2004年北京大学考博英语真题

北京大学2004年博士研究生入学考试试题PartOneListeningComprehension（略）PartTwoStructureandWrittenExpressionDirections:Ineachquestiondecidewhichofthefourchoicesgivenwillmostsuitablycompletethesentenceifinsertedattheplacemarked.PuttheletterofyourchoiceontheANSWERSHEET.(20%)41.Thebeautyofthereflectedimagesinthelimpidpoolwasthepoignantbeautyofthingsthatare__________,existingonlyuntilthesunset.A.equitableB.ephemeralC.euphoniousD.evasive42.Broodingandhopelessnessarethe__________ofIndiansintheprairiereservationsmostofthetime.A.occupationsB.promisesC.frustrationsD.transactions43.What__________aboutthatarticleinthenewspaperwasthatitswritershowedanattitudecoolenough,professionalenoughand,therefore,cruelenoughwhenfacingthatdisaster-strickenfamily.A.workedmeoutB.knockedmeoutC.broughtmeupD.putmeforward44.__________consideredthehumanbodyaestheticallysatisfactory.A.Neitherprehistoriccavemannorlate-industrialurbanmanB.Norprehistoriccavemanorlate-industrialurbanmanC.Noprehistoriccavemannorlate-industrialurbanmanD.Neitherprehistoriccavemanorlate-industrialurbanman45.Notuntilthe1980's__________inBeijingstarttofindwaystopreservehistoricbuildingsfromdestruction.A.someconcernedcitizensB.someconcerningcitizensC.didsomeconcerningcitizensD.didsomeconcernedcitizens46.Thebuttocksare__________mostotherpartsinthebody.A.likelylesstocausefataldamagethanB.likelylesscausingfataldamagetoC.lesslikelytocausefataldamagethanD.lesslikeytocausefataldamageto47.Theconceptofinternet,__________hasintriguedscientistssincethemid-20thcentury.A.thetransmissionofimages,soundsandmessagesoverdistancesB.transmittingofimages,soundsandmessagesalongdistancesC.totransmitimages,soundsandmessagesondistanceD.thetransmissibilityofimages,soundsandmessagesfordistances48.Becauseofdifficultiesingettingavisa,thestudentshadto__________theideaofapplyingforstudyintheUnitedStates.A.reduceB.yieldC.relinquishD.waver49.Hisrequestforadayoff__________bythemanagerofthecompany.A.wasturnedoffB.wasturneddownC.wasputdownD.wasputaway50.Theindexofindustrialproduction__________lastyear.A.raisedupby4percentB.roseupwith4percentC.aroseupwith4percentD.wentupby4percent51.Please__________ifyouevercometoSydney.A.lookatmeB.lookmeupC.lookmeoutD.looktome52.BritishhopesofagoldmedalintheOlympicGamessuffered__________yesterday,whenHunterfailedtoqualifyduringthepreliminaryheats.A.asharpset-backB.severeset-backC.asevereblown-upD.sharpblown-up53.Bytheendoftheyear2004,he__________inthearmyfor40years.A.willhaveservedB.willserveC.willbeservingD.willbeserved54.__________therewasanepidemicapproaching,Mr.Smith__________theinvitationtovisitthatarea.A.Ifheknew,wouldhavedeclinedB.Ifhehadknown,woulddeclineC.Hadheknown,woulddeclineD.Hadheknown,wouldhavedeclined55.Inthedarktheycouldnotseeanythingclear,butcould__________.A.hearsomebodymournB.hearsomebodymourningC.hearsomebodymournedD.hearsomebodyhadbeenmourning56.Theteamleaderofmountainclimbersmarkedout__________.A.thatseemedtobethebestrouteB.whatseemedtobethebestrouteC.whichseemedtobethebestrouteD.somethingthattobethebestroute57.TheschemewassoimpracticablethatIrefusedeven__________.A.toconsidersupportingitB.consideringtosupportitC.toconsideringtosupportitD.consideringsupportingit58.AmongthefirsttocomeandliveinNorthAmerica__________,wholaterprosperedmainlyinNewEngland.A.hadbeenDutchsettlersB.DutchsettlerswerethereC.wereDutchsettlersD.Dutchsettlershadbeenthere59.Thecargoboxhasalabel__________onit.Pleasehandleitwithcare.A.“flexible”B.“break”C.“fragile”D.“stiff”60.