职称英语

· 职称英语考试完形填空的解题技巧 完形填空的一般解题步骤是： 　　1．通读全文。首先要阅读整篇文章，理解全文内容。同时对全文的语言表达方式，比如文章用的时态、语态、文章的措辞与口气等方面得出大致印象。 　　2．逻辑判断。在阅读全篇的基础上，开始从头判断每个空所缺的词的语言形式，如词类、时态、语态；并判断该词应具有的符合文章上下文的词义。 　　3．理解选择。从给出的4个选项中，选出在语法与词义上均与原文相符合的一个。 　　考生要提高完形填空的成绩，首先应注重提高自己应用语言的各种能力。这就要求他们： 　　1．选择词时，应善于通过阅读上下文找出与空中所缺词有关的词境线索。比如，注意前面是否已经提到该词所涉及的内容，所缺词应是肯定形式还是否定形式等。 　　2．职称英语考试中的完形填空有四个给定选项，所以考生答题时可采用排除法，就是把给出的4个词中在语法或词义方面不恰当的词排除掉，从而找出正确答案。 　　3．做完形填空试题时，比较忌讳看一个空填一个空。这样做，尽管所选的词，可能从语法和词义上都比较合适，但由于缺乏对整篇文章的了解，可能会出现一连串选词错误，造成这些句子的句意与全篇文章的意思不和谐，甚至出现前后矛盾的现象。 　　4．通过对近几年职称英语考试完形填空试题的分析，我们发现，在所需填的词中，结构词占一定比例，但至少60%以上是实义词，难度较大。考生若没有对全文的正确理解，就不可能把这些空中所缺的词全部填对。 　　5．考生在阅读的过程中要注意知识的积累，特别要加强对语言感受力的培养。完形填空不是单句填空，要求通过一定的语境线索进行分析，所以考生只有通过大量的阅读，增强语感和对语言的敏感程度。 　　6．考试中虽然只有一篇完形填空，但选材范围很广。所以考生平日应广闻博记，熟悉各种不同文体、不同题材，以及不同语言风格的文章。 · 09年职称英语完形填空的考查重点 完形填空旨在测试考生对语言的理解程度和综合运用语言的能力。职称英语考试中的完形填空测试是一篇难度适中，长度为150词左右的短文。短文中留出15个空白，每个空白为一题，每题有四个选项。要求考生在全面理解内容的基础上选择最佳答案，使短文意思完整、文理通顺、结构严谨、主题明确。 　　完形填空难于单句填空，因为它要求应试者从单句的理解水平提高到语篇的理解水平。完形填空所设计的每一处空白在内容上都与上下文密切相关，因此在做这类考题时，我们不应像对待单句选择那样去孤立地解决某一问题。要做好完形填空，考生不但要有相当的语法、词汇、写作知识及运用技巧，而且要有一定的语篇分析能力，较好的语感和逻辑思维以及比较广泛的背景知识。 　　完形填空考题的设计一般是从以下三个方面出发的：（1）语法结构，（2）词法结构，（3）上下文之间的逻辑关系。在15个选项中，要求填入实词（动词、名词和形容词等）的约占70%，其他为虚词（介词、副词等）的约占30%。要填的词几乎涉及各个词类，动词含有不同的时态和语态。 · 全国职称英语补全短文的必背解题技巧 补全短文题型中，每个题目都是一个陈述句，出现的位置不固定。 　　这种题型不是要求你写出答案，而是从选项中选择。选项的数目要多于题目的数目。 　　补全短文题型对阅读能力的要求较高，同时也非常注重基础知识如语法、词汇知识的考查，因此补全短文题型的难度较大，是职称考试中最令考生头痛的题型之一。下面，我们来共同探索一下补全短文题型的出题思路及解题技巧，以下面这篇文章为例： 　　【例1】 　　Home Schooling 　　All children in the United States have to receive an education, but the law does not say they have to be educated at school. A number of parents prefer not to send their children to school. 46 There are about 300,000 home-schoolers in the United States today. Some parents prefer teaching their children at home because they do not believe that public schools teach the correct religious values, others believe they can provide a better educational experience for their children by teaching them at home. 47 　　David Guterson and his wife teach their three children at home. Guterson says that his children learn very differently from children in school. 48 For example, when there is heavy snowfall on a winter day, it may start a discussion or reading about climate, snow removal equipment, Alaska, polar bears, and winter tourism. Or a spring evening when the family is out watching the stars is a good time to ask questions about satellites and the space program. 49 　　Home schooling is often more interesting than regular schools, but critics say that home-schoolers are outsiders who might be uncomfortable mixing with other people in adult life. 50 However, most parents don't have the time or the desire to teach their children at home, so schools will continue to be where most children get their formal education. 　　练习： 　　A. Interestingly, results show that home-schooled children quite often do better than average on national tests in reading and math. 　　B. Critics also say that most parents are not well qualified to teach their children. 　　C. Learning starts with the children's interests and questions. 　　D. Children who are educated at home are known as "home-schoolers". 　　E. In some countries, there are children who are educated by their parents at home instead of by teachers at school. 　　F. If the Brazilian rain forests are on the TV news, it could be a perfect time to talk about how rain forests influence the climate, how deserts are formed, and how the polar ice caps affect ocean levels. 　　解题方略：解每道题时只需要阅读该题所在段落，不需要阅读其他段落。往往通过阅读该题目的前后句就能够确定答案。 　　1．利用转折关系来做题。 　　对于46题，我们可以阅读其前面两句话可知，法律没有规定孩子们必须在学校里接受教育，这句话的潜台词就是有一些孩子没有在学校里接受教育，那么他们在哪里接受教育呢？那么就学生而言，at school相对应的应该是at home，所以选D。 　　2．利用归纳 总结 初级经济法重点总结下载党员个人总结TXt高中句型全总结.doc高中句型全总结.doc理论力学知识点总结pdf 关系来做题。 　　对于47题，出现在第一段的末尾。在这一段中，一直在对比在学校里接受教育和在家里接受教育，作为总结句，应该对这两种教育形式的优劣作出对比总结。在六个选项中，只有A和E提到了这两种教育形式，但只有A正确，其中的results暗示了正确答案。 　　3．利用总分关系来解题。 　　对于48题，从例证词for example我们就可得知，48空中必须出现一个具有概括意义的名词而且这个名词必须包括For example后所举的例子。通过阅读48题后面的句子：冬天下雪时他们与孩子讨论有关气候问题与除雪设备，讨论阿拉斯加、北极熊、冬季旅游等话题。