高中名词性从句讲解+练习

名词性从句 一.概念 名词性从句共有四种:主语从句,表语从句,宾语从句和同位语从句 二.相关知识点精讲 1． 主语从句：主语从句在整个句子中作主语。 (1)不同于其它的连词，它不充当句子的成分，只是单纯的连接词，通常不可以省略。分句置于句首时，that绝对不可以省略。 That the driver could not control his war was obvious. It was obvious that the driver could not control his car. (2)if 不能用在主语从句中，而是用whether Whether he left (or not) is unknown (3)当主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用第三人称单数，下面这个句型例外。 What we need is more time and money. What we need are many more books. 2.表语从句：表语从句出现在系动词后，充当表语。 The trouble is that we are short of money. Go and get your coat. It’s where you left it. (1) 引导表语从句除了上述三类词外还有because, as if/ as though等等 The reason (why/for which…..) is that …… It/This/That is because…… (2) 连系动词“appear, look, seem”的两个常用句型 It seems/appears that…. It looks/seems as if/as though……(与事实相符用陈述语气，与事实相反用虚拟语气) (3) as 也可以引导表语从句 Things are not always as they seem to be 3. 宾语从句：及物动词，形容词和介词后加宾语从句作其宾语。 (1) 宾语从句时态与主句相呼应，但宾语从句表示的是客观真理或普遍现象除外 The teacher told us that the earth moves around the sun (2) 连词whether和 if可以互换，但注意下列情况 连词后紧跟or not时用whether I want to know whether or not they will come. 作介词宾语是用whether引导宾语从句 He was interested in whether he saw her there. 连接词后直接加不定式，不能用if只能用whether He doesn’t know whether to stay or not. 如果宾语从句是否定时，一般用if引导 I care if he will not attend the meeting. (3) 当宾语从句后带宾补时，要用“主语+谓语+it +宾补+that-clause,that不可省略 I think it certain that she will do well in her exam. (4) 当主语是I, we ，主句用think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine五个动词时，用否定转移 I don’t think he will win the game, will he? (5) that在宾语从句常可以省略，但由and或 but连接两个或多个宾语从句时，仅可以省略第一个连词that He said (that) he had eaten nothing but that he wasn’t hungry. (6) 注意区别if引导的宾语从句和条件状语从句 I don’t know if he will come. If he comes, I’ll let you know. 4.同位语从句，在句中作某些名词的同位语，对前面的名词进一步说明。用在下列名词 fact,news,idea,hope,believe,hope,thought,doubt.truth,order,suggestion, word etc. (1) There is no doubt that he will come. There is doubt whether he will come. Word came that Napoleon would come to inspect them. There is no possibility that…. (2) that引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别： 在同位语从句中：that不可以省略，不作成分;定语从句的关系代词that在定语从句作成分，作宾语时可以省略 We are interested in the news that some foreigners would visit our school. We are interested in the news that he told us. when, where引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别： 在定语从句中，when, where前有分别表示时间、地点的先行词；而在同位语从句中无此对应关系 They have no idea at all where he has gone.(同位语从句) Go and get your coat. It’s in the place where you left it.(定语从句) 5. 疑问词-ever既可以引导名词性从句，也可以引导让步状语从句，而no matter+疑问词只能引导让步状语从句 No matter where I go, my heart is towards China. I believer whatever he says. Whatever he says, I will never believe him. who与 whoever的区别 who是“谁”的意思，表示具有疑问，who相当于anyone who“无论谁” Whoever leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. Can you tell me who that gentleman is? 6．当名词性从句缺少主语、宾语或表语时，引导词通常用what，它相当于。另外，有时具有感叹意义all that, anything that或 the thing(s) that What we can’t get seems better than what we have. Tom thought what a beautiful girl Mary was. 7.注意区分it 作形式主语的主语从句与强调句 强调句句型It is/was+被强调部分+that, 去掉It is/was, that，句子仍然成立。 It is natural that they should have different views. 主语从句 It is only lately that he had had a family himself. 强调句 What was it that he wanted? I don’t know what it was that he wanted. It was in the hotel where he stayed that we discussed the serious problem 8.注意it 作形式主语的主语从句和as引导非限制性定语从句引导的不同 It is known to all that the earth is round. As is known to all. the earth is round. （1）表语从句 1． 定义：用作表语的从句叫做表语从句。 2． 构成：关联词+简单句 3． 引导表语从句的关联词的种类： (1) 从属连词that。如： The trouble is that I have lost his address. 麻烦是我把他的地址丢了。 (2) 从属连词whether, as, as if。如： He looked just as he had looked ten years before. 他看起来还与十年前一样。 The question is whether they will be able to help us. 问题是他们是否能帮我们。 注：从属连词if一般不用来引导表语从句，但as if却可引导表语从句，如： All this was over twenty years ago, but it\'s as if it was only yesterday. 