images from the History of Medicine http://www.ihm.nlm.nih.gov/ Search Engines: Image Retrieval Google Image Finder http://images.google.com/ AltaVista Image Search http://uk.altavista.com/ Karolinska Institute page of image-related links http://www.mic.ki.se/Medimages.html nullConsumer health informationConsumer health informationPatient questions Where can I find information about a particular illness? Where can I find out more information about a drug I have been prescribed? How can I prepare for a consultation? How does the performance of one hospital compare with another?...... Key sites MEDLINEplus http://www.medlineplus.gov/ US Pharmacopoeia http://www.intelihealth.com/IH/ Pocket Doctor http://www.pocketdoctor.co.uk/ Ask the Doc http://www.intelihealth.com/ null The End!ExercisesExercises1. If you have a subject that you need to find more information about (let's say breast cancer) and you want to know what kind of Internet resources are available in your subject area, where do you start? Trying them out and comparing. 2. Visit the societies/associations, organizations and journals website about your own subject. Which are CME (continuing medical education) programs? What conferences will be held in 2008? Which are national meetings? Which are international or regional? 3. As a dentist, you were starting some research on the impact of water fluoridation, and you wanted to use the Internet to locate useful articles that have been written. What can you do? Are all free to read in full? 4. Using the WHOSIS online database, find the prevalence and incidence of tuberculosis for all WHO’s 193 member states for all years. Is your home area in the list? 5. Visiting American Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) , see what divisions that make up the CDC and what databases can use, especially CDC Wonder. Where can you find HIV/AIDS prevention guidelines? 6. Visiting National Institutes of Health (NIH) , see what divisions that make up the NIH and what databases can use, especially Clinicaltrials.gov. Using the Clinicaltrials.gov, can you find the clinical trails data for diabetes for persons over 66? How about the studies distribution on the world? How about the number in your home?nullGOOGLE http://www.google.com/ With a reported index comprising two billion pages, it is the biggest Web search engine currently available.GOOGLE: searchingGOOGLE: searchingSimple search Advanced search you can search only for pages: that contain ALL the search terms, or the exact phrase, or at least one of the words, or NOT any of the words you type in written in a certain language created in a certain file format that have been updated within a certain period of time that contain numbers within a certain range within a certain domain, or website ……. null Search result Google ranks the results by a technique known as PageRank. Where ranking is determined by the frequency with which your search term(s) appears. Search syntax used at Google Search syntax used at GooglenullServices & tools For more information, please visit Google Help Center http://www.google.com/intl/en/help/features.html nullNORTHERN LIGHT http://nlresearch.com With special collection of full text journal and newspaper articles, it provides a rich and unique source of information. Include: journals, business web™ , news, white papers.nullYahoo!HealthYahoo!HealthnullOpen directory projectOpen directory projectnullMedical MatrixMedical MatrixManaged by the American Medical Informatics Association (AMIS) Eight top-level headings, featured links, annotated description of the indexed resource. Note: Users can browse Medical Matrix free of charge. Searching the database, however, is restricted to subscribers.nullIntute: MedicineIntute: Medicinefar more precise and focused browsingHealth on the Net (HON)Health on the Net (HON)