在春天的夜晚，举家出去看星星，然后问孩子一些有关卫星、太空项目等方面的问题。这些讲的是孩子感兴趣的话题，因此正确答案选C。 　　4．利用并列关系解题。 　　对于49题，应当是48题的延续。49题作为第二段的最后一句，要么是对该段的总结，要么是For example后例证的并列。作为总结性的答案在选项中已经没有了，只可能是并列关系，因此选F。 　　5．利用关键词来解题。 　　对于50题，我们可以完全用关键词来解题。在最后一段第一句中出现了critics这个单词，由此可见该段主要讲批评家对home schooling所持的态度，在六个选项中只有B答案中出现了critics这个词，因此只能选B。 　　6．利用时间关系来解题。 　　我们以下面这篇文章为例： 例2】 　　How to do well in exams 　　Do not underestimate the power of revision in the days and hours before an examination. The closer you are to the exam, the more chance you have of storing and retaining crucial information. But do not overdo it. 46 An effective daily routine can help you through an exam period, so in the days leading up to your first exam, get into the habit of being up and ready to word by game. It can be a shock to the system after months of working to your own timetable to be mentally alert at that time if you have not prepared for it. 　　On the day of the exam, have a good breakfast, pack tow of everything you need (pens, pencils, erasers, etc.), then make your way to the examination hall in good time. 47 　　Once in your seat, simply pause for a few seconds and collect your thoughts. Close your eyes and take in a few slow, deep breaths to help you relax. When you turn over the test paper, spend a shot period reading through all the instructions and questions, paying particular attention to key verbs such as "discuss", "compare" and "evaluate". 48 It is always wise to allow 10 minutes at the end of the exam to give yourself time to go back over your answers. Once you have selected the questions you wish to tackle, begin by attempting the one you think is your strongest. It will give you more confidence when you see a well-answered question down on paper. Also remember to write clearly, and do not be afraid to express the unexpected: after all, examiners can get very bored marking stereotypical answers. 　　49 If you do need something else to focus on to help you collect your thoughts, choose a fixture in the room, such as the ceiling or anything else that will not allow you to be distracted. Finally, once you have finished, never hang around outside afterwards to attend the discussion by other students. 50 　　上述这篇文章的正确答案为D，A，E，B，C 　　A. Try no to be contempt to look at those around you, or at the clock. 　　B. When you get home, read the examination paper through and look up the other words you didn't understand. 　　C. Sleep exercise and relaxation are all just as important. 　　D. Map out a quick plan of points you wish to make and how muck time you should spend on each question. 　　E. Go and have a well earned rest — then prepare for you are next exam. 　　F. Do not arrive too early, though, as other people's anxiety can be contagious（传染性的）, and you may suffer from undue panic. 　　这是按照考试的先后顺序来确定正确答案的 · 2008年职称英语考试综合类(B级)真题及答案 · 2008年度全国职称外语等级考试试卷 英语 (综合类B级) 　　第1部分：词汇选项(第1—15题，每题1分，共15分) 　　下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。 　　1. She found me very dull. 　　A. dirty 　　B.sleepy 　　C.lazy 　　D. boring 　　2. The President made a brief visit to Beijing. 　　A.short 　　B.working 　　C.formal 　　D.secret 　　3. He was persuaded to give up the idea. 　　A.mention 　　B.accept 　　C.consider 　　D.drop 　　4. Jack consumes a pound of cheese a day. 　　A.eats 　　B.drink考试大(www．Examda。com) 　　C.buys 　　D.produces 　　5. Mary just told US a very fascinating story. 　　A.strange来源：www.examda.com 　　B.frightening 　　C.difficult 　　D.interesting 　　6. It's a gorgeous day anyway. 　　A.lovely 　　B.cold 　　C.normal 　　D.rainy 　　7. Her life is becoming more diverse. 　　A.generous 　　B.humorous 　　C.varied 　　D.romantic 　　8. Foreign military aid was prolonging the war 　　A.broadening 　　B.worsening 　　C.extending 　　D.accelerating 　　9. She was unwilling to go but she had no choice 　　A.unable 　　B.indecisive 　　C.ready 　　D.reluctant 　　l0. She is slender, with delicate wrists and ankles 　　A..sickhttp://ks.examda.com 　　B.weak 　　C.slim 　　D.pale 　　11. With immense relief, I stopped running. 　　A..some 　　B.enormous 　　C.little 　　D.extensive 　　12. The scientists began to accumulate data. 　　