这都是20多年前的事了，但宛如昨天一样。 能跟表语从句的谓语动词一般为系动词be, seem, look等。如： It looked as if it was going to rain. 看起来天要下雨了。 (3)连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever 连接副词 where, when, how, why。 如：The problem is who we can get to replace her. 问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。 The question is how he did it. 问题是他是如何做此事的。 That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic. 那就是她今晨上了阁楼干的。 解释： 1． 连词because可引导表语从句。如： I think it is because you are doing too much. 我想这是因为你做得太多。 2． 在一些表示“建议、劝说、命令”的名词后面的表语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气。should+动词原形表示，should可省略。如： My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow. 我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。 -- （2）主语从句 （2）主语从句 1． 定义：用作主语的从句叫做主语从句。 2． 构成：关联词+简单句 3． 引导主语从句的关联词有三类： (1) 从属连词that。 如：That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them. 很明显，她们确是亲姐妹，她们的脸型很相似。 (2) 从属连词whether。如： Whether he’ll come here isn’t clear. 他是否会来这里还不清楚。 (3) 连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever 连接副词 where, when, how, why。如： What she did is not yet known. 她干了什么尚不清楚。 How this happened is not clear to anyone. 这事怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。 Whoever comes is welcome. 不论谁来都欢迎。 Wherever you are is my home ---- my only home. 你所在的任何地方就是我的家----我唯一的家。 解释： 1． 主语从句能用it作形式上的主语。常以it作形式主语的句型有： A. It+be+形容词(obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, etc.)+that从句。如： It is certain that she will do well in her exam. 毫无疑问她考试成绩会很好。 It is probable that he told her everything. 很可能他把一切都告诉她了。 B. It+be+名词词组(no wonder, an honour, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, etc.)+that从句。如： It’s a pity that we can’t go. 很遗憾我们不能去。 It’s no surprise that our team should have won the game. 我们没赢这场比赛真意外。 C. It+be+过去分词(said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, arranged, etc.)+that从句。如： It is said that Mr. Green has arrived in Beijing. 据说格林先生已经到了北京。 It is reported that China has sent another man-made earth satellite into orbit. 据报道中国又成功地发射了一颗人造地球卫星。 D. It+seem, happen等不及物动词及短语+that从句。如： It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at all. Alice似乎不来参加晚会。 It happened that I was out that day. 碰巧我那天外出了。 E. It+doesn’t matter (makes no difference, etc.)+连接代词或连接副词引起的主语从句。如： It doesn’t matter whether she will come or not. 她是否来这无关紧要。 It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting. 我们在哪里开会毫无区别。 F. 当that引导的主语从句出现在疑问句中时，要以it作形式主语，而把主语从句后置。如： Is it true that the scientist will give us a lecture next week? 下周那位科学家将给我们作报告是真的吗？ Does it matter much that they will not come tomorrow? 他们明天不来很要紧吗？ G. 当主语从句出现在感叹句中时，要以it作形式主语，而把主语从句后置。如： How strange it is that the children are so quiet! 孩子们这么安静真奇怪！ 2．注意连接代词whoever, whatever, whichever等引导主语从句的含义 Whoever comes will be welcome. (whoever=the person who) 来的人将受到欢迎。 Whatever he did was right. (whatever=the thing that) 他所做的事情是正确的。 Whichever of you comes in will receive a prize. (whichever=anyone of you who) 你们当中不论哪个进来将会得到奖励。 -- （3）宾语从句 （3）宾语从句 1． 定义：用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。 2． 构成：关联词+简单句 3． 引导宾语从句的关联词有三类： (1) 从属连词that。如： He told us that he felt ill. 他对我们说他感到不舒服。 I know he has returned. 我知道他已经回来了。 注： that在引导宾语从句时也并不是任何情况下都可以省略。在以下情况下，that不能省略。 1． Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened.(and连接两个宾语从句，that宾语从句放在and的后面时，that不能省略。) 大家都会看出所发生的事情并知道Tom非常害怕。 2．I know nothing about him except that he is from the south.(that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时，that不能省略。) 对他我一无所知，只知道他是南方人。 3．That he ever said such a thing I simply don’t believe. (that从句位于句首时，that不可省略。) 我简直不相信他曾说过这样的话。 4． We decided, in view of his special circumstances, that we would admit him for a probationary period. (主句谓语动词与that从句之间有插入语，that不可省略。) 鉴于他的特殊情况，我们决定应允他一段试用期。 (2)从属连词if/whether。如： I doubt whether he will succeed. 我怀疑他是否会成功。 