*..*..住院医师A呋喃妥因适应症：1敏感大肠杆菌、肺炎杆菌所致的尿路感染；2预防尿路感染。给药说明：疗程至少7日，或继续服药至尿菌清除后3日以上不良反应：1.恶心、呕吐、纳差和腹泻等胃肠道反应较常见。2.皮疹、药物热、粒细胞减少、肝炎等变态反应亦可发生3.头痛、头昏、嗜睡、肌痛4.偶可引起发热、咳嗽、胸痛等急性肺炎
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关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf
现*..住院医师B复方磺胺甲恶唑适应症肠炎,心内膜炎,急性支气管炎,慢性支气管炎,淋病,骨髓炎,小儿腹泻,败血症,消化内科,心血管内科,呼吸内科,性病科,神经内科,儿科,传染病科用法用量尿路感染的疗程7～10日;细菌性痢疾的疗程为5～7日不良反应1过敏反应较为常见2中性粒细胞减少或缺乏症、血小板减少症及再生障碍性贫血。3溶血性贫血及血红蛋白尿。4高胆红素血症和新生儿核黄疸。5肝脏损害。6肾脏损害。*..住院医师B复方磺胺甲恶唑7恶心、呕吐、胃纳减退一般症状轻微。8中枢神经系统毒性反应偶可发生9偶可发生无菌性脑膜炎，有头痛、颈项强直、恶心等表现。该品所致的严重不良反应虽少见，但常累及各器官并可致命儿童处于生长发育期，肝肾功能还不完善，用药量应酌减。*..比较*. A呋喃妥因 B复方磺胺甲噁唑 治疗范围 尿路感染 广泛，多系统 疗程 至少7日 7到10日 不良反应 少肾毒性小 多肾毒性大 疗法 短程疗法单剂量疗法 相对较长单剂量疗法 疗程 3~7天 7~14天.UpToDate数据库的简单介绍UpToDate首页：*..我们所了解到的UpToDate的使用方法：1数据库比较完善，可以直接用中文搜索2检索框中的检索命令有备选项3检索命令不可太长，否则不识别4未注册平台的文献数量相对稳定*..P:儿童急性尿路感染Childrenwithacuteurinarytractinfectionl:口服呋喃妥因治疗3-7天Oralnitrofurantointherapyfor3to7daysC:口服复方磺胺甲噁唑治疗7-10天Oralcompoundsulfamethoxazoletherapyfor7to10daysO:治疗效果Neffectoftherapy*..UpToDate首页www.uptodate.com或者可直接点击搜索出现搜索网页因现在UpToDate比较完善，所以点击搜索，出现搜索网页，可选择直接用中文搜索*..输入中文检索的PICO：儿童急性尿路感染口服呋喃妥因治疗3-7天与口服复方磺胺甲噁唑治疗7-10天的治疗效果的比较2输入中文检索的PICO*..检索结果:三页150篇，13篇可能有关*..1尿路感染婴儿和儿童的年龄超过一个月:急性管理、成像和预后2评估和管理怀疑耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌皮肤和软组织感染孩子3艰难梭状芽胞杆菌感染在儿童:治疗和预防4细菌性脑膜炎的儿童年龄超过一个月:治疗和预后5志贺氏杆菌感染:儿童的治疗和预防6:儿童造血的骨髓炎治疗7耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌:儿童侵袭性感染的治疗8金黄色葡萄球菌菌血症:儿童治疗9儿童急性中耳炎:治疗10在新生儿念珠菌感染的治疗11儿童肺炎:住院治疗12急性膀胱炎两岁以上儿童和青少年13人类疱疹病毒6儿童感染:临床表现;诊断;治疗14B组链球菌感染在新生儿和婴幼儿15儿童病毒性胃肠炎的预防和治疗16单核细胞增多性李斯特氏菌感染的治疗、预后和预防17儿童尿路感染:长期管理和预防18不寻常的真菌感染的新生儿19新生儿单纯疱疹病毒感染:管理和预防20新生儿巨细胞病毒感染和疾病,婴儿、儿童和青少年21病毒性脑膜炎:管理、预测和预防儿童22儿童普通感冒:治疗和预防23在新生儿淋球菌的感染24儿童急性肾结石的管理25疱疹的龈口炎在年幼的孩子原题目（英文）在幻灯片下方的备注中150条结果展示：儿童急性尿路感染口服呋喃妥因治疗3-7天与口服复方磺胺甲噁唑治疗7-10天的治疗效果的比较*..1Urinarytractinfectionsininfantsandchildrenolderthanonemonth:Acutemanagement,imaging,andprognosis2Evaluationandmanagementofsuspectedmethicillin-resistantStaphylococcusaureusskinandsofttissueinfectionsinchildren3Clostridiumdifficileinfectioninchildren:Treatmentandprevention4Bacterialmeningitisinchildrenolderthanonemonth:Treatmentandprognosis5Shigellainfection:Treatmentandpreventioninchildren6Hematogenousosteomyelitisinchildren:Treatment7Methicillin-resistantStaphylococcusaureusinchildren:Treatmentofinvasiveinfections8Staphylococcusaureusbacteremiainchildren:Treatment9Acuteotitismediainchildren:Treatment10TreatmentofCandidainfectioninneonates11Pneumoniainchildren:Inpatienttreatment12Acutecystitisinchildrenolderthantwoyearsandadolescents13Humanherpesvirus6infectioninchildren:Clinicalmanifestations;diagnosis;andtreatment14GroupBstreptococcalinfectioninneonatesandyounginfants15Preventionandtreatmentofviralgastroenteritisinchildren16Treatment,prognosis,andpreventionofListeriamonocytogenesinfection17Urinarytractinfectionsinchildren:Long-termmanagementandprevention18Unusualfungalinfectionsintheneonate19Neonatalherpessimplexvirusinfection:Managementandprevention20Cytomegalovirusinfectionanddiseaseinnewborns,infants,childrenandadolescents21Viralmeningitis:Management,prognosis,andpreventioninchildren22Thecommoncoldinchildren:Treatmentandprevention23Gonococcalinfectioninthenewborn24Acutemanagementofnephrolithiasisinchildren25Herpeticgingivostomatitisinyoungchildren26在儿童和青少年:喉咙痛症状治疗27阴茎头包皮炎:儿童临床表现、诊断和治疗28季节性流感的儿童:与抗病毒药物预防和治疗29新生儿肺炎30尿路感染在新生儿31儿童肺炎支原体感染32感染的并发症,诊断和治疗33沙眼衣原体感染新生儿34A组链球菌(酿脓链球菌)儿童的菌血症35巴尔病毒感染的临床表现和治疗36管理和预后parapneumonic积液、积脓症的孩子37婴幼儿毛细支气管炎:治疗;结果;预防38细菌性脑膜炎的新生儿:治疗和结果39治疗特应性皮炎(湿疹)40嘶哑的病因和管理孩子41儿童原发性肾病综合症的治疗42评估和管理新生儿发烧的和年轻的婴儿(少于三个月的年龄)43方法患者nontyphoidal沙门氏菌在凳子上的文化44人工耳蜗植入感染45口腔软组织病变的孩子46血管内导管相关性感染的治疗47口服补液疗法48医学免疫缺陷的管理49寻常痤疮的治疗50贾第虫病的治疗和预防原题目（英文）在幻灯片下方的备注中150条结果展示：儿童急性尿路感染口服呋喃妥因治疗3-7天与口服复方磺胺甲噁唑治疗7-10天的治疗效果的比较*..26Sorethroatinchildrenandadolescents:Symptomatictreatment27Balanoposthitisinchildren:Clinicalmanifestations,diagnosis,andtreatment28Seasonalinfluenzainchildren:Preventionandtreatmentwithantiviraldrugs29Neonatalpneumonia30Urinarytractinfectionsinnewborns31Mycoplasmapneumoniaeinfectioninchildren32Complications,diagnosis,andtreatmentofodontogenicinfections33Chlamydiatrachomatisinfectionsinthenewborn34GroupAstreptococcal(Streptococcuspyogenes)bacteremiainchildren35ClinicalmanifestationsandtreatmentofEpstein-Barrvirusinfection36Managementandprognosisofparapneumoniceffusionandempyemainchildren37Bronchiolitisininfantsandchildren:Treatment;outcome;andprevention38Bacterialmeningitisintheneonate:Treatmentandoutcome391Treatmentofatopicdermatitis(eczema)40Etiologyandmanagementofhoarsenessinchildren41Treatmentofidiopathicnephroticsyndromeinchildren42Evaluationandmanagementoffeverintheneonateandyounginfant(lessthanthreemonthsofage)43ApproachtothepatientwithnontyphoidalSalmonellainastoolculture44Cochlearimplantinfections45Softtissuelesionsoftheoralcavityinchildren46Treatmentofintravascularcatheter-relatedinfections47Oralrehydrationtherapy48Medicalmanagementofimmunedeficiency49Treatmentofacnevulgaris50Treatmentandpreventionofgiardiasis51在婴儿和儿童百日咳博德特氏菌感染:治疗和预防52囊性纤维化:抗生素治疗肺部疾病53儿童肺炎球菌肺炎54儿童肺炎所致Chlamydophila(衣原体)物种55咽后的感染孩子56慢性鼻窦炎的管理57儿童鼓膜置管耳漏:原因,预防和管理58先天性弓形体病:治疗,结果,和预防59儿童社区获得性肺炎:门诊治疗60细菌性关节炎:婴儿和儿童的治疗和预后61儿童肺炎球菌脑膜炎62免疫性血小板减少症(ITP):儿童最初的管理63尿素循环障碍:管理64管理膀胱功能障碍的孩子65治疗杜氏和贝克肌营养不良66儿童哮喘急性发作:急诊科管理67在新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎的管理68手术治疗和术后的结果儿童膀胱外翻69儿童急性严重哮喘发作:重症监护病房管理70儿童发烧chemotherapy-induced中性粒细胞减少71腺病毒感染的诊断和治疗72临床表现、诊断和治疗的感染肠出血性大肠杆菌(EHEC)73治疗和预防链球菌tonsillopharyngitis74慢性肉芽肿性疾病:治疗和预后75流行病学、发病机制、治疗和预防肠道病毒和parechovirus感染原题目（英文）在幻灯片下方的备注中150条结果展示：儿童急性尿路感染口服呋喃妥因治疗3-7天与口服复方磺胺甲噁唑治疗7-10天的治疗效果的比较*..51Bordetellapertussisinfectionininfantsandchildren:Treatmentandprevention52Cysticfibrosis:Antibiotictherapyforlungdisease53Pneumococcalpneumoniainchildren54PneumoniacausedbyChlamydophila(Chlamydia)speciesinchildren55Retropharyngealinfectionsinchildren56Managementofchronicrhinosinusitis57Tympanostomytubeotorrheainchildren:Causes,prevention,andmanagement58Congenitaltoxoplasmosis:Treatment,outcome,andprevention59Community-acquiredpneumoniainchildren:Outpatienttreatment60Bacterialarthritis:Treatmentandoutcomeininfantsandchildren61Pneumococcalmeningitisinchildren62Immunethrombocytopenia(ITP)inchildren:Initialmanagement63Ureacycledisorders:Management64Managementofbladderdysfunctioninchildren65TreatmentofDuchenneandBeckermusculardystrophy66Acuteasthmaexacerbationsinchildren:Emergencydepartmentmanagement67Managementofnecrotizingenterocolitisinnewborns68Surgicalmanagementandpostoperativeoutcomeofchildrenwithbladderexstrophy69Acutesevereasthmaexacerbationsinchildren:Intensivecareunitmanagement70Feverinchildrenwithchemotherapy-inducedneutropenia71Diagnosisandtreatmentofadenovirusinfection72Clinicalmanifestations,diagnosisandtreatmentofenterohemorrhagicEscherichiacoli(EHEC)infection73Treatmentandpreventionofstreptococcaltonsillopharyngitis74Chronicgranulomatousdisease:Treatmentandprognosis75Epidemiology,pathogenesis,treatment,andpreventionofenterovirusandparechovirusinfections76淋球菌的感染传播77儿童治疗血容量减少(脱水)78Candidemia:儿童治疗79在儿童和青少年急性病毒性脑炎:治疗和预防80在青少年异常子宫出血:管理81治疗和预防流行病enterocolitica和曾经假结核病感染82儿童铅中毒:管理83儿童急性阑尾炎:管理84儿童高血压管理突发事件和危机斗争85supraventricular心动过速管理孩子86在新生儿念珠菌感染的临床表现和诊断87儿童言语和语言障碍的