__________wewishhimprosperous,wehaveobjectionstohiswaysofobtainingwealth.A.MuchasB.AsmuchC.MoreasD.AswellasPartThreeReadingComprehensionⅠ.Directions:Eachofthepassagesisfollowedbysomequestions.Foreachquestionfouranswersaregiven.Readthepassagescarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachquestion.PutyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.(10%)PassageOneWhatMakesa“MillennialMind”?Since1000AD,around30billionpeoplehavebeenbornonourplanet.Thevastmajorityhavecomeandgoneunknowntoallbuttheirfriendsandfamily.Afewhaveleftsometraceonhistory:adiscoverymade,perhaps,orarecordbroken.Ofthose,fewerstillarerememberedlongaftertheirdeath.Yetofallthepeoplewhohavelivedtheirlivesduringthelast1,000years,just38haveachievedthestatusof“MillennialMinds”-that'sbarelyoneinabillion.ThosewhoselivesFocushaschronicledhavethusbecomemembersofpossiblythemostexclusivelistofalltime.Andchoosingwhoshouldbeincludedwasnoteasy.Fromthebeginning,thesinglemostimportantcriterionwasthatthe“MillennialMinds”arethosewhodidmorethanmerelyachievegreatnessintheirowntime,orinonefield.ThusmerewinnersofNobelPrizeshadnoautomaticrighttoinclusion,norartistswhogainedfameintheirownera,butwhosereputationhasfadedwithchangingfashion.Theachievementsofthegenuine“MillennialMind”affectourlivesevennow,ofteninwayssofundamentalthatitishardtoimaginewhattheworldwaslikebefore.NoteventranscendentgeniuswasenoughtoguaranteeaplaceintheFocuslist.Torateasa“MillennialMind”,thelifeandachievementsalsohadtocastlightonthecomplexnatureofcreativity:itsorigins,nature,anditspersonalcost.61.Thefirstparagraphtellsusthat__________.A.Focushadalistof“MillennialMinds”workedoutinsecretB.Focushadcompiledabiographicalbookofthelivesof“MillennialMinds”C.Focus'slistofthe“MillennialMinds”consistsofastrictlyselectedfewD.Focustriedhardtoexcludemostofthefamouslivesfromthelistofthe“MillennialMinds”62.Accordingtothesecondparagraph,whichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?A.NobelPrizewinnersarenotqualifiedforthe“MillennialMinds”.B.A“MillennialMind”needsonlytohaveagreatinfluenceonthelivesofthepeopleofhistime.C.Onlythosewhoseachievementsstillgreatlyaffectourlivestodaycanbeincludedinthelistofthe“MillennialMinds”.D.The“MillennialMinds”arethosewhohavechangedhumanlivessomuchthatpeopleoflatergenerationscannotrememberwhatthingswerelikeinthepast.63.Inthefirstsentenceofthethirdparagraph,“transcendentgenius”means__________.A.peoplewhoareexceptionallysuperiorandgreatintalentB.peoplewhoseachievementsarenotforgottenbylatergenerationsC.peoplewhosegeniushasbeenpasseddowntothepresenttimeD.peoplewhohaveguaranteedthemselvesaplaceintheFocuslist64.Inthethirdparagraph,thephrase“castlighton”canbereplacedby__________.A.shineoverB.lightupC.shedlightonD.brightenupPassageTwoTributetoDr.CarloUrbani,IdentifierofSARSOnthe29thofMarch,2003,theWorldHealthOrganizationdoctorCarolUrbanidiedofSevereAcuteRespiratorySyndrome,thefast-spreadingpneumoniathathadkilled54peopleworldwide.The46-year-oldItaliandoctorwasthefirstWHOofficertoidentifytheoutbreakofthisnewdiseaseinanAmericanbusinessman.Dr.UrbanifirstsawtheUSbusinessmanonFeb.28,twodaysafterthepatienthadbeenadmittedtoahospitalinHanoi.AlthoughUrbanihadwornamask,helackedgogglesandotherprotectiveclothing.HebegandemandingthatHanoihospitalsstockuponprotectivegearandtightenupinfectioncontrolprocedures.Buthewasfrustratedathowlongitwastakingtoteachinfection-controlprocedurestopeopleinhospitals.Therewereshortagesofsupplies,likedisposablemasks,gowns,gloves.Afterthreeweeksofround-the-clockeffort,Urbani'ssuperiorurgedhimtotakeafewdaysofftoattendamedicalmeetinginBangkok,wherehewastotalkonchildhoodparasites.Thedayafterhearrived,hebeganfeelingill-withsymptomsofthenewdisease.Hecalledhiswife,nowlivinginHanoiwiththeirthreechildren.Hesaid:“GobacktoItalyandtakethechildren,becausethiswillbetheendforme.”Dr.Urbanidevelopedafeverandwasputintoisolationwhereheremaineduntilhisdeath.TheWHOrepresentativeinHanoisaid:“Hewasverymuchadoctor,hisfirstgoalwastohelppeople.”HewasburiedonApril2,2003inCastelplanio,centralItaly,leavingbehindhiswifeandchildren.ThemeasureshehelpedputinplacebeforehisdeathappeartohavedousedtheSARSwildfireinVietnam.65.