A.collect 　　B.handle 　　C.analyze 　　D.investigate 　　13. Jack eventually overtook the last truck 　　A. hit 　　B.passed 　　C.reached 　　D.led 　　14. Sometimes it is advisable to book hotels in advance 　　A. possible 　　B.profitable 　　C.easy考试大(www．Examda。com) 　　D.wise 　　15. The reason for their unusual behavior remains a puzzle 　　A. fact来源：考试大 　　B.mystery 　　C.statement 　　D.game 第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第23～30题，每题1分，共8分) 　　下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2---5段每段选择1个最佳标题;(2)第27"--30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。 　　A New Citizenship Test 　　1 Last week，a sample of the new US citizenship(公民身份)exam was released by the US Citizenship and Immigration Services(US-cist).It will be tried out in 10 cities early next year to replace the current test in 2008.Instead of asking how many stripes the US flag has，as the current test does，the new one asks why there are 13 stripes.Instead of having to name the branches of government，an applicant is asked to explain why there are three. 　　2 "The goal is to make it more meaningful."explains Emilio Gonzalez，director of the US.CIS.Immigrants who pass it are expected to have a better” understanding and respect” for US civic(公民的)values，Gonzalez says. 　　3.The us sin’t the only country dealing with citizenship)tests that aim to get a” shared 　　commitment” from immigrants for their adopted country’s” values".1n recent years，in addition to the usual requirement of language/work skills and economic status，several European countries have adopted citizenship tests.Britain introduced a new citizenship test Last November.1n March.a new butch law--took effect requiring all would-be immigrants to take a citizenship test.It involved watching a video showing nude(裸体的)women bathing at beaches and gay(同性恋的)men kissing in public.The aim was to ensure that” newcomers will be comfortable with the country’s liberal social mores 　　4 Europe has been known for welcoming immigrants for decades.But，today，the fact is that some immigrants are kept apart from Inca citizens by culture and they become hostile to each other.Promoting integration has become a major concern for European countries，after the rioting in Muslim ghettoes(少数民族聚居区)in France and the killing Of Dutch public figures by religious extremists. 　　5 Officials believe that a person’s attachment to a country can be tested by his or her knowledge of the country.However, some critics say that the changes can do little to help people assimilate(同化)themselves."Immigration is a culture war today.Is giving a new test the right way to lessen the accusations in that fight?” says Ali Noonan，of the Massachusetts Immigrant and Refugee Advocacy Coalition(难民辩护联盟). 　　23. Paragraph 2_____________ 　　24. Paragraph 3_____________ 　　25. Paragraph 4_____________ 　　26. Paragraph 5_____________ 　　A Preparation for taking a citizenship test 　　B citizenship tests in European countries 　　C importance of promoting integration 　　D Necessity to know the branches of government 　　E Different views on the new citizenship test 　　F goal of the new citizenship test 　　27. The questions in the new citizenship test are more difficult 　　28. Would-be immigrants to the US are expected 　　29. In the Dutch citizenship test, all would-be immigrants are required 　　30. Some people fear that changes in the citizenship test will do little 　　A to know a lot more about the country 　　B to watch a video 　　C to help immigrants accept the new culture 　　D to marry American citizens 　　E to do low-skill jobs 　　F to answer 转贴于：职第4部分：阅读理解(第31~45题，每题3分，共45分) 　　下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。 　　第一篇 Political Spins 　　Last week，US White House spokesman Tony Snow sent journalists digging for their dictionaries.He called recent criticism by the former President Bill Clinton” chutzpah"(大胆放肆).With just one sentence，Snow managed to make headlines，a joke and a defense of President George W.Bush.Interestingly, this is how battles are fought and won in US politics-with carefully-worded one-liners(一行字幕新闻)made for TV which often lack substance and clarity(清晰度). 　　"The amount of information that candidates attempt to communicate to people is actually getting smaller and smaller,” said Mark Smith，a political science professor at Cedarville University.This has been accompanied by a changing media environment， Smith said.In 1 968，the average TV or radio sound bite(演讲中的句子或短语)was 48 seconds，according to Smith.In 1996。the average sound bite had shrunk to 8 seconds. Thus，politicians wanting publicity try to make their public communication as quotable as possible. 　　Campaigning politicians also use 30-'second"I V ads and clever campaign slogans to boost their messages.Republican presidential candidate John McCain rides to campaign stops in a bus named the” Straight-Talk Express".Mocking hopes the name will convince voters he plans to tell people the truth—whether it’s in fashion or not.Democratic presidential candidate Hillary Clinton，on the other hand，has chosen the campaign slogan” Let the conversation begin".She hopes it will help her appear open—minded and friendly. 　　But one—liners，TV ads and campaign slogans all have a single key ingredient： something commonly called political” spin".Brooks Jackson，a former journalist and the current director of the non—partisan(无党派的)website Fact Check.org，calls spin” just a polite word for deception(欺骗)." 　　"I do believe that very often politicians believe their own spin."said Jackson. 　　"Strong partisans suffer from a universal human tendency：They ignore the evidence that would force them into the uncomfortable position of having to change their minds and admit that they were wrong." 　　31. Which statement is NOT true of one-liners? 　　A.They are unclear. 　　B. They contain a lot of information 　　C.They lack substance. 　　D.They are carefully constructed. 　　32 What changed from 1968 to 1996? 　　A. Publicity. 　　B. Information. 　　C. Communication. 　　D. The average sound bite. 　　33. The campaign slogan "Straight-Talk Express" aims at convincing voters that the Presidential candidate is 　　A. honest. 　　B. friendly. 　　C. open-minded. 　　D. warm-hearted. 　　34. According to Brooks Jackson, all campaign slogans are 　　A. attractive. 　　B. impressive. 　　C. deceptive. 　　D. informative. 　　35. Which statement best describes strong partisans? 　　A .They are very funny. 　　B .They are very healthy. 　　C .They are very aggressive. 　　D .They are very stubborn (顽固的). 第二篇A Tale of Scottish Rural Life来源：考试大 　　Lewis Grassic Gibbon's Sunset Song (1932) was voted "the best Scottish novel of all time" by Scotland's reading public in 2005. Once considered shocking for its frankdescription of aspects of the lives of Scotland's poor rural farmers, it has been adapted for stage, film, TV and radio in recent decades. 　　The novel is set on the fictional estate of Kin Addie, in the farming country of the Scottish northwest in the years up to and beyond World War I. At its heart is the story of Chris, who is both part of the community and a little outside it. 　　Grassic Gibbon gives us the most detailed and intimate account of the life of hisheroine (女主人公). We watch her grow through a childhood dominated by her cruel buthard-working father; experience tragedy (her mother's suicide and murder of her twinchildren); and learn about her feelings as she grows into a woman. We see her marrylose her husband, then marry again. Chris has seemed so convincing a figure to somefemale readers that they cannot believe that she is the creation of a man. 　　But it would be misleading to suggest that this book is just about Chris. It is truly a novel of a place and its people. Its opening section tells of Kin Addie’s long history, in a language that imitates the place's changing, patterns of speech and writing. 　　The story itself is amazingly full of characters and incidents. It is told from Chris' point of view but also from that of the gossiping community, a community where everybody knows everybody else's business and nothing is ever forgotten. 　　