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和治疗88先天性甲状腺功能减退症的治疗和预后89全身炎症反应综合征(SIRS)和儿童脓毒症:定义、流行病学、临床表现和诊断90发展中国家的儿童严重营养不良:治疗91孤立的管理在婴儿和儿童室间隔缺损92儿童偏头痛的管理93儿童复发性肾结石的预防94儿科艾滋病毒感染的自然历史和分类95发热性癫痫发作96儿童细菌性脑膜炎:地塞米松和其他措施,防止神经并发症97足跟疼痛的临床特征和管理儿童或青少年运动员98管理在早产儿动脉导管未闭99儿童���移植的并发症100治疗和预后的志贺产毒大肠杆菌(STEC)溶血性尿毒症综合征(HUS)原题目（英文）在幻灯片下方的备注中150条结果展示：儿童急性尿路感染口服呋喃妥因治疗3-7天与口服复方磺胺甲噁唑治疗7-10天的治疗效果的比较*..76Disseminatedgonococcalinfection77Treatmentofhypovolemia(dehydration)inchildren78Candidemiainchildren:Treatment79Acuteviralencephalitisinchildrenandadolescents:Treatmentandprevention80Abnormaluterinebleedinginadolescents:Management81TreatmentandpreventionofYersiniaenterocoliticaandYersiniapseudotuberculosisinfection82Childhoodleadpoisoning:Management83Acuteappendicitisinchildren:Management84Managementofhypertensiveemergenciesandurgenciesinchildren85Managementofsupraventriculartachycardiainchildren86ClinicalmanifestationsanddiagnosisofCandidainfectioninneonates87Evaluationandtreatmentofspeechandlanguagedisordersinchildren88Treatmentandprognosisofcongenitalhypothyroidism89Systemicinflammatoryresponsesyndrome(SIRS)andsepsisinchildren:Definitions,epidemiology,clinicalmanifestations,anddiagnosis90Severemalnutritioninchildrenindevelopingcountries:Treatment91Managementofisolatedventricularseptaldefectsininfantsandchildren92Managementofmigraineheadacheinchildren93Preventionofrecurrentnephrolithiasisinchildren94NaturalhistoryandclassificationofpediatricHIVinfection95Febrileseizures96Bacterialmeningitisinchildren:Dexamethasoneandothermeasurestopreventneurologiccomplications97Clinicalfeaturesandmanagementofheelpaininthechildoradolescentathlete98Managementofpatentductusarteriosusinprematureinfants99Complicationsofrenaltransplantationinchildren100TreatmentandprognosisofShigatoxin-producingEscherichiacoli(STEC)hemolyticuremicsyndrome(HUS)inchildren101儿童自身免疫性溶血性贫血102巴斯德菌感染103蜂窝织炎、丹毒104管理膀胱输尿管的回流105火炬感染概述106初始管理的动物和人类107脑膜炎球菌感染的治疗和预防108治疗盆腔炎109治疗复发性virus-induced喘息在年幼的孩子110儿童颈部淋巴腺炎诊断方法和初始治疗111未来的治疗食物过敏112HyperimmunoglobulinE综合症113免疫球蛋白治疗原发性免疫缺陷114治疗下肢深静脉血栓形成115概述治疗急性淋巴细胞白血病的儿童和青少年116乳腺炎、乳腺��肿在婴儿、儿童和青少年117儿童急性细菌性鼻窦炎:微生物学和治疗118甲状腺机能亢进的治疗和预后儿童和青少年119儿童鼻出血的管