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTTRUE?A.Dr.UrbanicaughtSARSfromanAmericanbusinessmanwhowashospitalizedinHanoi.B.Therewerenotenoughdisposablemasks,gowns,glovesandprotectiveequipment.C.Heknewhehadlittlehopetosurviveafterhewasfoundinfected.D.Dr.Urbanihadhelpedcombatingthenewdiseasebyputtinginplaceaseriesofinfection-controlmeasures.66.Inthethirdparagraph,“threeweeksofround-clockeffort”means__________.A.forthreeweeksthehospitalwastakinginSARSpatientswithoutstoppingB.DrUrbaniworkeddayandnightforthreeweeks,tryingtogetSARSundercontrolC.forthreeweeksDr.Urbanididnothaveanytimetosleep,tryinghardtofightthenewdiseaseD.AfterthreeweekshardworktocontrolSARS,thehospitalsuperiorthoughtitwastimetostoptheclock67.Accordingtothecontext,theword“doused”inthelastsentenceofthispassagecouldbebestreplacedwith__________.A.extinguishedB.eliminatedC.solvedD.delugedPassageThreeGlassSincetheBronzeAge,about3000B.C.,glasshasbeenusedformakingvariouskindsofobjects.Itwasfirstmadefromamixtureofsilica,lime,andanalkalisuchassodaorpotash,andtheseremainedthebasicingredientsofglassuntilthedevelopmentofleadglassintheseventeenthcentury.Whenheatedthemixturebecomessoftandmoldableandcanbeformedbyvarioustechniquesintoavastarrayofshapesandsizes.Thehomogeneousmassthusformedbymeltingthencoolstocreateglass,butincontrasttomostmaterialsformedinthisway(metals,forinstance),glasslacksthecrystallinestructurenormallyassociatedwithsolids,andinsteadretainstherandommolecularstructureofaliquid.Ineffect,asmoltenglasscools,itprogressivelystiffensuntilrigid,butdoessowithoutsettingupanetworkofinterlockingcrystalscustomarilyassociatedwiththatprocess.Thisiswhyglassshatterssoeasilywhendealtablow.Anotherunusualfeatureofglassisthemannerinwhichitsviscositychangesasitturnsfromacoldsubstanceintoahot,ductileliquid.Unlikemetalsthatflowor“freeze”atspecifictemperatures,glassprogressivelysoftensasthetemperaturerises,goingthroughvaryingmoldablestagesuntilitflowslikeathicksyrup.Eachofthesestagesallowstheglasstobemanipulatedintovariousforms,bydifferenttechniques,andifsuddenlycooledtheobjectretainstheshapeachievedatthatpoint.Glassisthusopentoagreaternumberofheat-formingtechniquesthanmostothermaterials.68.Accordingtothepassageglasscoolsandbecomesrigiddifferentlyfrommetalsbecause__________.A.ithasanunusuallylowmeltingtemperatrueB.itdoesnotsetupanetworkofinterlockingcrystalsC.ithasarandommolecularstructureofaliquidD.itismadefromamixtureofsilica,lime,andsoda69.Inthephrase“withoutsettingupanetworkofinterlockingcrystalscustomarilyassociatedwiththatprocess”inthesecondparagraph,asubstitutefortheword“customarily”maybe__________.A.continuouslyB.certainlyC.eventuallyD.usually70.Glasscanbeeasilymoldedintoallkindsofformsbecause__________.A.itmeltslikeliquidwhenheatedB.itsoftensgraduallythroughvaryingstageswhenheatedC.itretainstheshapeatthepointwhenitissuddenlycooledD.variousheatingtechniquescanbeusedinmakingglassⅡ.Directions:ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthenexplaininyourownEnglishtheexactmeaningofthenumberedandunderlinedparts.PutyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(15%)Noonegetsoutofthisworldalive,andfewpeoplecomethroughlifewithoutatleastoneseriousillness.