I don’t know if you can help me. 我不知道你能否帮助我。 (3)连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever 连接副词 where, when, how, why。 如： Who or what he was, Martin never learned. 他是什么人？他是干什么的？马丁根本不知道。 I wonder what he’s writing to me about. 我不知道他要给我写信说什么事。 I’ll tell you why I asked you to come. 我会告诉你我为什么要你来。 You may do what you will. 你可做任何你想做的事。 (1) 介词宾语从句 宾语从句也可用作介词的宾语。如： He was deeply displeased by what had occurred that day. 他对那天发生的事感到很不快。 I walked over to where she sat. 我走向她坐的地方。 I am curious as to what he will say. 我很想知道他要说什么。 Your success will largely depend upon what you do and how you do it. 你是否成功将主要取决于你做什么和怎样做。 有时介词可以省略。如： I don’t care (for) who marries him. 我不管谁跟他结婚。 Be careful (as to) how you do that. 你要注意做这件事的方式。 解释： 1．如果宾语从句后还有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。如： We thought it strange that Xiao Wang did not come yesterday. 我们认为小王昨天没来是奇怪的。 He has made it clear that he will not give in. 他已表明他不会屈服。 2．作介词的宾语：连词that引导的名词性从句很少作介词的宾语，只用在except, but, in后。其他一些介词的宾语从句如果由连词that引导，则需用it先行一步，作形式宾语。如： He is a good student except that he is careless. 他是一个好学生，只是有点粗心。 You may rely on it that I shall help you. 你可以指望我会帮助你的。 介词宾语不可以用which来引导，而要用what来引导。如： Are you sorry for what you\'ve done? 你为你所做的一切感到内疚吗？ 3．某些形容词或过去分词后常接宾语从句，这类形容词或过去分词有sure, glad, certain, pleased, happy, afraid, surprised, satisfied等，连词that可省略。如： I am not sure what I ought to do. 我不能确定我该做什么。 I\'m afraid you don\'t understand what I said. 恐怕你没领会我说的意思。 I\'m surprised that I didn\'t see all that before. 我好奇怪，我以前没看到过。 Mother was very pleased her daughter had passed the exams. 妈妈为她的女儿通过了考试而感到高兴。 4．连词whether (…or not)或if引导的宾语从句 if和whether引导的宾语从句可以互换使用，但whether常和or not连用，if一般不与or not连用。如： I wonder whether it is true or not. 我不知它是真是假。 用if引导宾语从句如果会引起歧义，应避免使用if而用wheter。试比较： Please let me know if you want to go. Please let me know whether you want to go. if从句可理解为宾语从句，意为“请告诉我你是否想去”；此句又可理解为条件状语从句意为“如果你想去的话，请告诉我一声”。 5．宾语从句的否定转移。在think, believe, suppose, expect等动词后的宾语从句，有时谓语尽管是否定意思，却不用否定形式，而将think等动词变为否定形式。如： I don’t think you are right. 我认为你错了。 I don’t believe they have finished their work yet. 我相信他们还未完成他们的工作。 I don’t suppose he cares, does he? 我想他不在意，是吗？ 6． 宾语从句的时态变化规律： (1) 当主句是一般现在时态时，从句可根据需要用任何时态。 (2) 当主句是一般过去时态时，从句只能使用过去范围内的任何时态。但客观真理除外。如： The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun. 老师说地球绕着太阳运行。 -- （4）同位语从句 1． 定义：用作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句。 2． 用法：同位语从句的先行词多为fact, news, idea, thought, question, reply, report, remark等，关联词多用从属连词that。如： They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick. 对你生病这件事，他们都很焦虑。 Where did you get the idea that I could not come? 你在哪儿听说我不能来？ Early in the day came the news that Germany had declared war on Russia. 德国已对俄国宣战的消息一大早就传来了。 注：同位语从句偶尔由从属连词whether引导。如： I have no idea whether he’ll come or not. 我不知道他是否来。 连接代词who, which, what和连接副词where, when, why, how亦可引导同位语从句。 The question who should do the work requires consideration. 谁该干这项工作，这个问题需要考虑。 We haven\'t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation. 到哪儿去度暑假，这个问题我们还没有决定。 It is a question how he did it. 那是一个他如何做了此事的问题。 解释： 1．that引导的同位语从句与定语从句之区别 that引导的同位语从句 that引导的定语从句 句法功能上 that只起连接从句的作用，无意义。在从句中不充当句子成分。不可省。 that替代先行词在从句中不仅起连接作用，还充当一个句子成分。如在从句中作动词的宾语时可省略。 意义上 从句是被修饰名词的内容。 从句起限定作用，是定语 如：The news that Mr. Li will be our new English teacher is true. (同位语从句，that不可省。) 李先生将是我们的新 英语 关于好奇心的名言警句英语高中英语词汇下载高中英语词汇 下载英语衡水体下载小学英语关于形容词和副词的题 老师这个消息是真的。 The news (that) he told me yesterday is true. (定语从句，that在从句中作told的宾语，可省。) 他昨天告诉我的消息是真的。 2．一些表示“建议、命令、要求”的名词后所跟的同位语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气should+动词原形表示。should可省。如： This is our only request that this (should) be settled as soon as possible. 这就是我们唯一的请求：尽快解决这个问题。 　　1. Ask her ______come with me. 　　A. if she will B. if will she C. whether will she D. will she 　　2. Can you tell me _____ the railway station? 　　A. how can I get to B. how can I get to C. where I can get to D. where can I get to 　　3. They have no idea at all ____. 　　A. where he has gone B. where did he go C. which place has he gone D. where has he gone 　　4.____leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. 　　A .Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who 　　5. These photos will show you ____. 　　A. what does our village look like B. what our village looks like C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like 　　6. Can you make sure ____ the gold ring/ 　　A. where Alice had put B. where had Alice put C. where Alice has put D. where has Alice put 　　7. When and where to build the new factory _____ yet. 　　A. is not decided B. are not decided C. has not decided D. have not decided 　　8. No one can be sure ____ in a million years. 　　A. what man will look like B. what will man look like C. man will look like what 　　9.____ the 2000 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet. 　　A. Whenever B. If C. whether D. That 　　10.Go and get your coat. That is ____ you left it 　　A. there B. where C. there where D. where there 　　11. It worried her a bit ____ her hair was turning grey. 　　A. while B. that C. if D. for 　　12.____ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present. 　　A. What B. That C. The fact D. The matter 　　13. I remember ____ this used to be a quite village. 　　A. When B. how C. Where D. What 　　14.--- Do you remember _____ he came?----Yes, I do, he came by car. 　　A. how B. when C. that D. if 　　15.____ is a fact that English is being accept as an international language. 　　A. There B. This C. That D. it 　　16.____ we can't get seems better than ____ we have. 　　A. What; what B. What; that C. That; that D. That; what 　　17._____we will go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. 　　A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where 　　18. It is considered unwise to give a child _____he or she wants. 　　A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever 　　19.-----I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. 　　 ------Is that ______you had a few days off? 　　A. why B. when C. what D. where 　　20.______you don't like him is none of my business. 　　A. What B. Who C. That D.Whether 　　21.You can't imagine ______when they received these nice Christmas presents. 　　A. how they were excited B.how excited they are C. how excited were they 　　D.they were how excited 　　22.Sarsh hopes to become a friend of ______shares her interests. 　　A. anyone B. whomever C. whoever D. no matter who 　　23.______caused the accident is still a complete mystery. 　　A. What B. That C. How D. Where 　　24.It was a matter of ______would take the position. 　　A. who B. whoever C. whom D. whomever 　　25. A few years ago, the belief became general _____orange juice and milk should never be drunk at the same meal. 　　A. that B. so that C. and that D. now that 　　26. The travelers lost their way in the forest, and ______made matters worse was that rain started falling. 　　A. which B. that C. it D. what 　　27.I didn't know what_____. 　　A. was the matter B. is the matter C. matter was 　　D. the matter is 　　28. It depends on _____we have enough time. 　　A. if B. weather C. if or not D. whether 　 答案：1.a 2.a 3.a 4.c 5.b 6.c 7.a 8.a 9.c 10. b 11.b 12.a 13.a 14.a 15.d 16.a 17.b 18.b 19.a 20.c 21.b 22.c 23.a 24.a 25.a 26.d 27.a 28.d 1．