09高考英语易错题解题方法大全（5）：阅读理解

09高考英语易错题解题方法大全（5）：阅读理解 【示例1】 Edward Wilson is America’s, if not the world’s, leading naturalist. In The Future of Life, he takes us on a tour of the world’s natural resources (资源). How are they used? What has been lost? What remains and is it able to continue with the present speed of use? Wilson also points out the need to understand fully the biodiversity (生物多样性) of our earth. Wilson begins with an open letter to the pioneer in environment (环境) protection Henry David Thoreau. He compares today’s Walden Pond with that of Thoreau’s day. Wilson will use such comparisons for the rest of the book. The problem is clean: man has done great damage to his home over the years. Can the earth, with human help, be made to return to biodiversity levels that will be able to support us in the future? Biodiversity, Wilson argues, is the key to settling many problems the earth faces today. Even our agricultural crops can gain advantages from it. A mere hundred species (物种) are the basis of our food supply, of which but twenty carry the load. Wilson suggests changing this situation by looking into ten thousand species that could be made use of, which will be a way to reduce the clearing of the natural homes of plants and animals to enlarge farming areas. At the end of the book, Wilson discusses the importance of human values in considering the environment. If you are to continue to live on the earth, you may well read and act on the ideas. 72. We learn from the text that Wilson cares most about . A. the environment for plants B. the biodiversity of our earth C. the waste of natural resources D. the importance of human values 73.How many species are most important to our present food supply? A. Twenty. B. Eighty C. One hundred. D. Ten thousand. 74.Wilson suggests that one way to keep biodiversity is to . A. learn how to farm scientifically B. build homes for some dying species C. make it clear what to eat D. use more species for food 75.We can infer that the text is . A. a description of natural resources B. a research report C. a book review D. an introduction to a scientist 参考答案及解析 72.【错解分析】典型错误A.错因分析没有抓住文章的重点,以次代主,以点代面. 　 【解题指导】 本题属于判断推理题. 这类题要求学生在理解文章中直接陈述的观点或描述的事实基础上，领悟作者的弦外之意，得出符合作者意愿的结论，即作者没有在文章中明说的。要得出正确的推理仅以阅读材料为前题还不够，还必须结合自己应有的常识。本题的关键提示信息在第三段中的第一句话. 【答案】本题的正确选项为B. 73.【错解分析】典型错误D.错因分析是学生审题不细. 　 【解题指导】本题是细节理解题.学生们在做此类试题时,可以采用查读法,即带着问题寻找答案,同时要注意审题. 【答案】本题的正确选项为A. 74.【错解分析】典型错误A.错因分析信息错位,释意不清. 　 【解题指导】本题是细节理解题.属于间接辨认题,要正确地理解文章中具体信息的含义,并用同义或是近义的形式复述出来.本题的选项依据为第三段的最后一句话. 【答案】本题的正确选项为D. 75.【错解分析】典型错误A.错因分析关键信息没有抓住,以点代面. 　 【解题指导】本题是推理判断题.推理判断要根据文章中的信息来判断,不能依据自己的主观判断,也不能以点代面.本题推断依据为文章开始部分的The Future of Life一书的基本内容,然后重点谈及Biodiversity的重要性,最后根据文章最后一段,由此可以判断出本题选C项. 【答案】本题的正确选项为C. 【练习1】 WANG Hao and Wang Liqin, two of China's top table tennis players, both saw the World Table Tennis Championships as a chance to prove themselves. But there was only one champion (冠军) and Wang Hao, 25, won it last Tuesday in Yokohama , Japan. Wang Hao, who won the men's doubles title with Chen Qi last Monday, played with spirit to beat Wang Liqin 11-9, 13-11, 11-5, 11-9. Wang Hao said it was his mental toughness (心理稳定) that made the difference. "I was disappointed by my performances in past championships and the last two Olympic Games. But I have tried to pull myself together and prepared well. This is the result." Wang Hao said he has always understood the importance of physical training and technical