(71)Ifwearegivenaseriousdiagnosis,itisusefultotrytoremainfreeofpanicanddepression.Paniccanconstrictbloodvesselsandimposeanadditionalburdenontheheart.(72)Depression,asmedicalresearcherswaybacktoGalen,anancientGreekdoctor,haveobserved,cansetthestageforotherillnessesorintensifyexistingones.Itisnosurprisethatsomanypatientswholearnthattheyhavecancerorheartdisease-oranyothercatastrophicdisease-becomeworseatthetimeofdiagnosis.(73)Themomenttheyhavealabeltoattachtotheirsymptoms,theillnessdeepens.Alltheterriblethingstheyhaveheardaboutdiseaseproducethekindofdespairthatinturncomplicatestheunderlyingcondition.(74)Itisnotunnaturaltobeseverelyapprehensiveaboutaseriousdiagnosis,butareasonableconfidenceisjustified.Cancertoday,forexample,islargelyatreatabledisease.Aheavilydamagedheartcanbereconditioned.(75)EvenapositiveHIVdiagnosisdoesnotnecessarilymeanthattheillnesswillmoveintotheactivestage.PartFourClozeTestDirections:FillineachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassagewithONEsuitablewordtocompletethepassage.PutyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10%)FlowersfortheDeadSinceflowerssymbolizenewlife,itmayseeminappropriatetohavethematfunerals.Yetpeopleinmanyculturestopcoffinsorcasketswithwreathsandgarlandsandputblossomsonthegravesofthe(76)__________.Thiscustomispartofawidespread,long-livedpattern.EdwinDanielWolffspeculatedthatfloraltributestothedeadareanoutgrowthofthegravegoodsofancient(77)__________.Inculturesthatfirmlybelievedinan(78)__________,andbelievedfurtherthatthedepartedcouldenterthatafterlifeonly(79)__________theytookwiththemindicationsoftheirworldlystatus,itwasanecessitytoburythedeadwithmaterialgoods:hencethewivesandanimalsthatwerekilledtoaccompany(80)__________rulers,theriches(81)__________withEgyptianpharaohs,andthecoinsthatEuropeansusedtoplaceonthedepartedperson'seyesaspaymentfortheStygianferryman.Intime,aseconomymodifiedtradition,theactual(82)__________goodswerereplaced(83)__________symbolicrepresentations.InChina,forexample,goldandsilverpaperbecameastand-in(84)__________realmoney.Eventuallyeventhesymbolicsignificancebecameobscured.Thus,Wolffsaid,flowersmaybethe(85)__________stepin“threewell-markedstagesofofferingstothedead:theactualobject,itssubstituteinvariousforms,and—finally—meretributesofrespect.”PartFiveProofreadingDirections:Thispartconsistsofashortpassage.Inthispassage,therearealtogether10mistakes,oneineachunderlinedsentenceorpartofasentence.Youmayhavetochangeaword,addawordorjustdeleteaword.Ifyouchangeaword,crossitoutwithaslash(\)andwritethecorrectwordnearit.Ifyouaddaword,writethemissingwordbetweenthewords(inbrackets)immediatelybeforeandafterit.Ifyoudeleteaword,crossitoutwithaslash(\).PutyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10%)Examples:e.g.1(86)Themeetingbegun2hoursago.CorrectionintheANSWERSHEET:(86)begunbegane.g.2(87)Scarcelytheysettledthemselvesintheirseatsinthetheatrewhenthecurtainswentup.CorrectionintheANSWERSHEET:(87)(Scarcely)had(they)e.g.3(88)NeverwillInotdoitagain.CorrectionintheANSWERSHEET:(88)not(86)HomescouldstartbeenconnectedtotheInternetthroughelectricaloutlets.(87)Inthisway,consumersandbusinessmayfindeasiertomakecheapertelephonecallsundernewrulesthattheFederalCommunicationsCommissionbeganpreparingonThursday.(88)Takingtogether,thenewrulescouldprofoundlyaffectthearchitectureoftheInternetandtheservicesitprovides.