____he does has nothing to do with me. A. whatever B. No matter what C. That D. If 2. The manager came over and asked the customer how____ A. did the quarrel came about B .the quarrel had come about C. had the quarrel come about D. had the quarrel come about 3. Energy is ____makes thing work.. A. what B. something C. anything D. that 4. Information has been put forward ____ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities. A. while B. that C. when D. as 5. This is ___the shenzhou V Spaceship landed. A. there B. in which C. where D. when 6. They have no idea at all____. A. where he has gone B. where did he go C. which place has he gone D. where has he gone 7. The doctor did a lot to reduce the patient’s fear ____he would die of the disease. A. that B. which C. of which D. of that 8. The order came ___the soldiers ____the small village the next morning. A. that ;had to leave B. that; should leave C. /; must leave D. when; should leave 9. ___is no possibility ____Bob can win the first prize in the match. A. There; that B. It; that C. there; whether D. It; whether 10. The question came up at the meeting_____ we had enough money for our research. A. that B. which C. whether D. if 11. Is _____he said really true? A. that B. what C. why D. whether 12.____the meeting should last two days or three days doesn’t matter. A. That B. Whether C. If D. Where 13. It worried her a bit _____her hair was turning gray. A. while B. if C. that D. for 14. ???_____more countries can use natural energy in the future remains to be seen. A. Whether B. This C. who D. If 15.____he will go to work in a mountain village surprises all of us. A. What B. That C. Whether D. If 16. ____you don’t like him is none of my business. A. What B. That C. Who D. How 17.____all the inventions have in common is ____they have succeeded. A. What; what B. That; that C. what; that D. That ; what 18. ____appeared to me that he enjoyed the food very much. A. What B. It C. All that D. That 19. It is widely ______that smoking can cause cancer. A. believed B. think C. say D. hoped 20. ____caused the accident is still a complete mystery. A. What B. That C. How D. Where 21. ____he always serves the people very well is known. A. What B. That C. Which D. Who 22.____has passed the test will get a prize . A. Whoever B. No mater who C. Whomever D. Who 23.Is____ true that the famous scientist will give us a lecture next week? A that B it C his D he 24.It has not been decided ___ they will leave for New York. A. when B why C that D what 25. Obviously___ we do morning exercises every day ___ us good. A. that do B. if; do C what; does D. that; dose 26 It is said____ ____ was all ___ he said. A that; that; that B what; what; what C that; which; what D that; that; which 27___ gets home first is to cook the supper. A. Who B Whom C. Those who D. Whoever 28___ moved us most was___ he liked after the old man for more than twenty years. A. That; that B. What; that C What; what D. That; what 29.___ you did it is not known to all. A. Who B. What C. How D. Which 30.___ you do should be well done. A How B. That C. Whatever D Why 31. The reason I plan to go is___ she will be disappointed if I don’t. A. because B. that C. thanks to D. what 32. What time do you think__? A. will Tom come back B. Tom will come back C. is Tom coming back D. can Tom get here 33. The teacher said that light___ faster than sound. A. Has traveled B. traveled C. had traveled D. travels 34..___ is still a question___ will win. A. It; that B. It; who C. That; who D. This; that 35. If you know___ it was that write A Tale of Two Cities, raise your hand. A. whom B. which C. who D. that 36. In some countries,___ are called “public schools” are not owned by the state. A. that B. which C. as D. what 37. Thinking___ you know___ in fact you don’t is a terrible mistake. A. that; that B. what; what C. that; what D. what that 38. Whether ways will be found to stop pollution or not is just___ worries the public. A. why B. which C. that D. what 39. Why don’t you bring___ to his attention that you are too busy to do it? A. that B. what C. that D. it 40.___ David says sounds right to Helen. That’s why she has made up her mind to leave with him___ happens. A. whatever; whatever B. No matter what; whatever C. No matter what; No matter what D. Whatever; however 41. That is___ I was born and grew up. A. There B. in which