skills. Now he knows the need for mental preparation as well. Having two Olympic silvers had left him feeling bitter (痛苦的). The bitterness perhaps explains why he has not always played at his best in the past. "I've come to understand that you can learn important lessons from failure," he said. "Losing can build your character and make you a stronger player." His next goal, or dream, is to win the gold medal at the London Olympics in 2012. Liu Guoliang, head coach of China's table tennis team, sang the praises of Wang Hao's victory. "This is just the beginning of his rise," said Liu. "It's the confidence-booster he needs to make further progress." 1. According to the passage, Wang Hao won _____ gold medals in the World Table Tennis Championships in Yokohama, Japan. A. only one B. two C. three D. four 2. From Wang Hao, we can know the main reason for his beating Wang Liqin is ______. A. his technical skills B. his physical training C. his mental toughness D. his past experience 3. What is the next goal of Wang Hao? A. To win the title of the champion at the 2012 Olympics B. To beat Wang Liqin again C. To prove himself in the future competitions D. To win more golds in future 4. What can we learn from Wang Hao? A. Failure is the mother of success. B. Never give up until you succeed. C. Where there is a will, there is a way. D. A good beginning makes a good ending. 参考答案及解析： 1.【错解分析】典型错误A.错因分析没有全面地阅读文章，以点代面了。 【解题指导】细节理解题。根据文章第一段和第二段可知。此类题可以带着问题在文中采用查读法寻找答案。 【答案】本题的正确选项为B. 2．【错解分析】典型错误A或B或是D。错因分析是没有抓住细节理解题的重点，审题不细。因为题干中有一个mainly. 【解题指导】细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的第一句话可知。对于细节理解题的选项的选择，一定要理解题干，并防止以次代主。 【答案】本题的正确选项为C。 3．【错解分析】典型错误D.错因分析审题不清，D项也许是Wang Hao的远期目标，但是题干是the next goal。 【解题指导】细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段中的“His next goal, or dream, is to win the gold medal at the London Olympics in 2012.”可知。注意审题。 【答案】本题的正确选项为A。 4．【错解分析】典型错误B或C.错因分析在于学生对文章的理解不透彻。 【解题指导】推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段可知。推理判断题要认真研读文章，根据文章中的内容来进行推理判断。 【答案】本题的正确选项为A。 【示例2】 Dear Hamilton, We are fortunate that in such a large, high-pressure office we all get along so well. You are one of the people who keep the social temperature at such a comfortable setting. I don’t know anyone in the office who is better liked than you. You can perhaps help with this. The collection of contributions towards gifts for employees’ personal-life events is becoming a little troubling. Certainly, the group sending of a gift is reasonable now and then. In the past month, however, there have been collections for two baby shower gifts, one wedding shower gift, two wedding gifts, one funeral（葬礼）remembrance, four birthday gifts, and three graduation gifts. It’s not only the collected-from who are growing uncomfortable (and poor), but the collected-for feel uneasy receiving gifts from people who don’t know them outside the office, who wouldn’t even recognize their graduating children, their marrying daughters and sons, or their dead relatives. This is basically a kind gesture (and one that people think well of you for), but the practice seems to have become too wide-ranging and feels improper in today’s office setting. Thank you for understanding. 63. The underlined word “contributions” probably means ________. A. money B. suggestions C. reports D. understanding 64. Hamilton is expected to _______. A. show more kindness. B. discontinue the present practice C. quit being the organizer for gift giving D. know more about co-workers’ families 65. This is basically a letter of ________. A. apology B. sympathy C. appreciation D. dissatisfaction 参考答案 63.