Sunset Song has a social theme too. It is concerned with what Grassic Gibbon 　　perceives as the destruction of traditional Scottish rural life first by modernization and then by World War I. Gibbon tried hard to show how certain characters resist the war. Despite this, the war takes the young men away, a number of them to their deaths. In particular, it takes away Chris' husband, Evan Avondale. The war finally kills Evan, but not in the way his widow is told. In fact, the Germans aren't responsible for his death, but his own side. He is shot because he is said to have run away from a battle. 　　If the novel is about the end of one way of life, it also looks ahead. It is a "Sunset Song" but is concerned too with the new Kin Addie, indeed of the new European world. Grassic Gibbon went on to publish two other novels about the place that continue its story. 　　36. What is Sunset Song mainly about? 　　A.The First World War. 来源：考试大 　　B.The beauty of the sunset. 　　C.The new European world. 　　D.The lives of rural Scottish farmers 　　37. Which statement is NOT true of Chris? 　　A.She is the heroine of Sunset Song 　　B.She had a miserable childhood. 　　C.She is the creation of a man. 　　D.She married only once. 　　38. What is the opening section of the novel mainly concerned with? 　　A.The climate of Kinraddie. 　　B.The history of Kinraddie.考试大(www．Examda。com) 　　C.The geography of Kinraddie. 　　D.The language spoken in Kinraddie. 　　39. Who killed Chris' husband, Ewan? 　　A.His own troops. 　　B.The French army. 　　C.The Germans. 　　D.The Russian soldiers. 　　40. The word "Sunset" in the title of this novel most probably means 　　A. the end of the heroine's life. 　　B.the end of the story.考试大论坛 　　C. the end of the traditional way of life. 　　D. the end of the day. 第三篇Centers of the Great European Cities 　　The centers of the great cities of Europe are meeting places by tradition．People gather there to drink coffee and chat late into the night．A mixture of locals and tourists make for an exciting，metropolitan(大都市的)atmosphere． 　　Squares，plazas(广场)and arcades(拱廊)form the heart of Europe’s cities． 　　Venice、in Italy has the Piazza San Marco—a beautiful square surrounded by shops， churches，restaurants and cafes。In Barcelona，Spain，La Becquerel is a lively market with hundreds of stalls selling all kinds of goods．London’S Covent Garden is filled with fruit and vegetable stalls by day and musicians，acrobats(杂技演员)and artists by night．The government buildings at the center of many cities often are architecturally impressive In London，they serve as a beautiful backdrop(背景)to the coffee tables that line the streets and the banks of the Thames． 　　These vibrant(有活力的)hearts are the product of centuries of evolution，social historian Joel Garreau told US News and World Report recently．"The reason people think Venice is SO great today is you don't see all the mistakes，"said Girardeau．"Those have all been removed．"Most European cities were laid out before the invention of the car. SO bars，restaurants and cafes were near to people’S homes．Today，the focus of many Europeans’ life has moved away from the centers．They live in the suburbs and outskirts. driving to supermarkets to get their supplies．But on a continent where people treasure convention，there are still those who hold onto traditional ways，living and shopping locally．These people，together with tourists，provide the city centers with their reason for existence． 　　Coffee culture plays a part in keeping these city centers flourishing. This is particularly true of Paris whose citizens are famous enthusiastic conversationalists．This skill is developed over many hours spent chatting over espressos(浓咖啡)and cigarettes． 　　Religion also plays a role in developing sociable atmosphere．People in Roman Catholic countries used to visit the Church on an almost daily basis．Entire communities would gather in the same building and then move out to the markets．cafes and bars in the surrounding streets．An enormous example of this relationship between church and society is the Cuomo．The huge marble cat