(89)Theyalsohaveenormousimplicationsforconsumers,thetelephoneandenergyindustries,equipmentmanufacturers.MichaelK.Powell,theF.C.C.chairman,andhistwoRepublicancolleaguesonthefive-membercommissionsaidthat(90)a4-to-1voteonThursdaytoallowasmallcompanyprovidingcomputer-to-computerphoneconnectionstooperateindifferentrulesfromordinaryphonecompanies,wouldultimatelytransformthetelecommunicationsindustryandtheInternet.(91)“Thisisareflectingofthecommission'scommitmenttobringtomorrow'stechnologytoconsumerstoday,”saidMr.Powell.Headdedthat(92)therulesgoverningthenewphoneservicessoughttomakethemaswideavailablease-mail,(93)andpossiblymuchlessexpensivethantraditionalphones,andgiventheirlowerregulatorycosts.Atthesametime,(94)oncewhiletherulesallowingdeliveryoftheInternetthroughpowerlinesarecompleted,(95)companiescouldprovideconsumerswiththeabilitytoplugtheirmodemsdirectlyintowallsockets,justliketheydowithatoaster,oradesklamp.PartSixWritingDirections:Writeashortcompositionofabout250to300wordsonthetopicgivenbelow.AndwritethecompositionontheANSWERSHEET.(15%)Topic:EpidemicDiseasesandPublicHealthCrises试题详解PartOneListeningComprehension(略）PartTwoStructureandWrittenExpression41.B42.A43.B44.A45.D46.C47.A48.C49.B50.D51.B52.A53.A54.D55.B56.B57.A58.C59.C60.APartThreeReadingComprehensionⅠ.PassageOne61.C62.C63.A64.CPassageTwo65.D66.B67.APassageThree68.B69.D70.BⅡ.(71)Ifyouareseriouslyill,it'sgoodforyounottobepanicanddepressed.(72)Medicalresearchers,amongwhomGalen,anancientGreekdoctor,isthefirstone,havefoundoutthatdepressioncannotonlyresultinotherillnessbutalsoaggravateexistingones.(73)Oncetheyknowwhatillnessthey'vegot,theygetworse.(74)Formostpeople,it'sdifficulttoaccepttheterriblefactandremainsensible,butweshouldatleasthaveconfidenceinourselves.(75)EvenifyougetaHIVdiagnosis,itisstillpossibleforyoutoavoidtheoutbreak.PartFourClozeTest(76)dead(77)traditions(78)afterlife(79)if(80)the(81)or(82)grave(83)by(84)for(85)lastPartFiveProofreading(86)beenbeing(87)(finD.it(easier)(88)takingTaken(89)(industries),and(equipment)(90)inunder(91)reflectingreflection(92)widewidely(93)andgivengiven(94)while(95)likeasPartSixWritingEpidemicDiseasesandPublicHealthCrisesWhenSARSepidemicsweptacrossChinaandstirredupeventheentireglobelastyear,peoplefinallycametorealizetheconceptofpublichealthcrises,whichinrealityhavealreadyaffectedourlifeinvariousways.Whydidn'twerecognizethisuntilourlifehasbeenendangered?Surely,epidemicdiseasesasakindofpublichealthcrises,havecontributedtopeople'sperceptionofpublichealthcrises.Publichealthitselfisnotnew,buttheterm”publichealthcrises“hasbeenfreshformostpeopleinChina.Itincludesnotonlyoutbreaksofdiseases,butalsowatererosion,deforestation,desertificationandmanyotherproblemswhichmankindasawholemustface.Eversincetheindustrialrevolutionandgreateconomicexpansion,people'slifehasbeenchallengedinonewayoranotherduetolotsofirresponsiblebehaviorsofmankind.Mostofthetime,peoplehaveaccustomedtotheirordinarywayoflifeanddonotsparetimeincomprehendingtheimminentcrises.Ontheotherhand,epidemicoutbreaksalwaystakeonaverysevereoutlookandthusposedirectdangerstocommonpeople.Theyaffectpeople'sdailyactivitiesandeventheirlives,andthatiswhytheycansuccessfullyarousepeople'sconcernsabouttheirownhealth.Tosomeextent,ourawarenessofourdininghabitsandcarelessnessinprotectingtheenvironmentcanbeattributedtotheoutbreakofsomeepidemics,likeSARSandbirdflu.Weshouldallbegratitudeforthisawarenessbroughtaboutbysomeepidemics.AsChinaandtheworld'seconomycontinuetoexpand,governmentsandpeoplearefullyawarethatsomemeasureshavetobetakentofendoffanypossibledangertopublichealth.