【错解分析】典型错误D.错因分析释不达意，胡乱猜测. 　 【解题指导】本题考查词义猜测.对于词义的猜测可以有许多的方法,常见的方法是根据上下文所举例子来猜测.本题就是根据文中的In the past month, however, there have been collections for two baby shower gifts, one wedding shower gift, two wedding gifts, one funeral（葬礼）remembrance, four birthday gifts, and three graduation gifts.可猜测出contributions的意思为”礼金,份子”. 【答案】本题的正确选项为A. 64.【错解分析】典型错误A. 错因分析 无视主题，以点带面. 【解题指导】本题考查细节推测题.对于细节推测的理解要以文章的中心为依据并根据文章中的具体信息来推测,做到有根据的选答案,并且信息点一定要找准,防止张冠李戴.本题选择依据为倒数第二段中的” but the practice seems to have become too wide-ranging and feels improper in today’s office setting.” 【答案】本题的正确选项为B. 65.【错解分析】典型错误C. 错因分析 无视主题，以点带面. 【解题指导】本题考查主旨大意. 这类问题属于全局性问题。要做好这类问题必须找出文章中心思想句。把注意力放在阅读材料的开头和结尾，放在观点性、归纳性和概括性的句子上，放在被许多句子说明和证实的句子上。并注意由in summary, in a word, as a result, finally, in short, in conclusion和in brief等“信号词”引导的句子。本题的答案依据为feels improper in today’s office setting.,以及最后一句话,因此答案为D项. 【答案】本题的正确选项为D. 【练习2】 Have you ever used solar energy to boil a bottle of water or take a shower? Have you ever thought that solar energy is far away from our daily lives? You may doubt about that. In Japan, there is a wonderful program of Solar City.     Solar City is located 80,000 meters northwest of Tokyo, among the strawberry fields. This is one of Japan’s sunniest places. Solar City covers about 410,000 square metres. Seventy-five percent of the homes there are covered by solar panels. The government has provided people there with the solar panels for free. In addition, the government has paid 9.7 billion yen to study how to make full use of solar energy. A number of solar energy companies have also given money to help this program.     People living in Solar City think using solar panels is a good way to save money. However, saving money is not the only reason why people are moving into this city. "We moved here because of the panels. It was something we wanted,” said Mika Hiroshima. She moved to Solar City with her husband and two little children about four years ago.     It is well known that Japan is a country that is short of energy, but the Solar City program has brought hope for the country. "People want solar energy,” said an official of Solar City. Actually in Solar City, there are 550 families making use of solar energy at the moment. All of them say that they want to keep using solar energy even after the program ends in 2010. In sunny days, solar panels are able to provide more than enough energy for a normal family. However, the solar panels are not that useful in cloudy days. Despite this, Solar City is still a wonderful program because it inspires people to wisely use the limited energy. 1. The writer uses the two questions at the beginning of the passage to ______. A. test the readers’ knowledge about solar energy B. draw the readers’ attention to the topic C. learn the situation that solar energy is used D. invite the readers to answer them 2. The third paragraph of the passage is mainly about ______. A. the reason why people are moving into Solar City B. how the people are living in Solar City C. the things that people living in Solar City need D. the life experience from the people living in Solar City 3. It can be inferred from the passage that _________. A. Japan is a country which is lacking in energy B. the solar panels are only useful in sunny days C. the Solar City program will be successful D. Solar City is a very modern big city 参考答案及解析： 1．