ASTM_B633-98_电镀锌标准

Designation:B633–98StandardSpecificationforElectrodepositedCoatingsofZinconIronandSteel1ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationB633;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginaladoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon(e)indicatesaneditorialchangesincethelastrevisionorreapproval.ThisstandardhasbeenapprovedforusebyagenciesoftheDepartmentofDefense.1.Scope1.1Thisspecificationcoversrequirementsforelectrodepos-itedzinccoatingsappliedtoironorsteelarticlestoprotectthemfromcorrosion.Itdoesnotcoverelectrodepositedzinc-coatedsteelwireorsheets(seeSpecificationA591/A591Mforsheets).1.2Thecoatingsareprovidedinfourstandardthicknessclasses(4.1),intheas-platedconditionorwithoneofthreetypesofsupplementaryfinish(4.2).1.3Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthesafetyconcerns,ifany,associatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstandardtoestablishappro-priatesafetyandhealthpracticesanddeterminetheapplica-bilityofregulatorylimitationspriortouse.2.ReferencedDocuments2.1ASTMStandards:A591/A591MSpecificationforSteelSheet,ElectrolyticZinc-Coated,forLightCoatingMassApplications2B117PracticeforOperatingSaltSpray(Fog)Apparatus3B183PracticeforPreparationofLow-CarbonSteelforElectroplating4B201PracticeforTestingChromateCoatingsonZincandCadmiumSurfaces4B242PracticeforPreparationofHigh-CarbonSteelforElectroplating4B254PracticeforPreparationofandElectroplatingonStainlessSteel4B320PracticeforPreparationofIronCastingsforElectro-plating4B322PracticeforCleaningMetalsPriortoElectroplating4B374TerminologyRelatingtoElectroplating4B487TestMethodforMeasurementofMetalandOxideCoatingThicknessesbyMicroscopicalExaminationofaCrossSection4B499TestMethodforMeasurementofCoatingThick-nessesbytheMagneticMethod:NonmagneticCoatingsonMagneticBasisMetals4B504TestMethodforMeasurementofThicknessofMe-tallicCoatingsbytheCoulometricMethod4B567TestMethodforMeasurementofCoatingThicknessbytheBetaBackscatterMethod4B568TestMethodforMeasurementofCoatingThicknessbyX-RaySpectrometry4B571TestMethodsforAdhesionofMetallicCoatings4B602TestMethodforAttributeSamplingofMetallicandInorganicCoatings4B697GuideforSelectionofSamplingPlansforInspectionofElectrodepositedMetallicandInorganicCoatings4B762MethodofVariablesSamplingofMetallicandInor-ganicCoatings4D2092GuideforTreatmentofZinc-Coated(Galvanized)SteelSurfacesforPainting5F1740GuideforInspectionofNylon,Polyester,orNylon/PolyesterBlend,orBothKernmantleRope62.2MilitaryStandard:MIL-STD-1312FastenerTests,Methods(Test12)73.Terminology3.1Definitions—Definitionsofthetermsusedinthisspeci-ficationareinaccordancewithTerminologyB374.4.Classification4.1Thickness—ThecoatingshallbeprovidedinthefourthicknessclassesdefinedinTable1.4.2Finish—Thecoatingshallhaveoneofthefinishtypesdefinedasfollows:TypeDescriptionIAs-platedwithoutsupplementarytreatmentIIWithcoloredchromateconversioncoatingsIIIWithcolorlesschromateconversioncoatingsIVWithphosphateconversioncoatings5.OrderingInformation5.1Whenorderingtheelectroplatingofarticles,thepur-chasershallstatethedesignationnumber,thedateofissue,the1ThisspecificationisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeB-8onMetallicandInorganicCoatingsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeB08.04onSoftMetals.CurrenteditionapprovedNov.10,1998.PublishedMarch1999.OriginallypublishedasB633–78.LastpreviouseditionB633–85(1994).2AnnualBookofASTMStandards,Vol01.06.3AnnualBookofASTMStandards,Vol03.02.4AnnualBookofASTMStandards,Vol02.05.5AnnualBookofASTMStandards,Vol06.02.6AnnualBookofASTMStandards,Vol13.01.7AvailablefromStandardizationDocumentsOrderDesk,Bldg.4SectionD,700RobbinsAve.,Philadelphia,PA19111-5094,Attn:NPODS.1AMERICANSOCIETYFORTESTINGANDMATERIALS100BarrHarborDr.,WestConshohocken,PA19428ReprintedfromtheAnnualBookofASTMStandards.CopyrightASTMclassorserviceconditionnumber,andthetype.(See4.1,4.2,and7.1).5.2Ifnecessary,thepurchasershallincludeonhispartdrawingsorpurchaseorderthefollowing:5.2.1Electroplatingapplicationtohighstrengthsteel,ifspecified(6.4),5.2.2Thickness,ifotherthanspecified(4.1,7.1),5.2.3Locationofsignificantsurface(7.1.1,7.1.2),5.2.4Luster(7.3),5.2.5Corrosionresistancetest,ifspecified(9.3,10.3),5.2.6Hydrogenembrittlementtest,ifrequired(9.4,10.4),5.2.7Samplesizeforinspection,ifotherthanspecified,and5.2.8Supplementaryrequirements,ifapplicable(Supple-mentaryRequirement).6.MaterialsandManufacture6.1Thecoatingsshallbeessentiallypurezincproducedbyelectrodeposition.6.2Defectsinthesurfaceofthebasismetal,suchasscratches,porosity,pits,inclusions,cracks,rollmarks,anddiemarks,mayadverselyaffecttheappearanceandperformanceofcoatingsappliedtheretodespitetheobservanceofthebestelectroplatingpractices.Accordingly,theelectroplater’sre-sponsibilityfordefectsinthecoatingresultingfromsuchconditionsshallbewaived,exceptwhenheistheprimecontractorsupplyingelectroplatedparts.Inthisevent,thebasismetalshallbesubjectedtosuchpolishingorbuffingoperationsasarenecessarytoyielddepositswiththedesiredfinallusterandappearance.Tominimizeproblemsofthissort,thespecificationscoveringthebasismaterialontheitemtobeelectroplatedshallcontainappropriatelimitationstosuchbasismetalconditions.6.3CleaningofBasisMetal—Properpreparatoryproce-duresandthoroughcleaningofthebasismetalareessentialtoensuresatisfactoryadhesionandcorrosionresistanceperfor-manceofthecoating.Itisrecommendedthatthefollowingappropriaterecommendedpracticesbeused:B183,B242,B254,B320,andB322.6.4High-TensileStrengthMetals—Unlessotherwisespeci-fied,highstrengthsteelshavingatensilestrengthgreaterthan1700MPashallnotbeelectroplated.6.5StressRelief—Allsteelpartshavinganultimatetensilestrengthof1000MPaandabove,andthathavebeenmachined,ground,coldformedorcoldstraightened,shallbeheattreatedataminimumof190°Cfor3hormoreforstressreliefbeforecleaningandelectroplating.6.6HydrogenEmbrittlementRelief—Allelectroplatedpartshavingatensilestrengthof1200MPaorhighershallbebakedataminimumof190°Cfor3hormorewithin4hafterelectroplatingtoprovidehydrogenembrittlementrelief.Elec-troplatedspringsandotherpartssubjecttoflexureshallnotbeflexedbeforethehydrogenembrittlementrelieftreatment.Thebakingtreatmentshallbedonebeforetheapplicationofthesupplementarytreatments.Bakedpartsshallnotcrackorfailbyfracturewhentestedinaccordancewith10.4.6.7ReactivationTreatment—Electroplatedsurfacespassi-vatedasaresultofthebakingoperationshallbereactivatedbeforereceivingasupplementarytreatment.Surfacesintendedforsupplementarytreatments(TypesIIandIII)maybereactivatedbyimmersioninadiluteacidsolution.Surfacesshouldbeactivatedassoonaspossiblefollowingbakingandshouldbehandledcarefullytoavoidcontamination.6.8SupplementaryTreatments—ThesupplementaryfilmtreatmentforTypesIIandIIIshallbeinaccordancewithPracticeB201.ThetreatmentrequiredforconversiontoTypeIVshallbeinaccordancewithGuideD2092.NOTE1—Thezincsurfaceisattackedbysupplementarytreatments,therebydiminishingtheamountofmetalliczincpresent.WithClassesFe/Zn25andFe/Zn13,thisreductionisinsignificant;butitissignificantwithFe/Zn8andFe/Zn5.Therefore,itisrecommendedthatsupplemen-tarytreatmentsnotbeappliedtozinccoatingshavinganominalthicknesslessthan5µm.7.CoatingRequirements7.1Thickness—Thethicknessshallbespecifiedinaccor-dancewith4.1and5.1.7.1.1SignificantSurfaces—Significantsurfacesareareaswhereminimumthicknessestobemetshallbedesignatedontheapplicabledrawingorbytheprovisionofasuitablymarkedsample.Significantsurfacesmaybedefinedasthosenormallyvisible,directlyorbyreflection,whichareessentialtotheappearanceorserviceabilityofthearticlewhenassembledinnormalposition;orwhichcanbethesourceofcorrosionproductsthatdefacevisiblesurfacesontheassembledarticle.7.1.2Surfacesonwhichthespecifiedthicknessofdepositcannotreadilybecontrolled,suchasthreads,holes,deeprecesses,basesofangles,andsimilarareas,arenormallyexemptfromminimumthicknessrequirements,unlesstheyarespeciallydesignatedasnotexempt.Whensuchareasaredesignated,andthusmadesubjecttominimumthicknessrequirements,thepurchaserandthemanufacturershallrecog-nizethenecessityforeitherthickerdepositsonotherareasorforspecialracking.NOTE2—Thedimensionaltoleranceofmostthreadedarticles,suchasnuts,bolts,screws,andsimilarfastenerswithcomplementarythreads,normallydoesnotpermittheapplicationofacoatingthicknessmuchgreaterthan8.0µm.Ifheaviercoatingsarerequired,allowanceforthedepositbuild-upmustbemadeduringthemanufactureofthethreadedarticles.7.2Adhesion—Theadhesionofthecoatingshallbesuchthatwhenexaminedinaccordancewith10.2,thecoatingshallnotshowseparationfromthebasismetalattheinterface.7.3Luster—Unlessotherwisespecifiedbythepurchaser,abright,semi-bright,ordulllustershallbeacceptable.7.4CorrosionResistance—ZinccoatingswithTypesIIandIIItreatmentsshallshowneithercorrosionproductsofzincnorbasismetalcorrosionproductsattheendofthetestperiod,asTABLE1ThicknessClassesforCoatingsClassificationANumberandConversionCoatingSuffixServiceConditionB,CThickness,minµmFe/Zn25SC4(verysevere)25Fe/Zn12SC3(severe)12Fe/Zn8SC2(moderate)8Fe/Zn5SC1(mild)5AIronorsteelwithzincelectroplate.Numeralindicatesthicknessinmicrometres.BSeeAppendixX2.CWhereserviceconditionsarevalidonlyforcoatingswithchromateconversioncoating.TypeIIforSC4andSC3andTypeIIIforSC2andSC1.B6332shownbelow,whentestedbycontinuousexposuretosaltsprayinaccordancewith10.3.Theappearanceofcorrosionproductsvisibletotheunaidedeyeatnormalreadingdistanceshallbecauseforrejectionexceptthatwhitecorrosionproductsattheedgesofspecimensshallnotconstitutefailure.CorrosionResistanceRequirementsTypesTestPeriod,hII96III127.5Workmanship—Thesurfaceoftheelectroplatedarticleshallbeuniforminappearance,freeofvisiblecoatingdefects,suchasblisters,pits,roughness,nodules,burning,cracks,orunplatedareas,andotherdefectsthatwillaffectthefunctionofthecoating.Thecoatingshallnotbestainedordiscolored.However,superficialstainingthatresultsfromrinsingorslightdiscolorationresultingfromanydryingorbakingoperationtorelievehydrogenembrittlement,shallnotbecauseforrejec-tion.Onarticleswhereavisiblecontactmarkisunavoidable,itspositionshallbethatchosenbythepurchaser.Theelectro-platedarticleshallbecleanandfreeofdamage.8.Sampling8.1Thepurchaserandproducerareurgedtoemploystatis-ticalprocesscontrolinthecoatingprocess.Properlyper-formed,statisiticalprocesscontrolwillassurecoatedproductsofsatisfactoryqualityandwillreducetheamountofaccep-tanceinspection.Thesamplingplanusedfortheinspectionofthequalitycoatedarticleshallbeagreeduponbetweenthepurchaserandproducer.8.1.1Whenacollectionofcoatedarticles(inspectionlot,see8.2)isexaminedforcompliancewiththerequirementsplacedonthearticles,arelativelysmallnumberofthearticles(sample)isselectedatrandomandisinspected.Theinspectionlotisthenclassifiedascomplyingwiththerequirementsbasedontheresultsoftheinspectionofthesample.Thesizeofthesampleandthecriteriaforcompliancearedeterminedbytheapplicationofstatistics.Theprocedureisknownassamplinginspection.TestMethodB602,GuideB697,andMethodB762containsamplingplansthataredesignedforsamplinginspectionofcoatings.8.1.2TestMethodB602containsfoursamplingplans,threeforusewithteststhatarenondestructiveandonewhentheyaredestructive.TestMethodB602providesadefaultplanifoneisnotspecified.8.1.3GuideB697providesalargenumberofplansandalsogivesguidanceintheselectionofaplan.GuideB697providesadefaultplanifoneisnotspecified.8.1.4TestMethodB762canbeusedonlyforcoatingrequirementsthathaveanumericallimit,suchascoatingthickness.Thetestmustyieldanumericvalueandcertainstatisticalrequirementsmustbemet.TestMethodB762containsseveralplansandalsogivesinstructionsforcalculat-ingplanstomeetspecialneeds.TestMethodB762providesadefaultplanifoneisnotspecified.8.1.5GuideF1740canbeusedforfastenerssuchasinternallythreaded,externallythreadedandnonthreadedfas-tenersandwashers.Thisguideprovidesfortwoplans:onedesignatedthe“detectionprocess”andonedesignatedthe“preventionprocess.”Thepurchaserandproducershallagreeontheplantobeused.8.2Aninspectionlotshallbedefinedasacollectionofcoatedarticlesthatarethesamekind,thathavebeenproducedtothesamespecification,thathavebeencoatedbyasinglesupplieratonetimeorapproximatelythesametime,underessentiallyidenticalconditions,andthataresubmittedforacceptanceorrejectionasagroup.9.SpecimenPreparation9.1ElectroplatedPartsorSeparateSpecimens—Whentheelectroplatedpartsareofsuchform,shape,size,andvalueastoprohibitusethereof,orarenotreadilyadaptabletoatestspecifiedherein,orwhendestructivetestsofsmalllotsizesarerequired,thetestshallbemadebytheuseofseparatespecimensplatedconcurrentlywiththearticlesrepresented.Theseparatespecimensshallbeofabasismetalequivalenttothatofthearticlesrepresented.“Equivalent”basismetalincludeschemicalcomposition,grade,condition,andfinishofsurfacepriortoelectroplating.Forexample,acold-rolledsteelsurfaceshouldnotbeusedtorepresentahot-rolledsteelsurface.Duetotheimpracticalityofforgingorcastingseparatetestspecimens,hot-rolledsteelspecimensmaybeusedtorepresentforgedandcaststeelarticles.Theseparatespecimensmayalsobecutfromscrapcastingswhenferrousalloycastingsarebeingelectroplated.Theseseparatespecimensshallbeintroducedintoalotatregularintervalsbeforethecleaningoperations,preliminarytoelectroplating,andshallnotbeseparatedtherefromuntilaftercompletionofelectroplating.Conditionsaffectingtheelectroplatingofspecimens,includingthespacing,platingmedia,bathagitation,temperature,etc.,inrespecttootherobjectsbeingelectroplated,shallcorrespondasnearlyaspossibletothoseaffectingthesignificantsurfacesofthearticlesrepresented.Unlessaneedcanbedemonstrated,separatelypreparedspecimensshallnotbeusedinplaceofproductionitemsfornondestructiveandvisualexaminations.9.2ThicknessandAdhesionSpecimens—Ifseparatespeci-mensforthicknessandadhesiontestsarerequired,theyshallbestripsapproximately25mmwide,100mmlong,and1mmthick.9.3CorrosionResistanceSpecimens—Ifseparatespeci-mensforcorrosionresistancetestsarerequired,theyshallbepanelsnotlessthan150mmlong,100mmwide,andapproximately1mmthick.9.4HydrogenEmbrittlementSpecimens—Ifspecimensarerequired,theconfigurationshallbethatspecifiedbythepurchaser.10.TestMethods10.1Thickness:10.1.1ThethicknessofthecoatingmaybedeterminedbyTestMethodsB487,B499,B504,B567,orB568,asapplicable.10.1.2MIL-STD-1312,Test12,maybeusedforthicknessmeasurementsofelectroplatedfastenerhardware.10.1.3Othermethodsmaybeusedifitcanbedemonstratedthattheuncertaintyofthemeasurementwiththesemethodsislessthan10%.B633310.1.4Makethicknessmeasurementsofzincelectroplat-ings,TypesII,III,andIV,afterapplicationofthesupplemen-tarytreatments.WhenTestMethodsB504,B567,orB568areused,removethesupplementarytreatmentpriortotesting.ThechromatefilmmayberemovedfromTypeIIandTypeIIIcoatingsbyusingaverymildabrasive(apasteoflevigatedaluminarubbedonwiththefinger).ThephosphatecoatingmayberemovedfromTypeIVcoatingbyaconcentrated(28%)ammoniasolutionthatquicklydissolvesthephosphatecoatingbutdoesnotattacktheunderlyingzinc.10.2Adhesion—Determineadhesionbyanysuitableproce-dureinaccordancewithTestMethodB571.10.3CorrosionResistance—Whenspecifiedinthecontractorpurchaseorder,determinethecorrosionresistanceinaccor-dancewithPracticeB117.Subjecttheselectedsamplestothesaltspraytest;thelengthoftimetobeapplicableforthetypeofsupplementarycoatingshallbeinaccordancewiththerequirementsof7.4.Tosecureuniformityofresults,ageTypesIIandIIIsupplementarycoatingsatroomtemperaturefor24hbeforesubjectiontothesaltspray.10.4HydrogenEmbrittlementRelief—Whenspecifiedinthecontractorpurchaseorder,prepareandtestthesatisfactorybehaviorofpartstoindicatefreedomfromhydrogenembrittle-ment.10.5VisualExamination—Examinematerialforcompli-ancewiththerequirementsofluster(7.3)andworkmanship(7.5)afterelectroplating.11.Rejection11.1Coatingsnotconformingtothisspecificationortoauthorizedmodificationshallberejected.Theymayberecon-sideredforinspectioninaccordancewithTestMethodB602.12.Certification12.1Thepurchasermayrequireinthepurchaseorderorcontractthattheproducerorsupplierprovidecertificationthatthefinishwasproducedandtestedinaccordancewiththisspecificationandfoundtomeettherequirements.Thepur-chasermaysimilarlyrequirethatareportofthetestresultsbefurnished.13.PackagingandPacking13.1Preservation,packaging,andpackingmethodsforzinc-electroplatedpartsorarticlesemployedbyasuppliershallbesuchastoprecludedamagingduringshipmentandhan-dling.14.Keywords14.1electrodepositedcoatings;zinc;zinc,electrodepositedcoatingsSUPPLEMENTARYREQUIREMENTSThefollowingsupplementaryrequirementshallapplyonlywhenspecifiedbythepurchaseraspartofthepurchaser’sorderorcontractandforallagenciesoftheUnitedStatesGovernment.S1.ResponsibilityforInspectionS1.1Theproducerorsuppliershallberesponsiblefortheperformanceofallinspectionrequirementsasspecifiedherein.Exceptasotherwisespecifiedinthecontractororder,thesuppliermayusehisownoranyotherfacilitiessuitablefortheperformanceoftheinspectionrequirementsspecifiedhereinunlessdisapprovedbythepurchaser.Thepurchaserretainstherighttoperformanyoftheinspectionsandtestssetforthinthisspecificationwheresuchinspectionsandtestsaredeemednecessarytoensurethatsuppliesandservicesconformtotheprescribedrequirements.APPENDIXES(NonmandatoryInformation)X1.SERVICELIFEOFZINCX1.1Theservicelifeofzinccoatingisafunctionofitsthicknessandthetypeofenvironmenttowhichitisexposed.Whiletheconditionsofexposureandusesofelectroplatedmetalaresovariedthatitisnotdefinitelypossibletopredicttheexactlifeofarticlesprotectedbyacoatingofagiventhickness,thoseusingzinccoatingscandrawonthewealthofpracticalexperienceathand,supplementedbyresultsofcorrosiontestscarriedoutovertheyears.AsaresultoflargescaleandlongrangetestsconductedbyASTMandotherorganizations,thereisexcellentinformationonthecorrosionbehaviorofzincandzinccoatings.Thefollowingdata,basedonworld-widetesting,maybeusedtocomparethebehaviorofelectrodepositedcoatingsofzincinvariousatmospheres.Thevaluesareonlyrelative,sinceindividualstudiesinvariouspartsoftheworldhaveresultedinfigureswhichvarywidelyfromtheseaverages.AtmosphereMeanCorrosionRateIndustrial5.6µm/yearUrbannon-industrialormarine1.5µm/yearSuburban1.3µm/yearRural0.8µm/yearIndoorsConsiderablylessthan0.5µm/yearNOTEX1.1—ThemeancorrosionrategivenpertainstozinconlyandB6334doesnotincludeacorrosionratewhenzincispassivatedorincontactwithothermaterials.X2.EXAMPLESOFAPPROPRIATESERVICECONDITIONSANDDESCRIPTIONOFSERVICECONDITIONSX2.1SC4—VerySevere—Exposuretoharshconditions,orsubjecttofrequentexposuretomoisture,cleaners,andsalinesolutions,pluslikelydamagebydenting,scratching,orabra-sivewear.Examplesare:plumbingfixtures,polelinehard-ware.X2.2SC3—Severe—Exposuretocondensation,perspira-tion,infrequentwettingbyrain,andcleaners.Examplesare:tubularfurniture,insectscreens,windowfittings,builder’shardware,militaryhardware,washingmachineparts,bicycleparts.X2.3SC2—Moderate—Exposuremostlytodryindooratmospheresbutsubjecttooccasionalcondensation,wear,orabrasion.Examplesare:tools,zippers,pullshelves,machineparts.X2.4SC1—Mild—Exposuretoindooratmosphereswithrarecondensationandsubjecttominimumwearorabrasion.Examplesare:buttons,wiregoods,fasteners.TheAmericanSocietyforTestingandMaterialstakesnopositionrespectingthevalidityofanypatentrightsassertedinconnectionwithanyitemmentionedinthisstandard.Usersofthisstandardareexpresslyadvisedthatdeterminationofthevalidityofanysuchpatentrights,andtheriskofinfringementofsuchrights,areentirelytheirownresponsibility.Thisstandardissubjecttorevisionatanytimebytheresponsibletechnicalcommitteeandmustbereviewedeveryfiveyearsandifnotrevised,eitherreapprovedorwithdrawn.YourcommentsareinvitedeitherforrevisionofthisstandardorforadditionalstandardsandshouldbeaddressedtoASTMHeadquarters.Yourcommentswillreceivecarefulconsiderationatameetingoftheresponsibletechnicalcommittee,whichyoumayattend.IfyoufeelthatyourcommentshavenotreceivedafairhearingyoushouldmakeyourviewsknowntotheASTMCommitteeonStandards,100BarrHarborDrive,WestConshohocken,PA19428.B6335