【错解分析】典型错误A.错因分析：信息错位，张冠李戴。题干是考查文章开头的写作目的，而非全篇的写作目的。 【解题指导】写作目的题。作者在文章开头提出问题让读者思考，或是简单介绍与主题有关的其他事物，目的往往是为了引出主题,故选B。 【答案】本题的正确选项为B。 2．【错解分析】典型错误B.错因分析是没有抓住文章段落的主题。 【解题指导】主旨大意题。从本段来看，第一句话说出，生活在太阳城使用太阳电池板省钱。第二句话说出了，生活在太阳城不仅是为了省钱，还为了太阳电池板。因此，可知答案为A。考查文章的段落大意，此时要注意段落的主题句，可位于段首，段尾或段落的中间，也有的要从段中自己提取的。 【答案】本题的正确选项为A。 3．【错解分析】典型错误A或B.错因分析是没有掌握试题的特点，推理判断题要从文中进行推断，而不是文中的原话。 【解题指导】推理判断题。根据文章的最后一段中的“All of them say that they want to keep using solar energy even after the program ends in 2010.”可知。此项目的目的达到了。因此，C项正确。D项，可根据文中的“Solar City covers about 410,000 square metres.”知，Solar City并不是一个大城市。A、B两项是文中的事实，而非推理。推理判断题分为简单推理和复杂推理。所谓简单推理就是以 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 面文字为前提，以具体事实为依据进行推理，做出判断。这种推理方式比较直接，只要弄清事实，即可结合常识推断出合理的结论。而复杂推理就是不但要以文字为依据，而且还要以文章的语境、内涵为前提。这是一种间接而复杂的逻辑推理方式。考生要推断出文章没有表明但又合乎逻辑的推理，就必须由表及里地归纳或演绎。 【答案】本题的正确选项为C。 【示例3】      People believes that climbing can do good to health. Where can you learn the skill of climbing then? If you think that you have to go to the mountains to learn how to climb, you’re wrong. Many Americans are learning to climb in city gyms(体育馆). Here, people are learning on climbing. The climbing wall goes straight up and small holding places for hands and feet.     How do people climb the wall? To climb, you need special shoes and (保护带) around your chest to hold you. There are ropes(绳索)tied to your. The ropes hold you in place so that you don’t fall. A beginner’s wall is usually about 15 feet high, and you climb straight up. There are small pieces of metal that stick out for you to stand on and hold on to. Sometimes it’s easy to see the new piece of metal. Sometimes, it’s not. The most difficult is an your fear. It’s normal for humans to be afraid of falling, so it’s difficult not to feel fear. But when you move away from the wall, the and the ropes hold you, and you begin to feel safe. You move slowly until you reach the top.     Climbing attracts people because it’s good exercise for almost everyone. You use your whole body, especially your arms and legs. This sport gives your body a complete workout. When you climb, both your mind and your body can become stronger. 64. What can we infer from the passage?    A. People are fairly interested in climbing nowadays.    B. It is impossible to build up one’s body by climbing.    C. People can only learn the skill of climbing outdoors. D. It is always easy to see holding places in climbing. 65. The most difficult thing to do in wall climbing is _______.    A. to tie ropes to your                 B. to control your fear C. to move away from the wall         D. to climb straight up 66. The word “workout” underlined in the last paragraph most probably means _________. A. settlement           B. exercise       C. excitement        D. tiredness 67. Why does the author write this passage?    A. To tell people where to find gyms.       B. To prove the basic need for climbing    C. To encourage people to climb mountains.   D. introduce the sport of wall climbing 参考答案及解析： 64.【错解分析】典型错误D.错因分析片面理解，没有从全文的角度去看问题。 　【解题指导】推理判断题. 在解答推理性问题时，应清楚所要解答的问题是针对某个细节进行推断，还是针对主题思想、作者的意图进行推断。本题属于从文章的主题进行的推论，因此从文章的第一段,第三段的首句可容易推知答案. 【答案】本题的正确选项为A. 65.【错解分析】典型错误D.错因分析是脱离文章，而主观判断试题的答案。 　【解题指导】细节理解题.从第二段倒数第三句” It’s normal for humans to be afraid of falling, so it’s difficult not to feel fear.”可知答案.细节理解题可通过查读法进行理解，是高考阅读题中较简单的题型，但是答案的依据一定要忠实于原文。 【答案】本题的正确选项为B. 66.【错解分析】典型错误A.错因分析是脱离上下文，而采用了构词法来猜测生词的意思，因为work out意为“解决”，所以学生们会误以为workout的意思为A。 　【解题指导】词义猜测题.根据“Climbing attracts people because it’s good exercise for almost everyone.”与” When you climb, both your mind and your body can become stronger.”可知workout与exercise同义,表示”锻炼”.词义猜测时可以根据构词法来进行，但是也要符合上下文的语境。 【答案】本题的正确选项为B. 67.【错解分析】典型错误B.错因分析没有掌握作意图判断题的方法，以偏代全。 　 【解题指导】意图判断题.意图判断题分具体内容的写作意图和篇章内容的写作意图，因此在答题要分析题干，如果文章的写作意图，就要结合文章的主旨来判断。本题就是结合全文可知,作者的写作意图旨在介绍室内攀岩运动. 【答案】本题的正确选项为D. 【练习3】 The only survivor of a shipwreck was washed up on a small, uninhabited island. He prayed feverishly for God to rescue him, and every day he scanned the horizon for help, but none seemed forthcoming. Exhausted, he eventually managed to build a little hut out of driftwood to protect him from the elements, and to store his few possessions. But then one day, after looking for food, he arrived home to find his little hut in flames, the smoke rolling up to the sky. The worst had happened; everything was lost. He was stunned with grief and anger. "God how could you do this to me!" he cried. Early the next day, however, he was awakened by the sound of a ship that was approaching the island. It had come to rescue him. "How did you know I was here?" asked the weary man of his rescuers. "We saw your smoke signal," they replied. It is easy to get discouraged when things are going bad. But we shouldn't lose heart, because God is at work in our lives, even in the midst of pain and suffering. Remember, next time your little hut is burning to the ground it just may be a smoke signal that summons the grace of God. For all the negative things we have to say to ourselves, God has a positive answer for it . 1．The proper title of the passage is . A．God Is Wherever We Need Him B．We should have a Positive Attitude to Life C．A Story Happened on An Uninhabited Island D．A Survivor Was How to Be Saved 2．After the survivor seeing his hut burning to the ground, he _________. A．was very angry and frightened and didn’t sleep B．was very sad and disappointed and didn’t sleep C．was so angry and sad that he slept without consciousness D．was so surprised that he slept without consciousness 3．From the story we can infer _______. A．that the survivor was a lucky dog B．God is a kind and considerable old man C．God is willing to help anyone who helps oneself D．You are what you eat 4. The meaning of the underlined part“ a smoke signal that summons the grace of God” may be___. A．a smoke signal that shows God’s idea B．a piece of information that God sends out to inform rescuers. C．an order that God gives to punish the man who is in trouble D．a signal that shows God’s kindness to help the man in trouble 参考答案及解析： 1．【错解分析】典型错误A.错因分析：没有考虑到文章的主题。 【解题指导】选择适合的文章标题。从全文来看，C项比较全面，且能概括文章的内容。选择文章的标题属于主旨大意题。要在通读全文的基础上，认真分析主人公的特定心态、文章大意及作者的写作意图，在此基础上还要做到概括性、针对性、醒目性的有机结合。 【答案】本题的正确选项为C。 2．【错解分析】典型错误D.错因分析对于文章的细节处理解不到位。 【解题指导】细节理解题。根据文章中的“He was stunned with grief and anger. "God how could you do this to me!" he cried.”可知。在做细节理解题时，一定要回到原文中找出与答题内容相关的词语和句子，在理解原文的基础上选择答案，找到关键词后最好在下面划线，以便检查。 【答案】本题的正确选项为C. 3．【错解分析】典型错误C.错因分析：片面理解文章，以致于得出错误的结论。 【解题指导】推理判断题。从文章开头我们知道，这位主人公是一位失船事故的幸存者，并且文章的最后我们可以看出因意外的茅屋失火，他却意想不到的得救。因此，可知主人公是一位幸运儿。推理判断题要忠于原亠，以文章提供的事实和线索想象，随意想象，更不能己自己的观点代替作者的观点。 【答案】本题的正确选项为A。 4．【错解分析】典型错误A.错因分析：释不达意，胡乱猜测 【解题指导】句意的解释。grace 意为“恩泽”；summon 意为“传唤”；本句话的意思为“传唤上帝恩泽的一个烟信号”。因此，可知D项更符合句意。句子的解释是最近几年来高考新出现的题型，要根据上下文来推测。 【答案】本题的正确选项为D. PAGE - 1 -