理120静脉血栓形成和血栓栓塞的诊断和治疗的婴儿和儿童121病��不明原因的发烧的孩子122小儿多发性硬化症的治疗和预后123在婴幼儿缺铁:治疗124主要megaureter婴儿和儿童125哮喘儿童12岁以下:药物治疗持续性哮喘的控制器原题目（英文）在幻灯片下方的备注中150条结果展示：儿童急性尿路感染口服呋喃妥因治疗3-7天与口服复方磺胺甲噁唑治疗7-10天的治疗效果的比较*..101Autoimmunehemolyticanemiainchildren102Pasteurellainfections103Cellulitisanderysipelas104Managementofvesicoureteralreflux105OverviewofTORCHinfections106Initialmanagementofanimalandhumanbites107Treatmentandpreventionofmeningococcalinfection108Treatmentofpelvicinflammatorydisease109Treatmentofrecurrentvirus-inducedwheezinginyoungchildren110Cervicallymphadenitisinchildren:Diagnosticapproachandinitialtreatment111Futuretherapiesforfoodallergy112HyperimmunoglobulinEsyndrome113Immuneglobulintherapyinprimaryimmunodeficiency114Treatmentoflowerextremitydeepveinthrombosis115Overviewofthetreatmentofacutelymphoblasticleukemiainchildrenandadolescents116Mastitisandbreastabscessininfants,children,andadolescents117Acutebacterialrhinosinusitisinchildren:Microbiologyandtreatment118TreatmentandprognosisofGraves'diseaseinchildrenandadolescents119Managementofepistaxisinchildren120Diagnosisandtreatmentofvenousthrombosisandthromboembolismininfantsandchildren121Etiologiesoffeverofunknownorigininchildren122Treatmentandprognosisofpediatricmultiplesclerosis123Irondeficiencyininfantsandyoungchildren:Treatment124Primarymegaureterininfantsandchildren125Asthmainchildrenyoungerthan12years:Treatmentofpersistentasthmawithcontrollermedications126持续性腹泻儿童在发展中国家127阴囊疼痛的原因在儿童和青少年128婴儿痉挛症的管理和预后129囊胞性纤维症:临床实验的疗法130尿路并发症脊髓脊膜突出(脊柱裂)131治疗难治性川崎病132儿童肾病综合症的症状管理133先天性梅毒:评估、管理和预防134初始冲击管理孩子135管理短肠综合征的儿童136发烧没有源3-36个月的儿童137治疗儿童原发性肾病综合症138由于狗和猫咬伤软组织感染139布鲁氏菌病的临床表现、诊断和治疗140儿童急性肝衰竭:管理141缺锌和补充儿童和青少年142中耳炎积液(浆液性中耳炎)孩子们:管理143评估和管理与non-chemotherapy-induced儿童发烧的中性粒细胞减少144新生儿脑病的临床特征、诊断和治疗145在人类免疫缺陷感染病毒的婴儿和儿童发烧146管理和结果D-transposition伟大的动脉147弯曲杆菌感染的临床表现、诊断和治疗148管理和后遗症性虐待的儿童和青少年149抗生素锁治疗导管相关血流感染的治疗150细菌性败血症的治疗和预防早产婴儿原题目（英文）在幻灯片下方的备注中150条结果展示：儿童急性尿路感染口服呋喃妥因治疗3-7天与口服复方磺胺甲噁唑治疗7-10天的治疗效果的比较*..126Persistentdiarrheainchildrenindevelopingcountries127Causesofscrotalpaininchildrenandadolescents128Managementandprognosisofinfantilespasms129Cysticfibrosis:Investigationaltherapies130Urinarytractcomplicationsofmyelomeningocele(spinabifida)131TreatmentofrefractoryKawasakidisease132Symptomaticmanagementofnephroticsyndromeinchildren133Congenitalsyphilis:Evaluation,management,andprevention134Initialmanagementofshockinchildren135Managementoftheshortbowelsyndromeinchildren136Feverwithoutasourceinchildren3to36monthsofage137Steroid-resistantidiopathicnephroticsyndromeinchildren138Softtissueinfectionsduetodogandcatbites139Clinicalmanifestations,diagnosis,andtreatmentofbrucellosis140Acuteliverfailureinchildren:Management141Zincdeficiencyandsupplementationinchildrenandadolescents142Otitismediawitheffusion(serousotitismedia)inchildren:Management143Evaluationandmanagementoffeverinchildrenwithnon-chemotherapy-inducedneutropenia144Clinicalfeatures,diagnosis,andtreatmentofneonatalencephalopathy145Feverinhumanimmunodeficiencyvirus-infectedinfantsandchildren146ManagementandoutcomeofD-transpositionofthegreatarteries147Clinicalmanifestations,diagnosis,andtreatmentofCampylobacterinfection148Managementandsequelaeofsexualabuseinchildrenandadolescents149Antibioticlocktherapyfortreatmentofcatheter-relatedbloodstreaminfections150Treatmentandpreventionofbacterialsepsisinthepreterminfant结果与反思：1相关文献太少可能原因：检索命令太长关键词不突出也有不会使用该数据库的可能2全部相关文献中没有与用药相关的内容可能原因：我们没有购买，无法读取细节信息策略调整：改变检索命令，选择检索框中出现的检索命令注册（临床医生，医疗机构，开业诊所，患者），可选患者，但审核时间过长，无法在短时间内注册成功*..检索命令：尿路感染儿童*..检索结果：多数相关相关度高者多靠前*..尿路感染婴儿和儿童的年龄超过一个月:急性管理、成像和预后婴儿和儿童的尿路感染:一个月以上的临床特征和诊断儿童尿路感染:流行病学和危险因素儿童尿路感染:长期管理和预防急性膀胱炎两岁以上儿童和青少年患者信息:尿路感染在儿童(除了基础知识)评价排尿困难的儿童和青少年尿路感染在新生儿评价减肥在婴儿6个月的年龄和年轻评价减肥的婴儿在6个月的年龄,儿童和青少年儿童肾结石的临床特征和诊断儿童肾移植的并发症感染由于沙雷氏菌属的物种尿路并发症脊髓脊膜突出(脊柱裂)在儿童尿液收集技术发烧没有源3-36个月的儿童儿童膀胱功能障碍的病因和临床特点未受割礼的阴茎在新生儿念珠菌感染的临床表现和诊断紧急评估儿童急性腹痛儿童急性阑尾炎:临床表现和诊断全身炎症反应综合征(SIRS)和儿童脓毒症:定义、流行病学、临床表现和诊断病因不明原因的发烧的孩子引起急性腹痛的儿童和青少年儿童发烧chemotherapy-induced中性粒细胞减少结果展示：尿路感染儿童原题目（英文）在幻灯片下方的备注中*..1Urinarytractinfectionsininfantsandchildrenolderthanonemonth:Acutemanagement,imaging,andprognosisUrinarytractinfectionsininfantsandchildrenolderthanonemonth:ClinicalfeaturesanddiagnosisUrinarytractinfectionsinchildren:Epidemiologyandriskfactors4Urinarytractinfectionsinchildren:Long-termmanagementandprevention5AcutecystitisinchildrenolderthantwoyearsandadolescentsPatientinformation:Urinarytractinfectionsinchildren(BeyondtheBasics)EvaluationofdysuriainchildrenandadolescentsUrinarytractinfectionsinnewbornsEvaluationofweightlossininfantssixmonthsofageandyoungerEvaluationofweightlossininfantsoversixmonthsofage,children,andadolescentsClinicalfeaturesanddiagnosisofnephrolithiasisinchildrenEtiologyandclinicalfeaturesofbladderdysfunctioninchildrenComplicationsofrenaltransplantationinchildrenEtiologiesoffeverofunknownorigininchildrenInfectionsduetoSerratiaspeciesUrinarytractcomplicationsofmyelomeningocele(spinabifida)UrinecollectiontechniquesinchildrenFeverwithoutasourceinchildren3to36monthsofageCareoftheuncircumcisedpenisClinicalmanifestationsanddiagnosisofCandidainfectioninneonatesEmergentevaluationofthechildwithacuteabdominalpainEvaluationandmanagementoffeverintheneonateandyounginfant(lessthanthreemonthsofage)Acuteappendicitisinchildren:ClinicalmanifestationsanddiagnosisSystemicinflammatoryresponsesyndrome(SIRS)andsepsisinchildren:Definitions,epidemiology,clinicalmanifestations,anddiagnosisFeverinchildrenwithchemotherapy-inducedneutropeniaCausesofacuteabdominalpaininchildrenandadolescentsClinicalfeaturesanddiagnosisofbacterialsepsisinthepreterminfantSepticshock:RapidrecognitionandinitialresuscitationinchildrenCauses,diagnosis,andevaluationofhyperkalemiainchildrenSleepwalkingandotherparasomniasinchildrenCandidainfectionsinchildren:AnoverviewUrinarytractinfectionsandasymptomaticbacteriuriainpregnancyFast-trackprotocolsincolorectalsurgeryHypersensitivityreactionstofluoroquinolonesantimicrobialsEsophagectomy:ComplicationsandmanagementManagementofvesicoureteralrefluxNeonatalcircumcision:RisksandbenefitsEpidemiologyofandriskfactorsfornephrolithiasisinchildrenEvaluationanddiagnosisofbladderdysfunctioninchildrenEvaluationofgrosshematuriainchildrenUreteroceleDefinitionandetiologyoffeverinneonatesandinfants(lessthanthreemonthsofage)AcutemanagementofnephrolithiasisinchildrenSurgicalmanagementandpostoperativeoutcomeofchildrenwithbladderexstrophyRenalectopicandfusionanomaliesPreventionofrecurrentnephrolithiasisinchildrenRenalmanifestationsofsicklecelldiseaseStrategiesfortheevaluationoffeverinneonatesandinfants(lessthanthreemonthsofage)ComplicationsofidiopathicnephroticsyndromeinchildrenEtiologyandevaluationofnocturnalenuresisinchildren细菌性败血症的临床特征和诊断早产婴儿儿童脓毒性休克:快速识别和初始复苏儿童血钾过高的原因、诊断和评价梦游病和其他儿童异态睡眠念珠菌感染在儿童:概述尿路感染和无症状菌尿在怀孕结直肠外科快速
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过敏反应氟喹诺酮类原料药抗菌素食管切除术:并发症和管理管理膀胱输尿管的回流新生儿包皮环切术:风险和好处流行病学和儿童肾结石的危险因素儿童膀胱功能障碍的评估和诊断儿童血尿总值的评价输尿管疝定义和发烧的病因在新生儿和婴儿(少于三个月的年龄)儿童急性肾结石的管理手术治疗和术后的结果儿童膀胱外翻评估和管理新生儿发烧的和年轻的婴儿(少于三个月的年龄)肾异位和融合异常儿童复发性肾结石的预防肾镰状细胞病的表现策略的评估在新生儿和婴儿发烧(少于三个月的年龄)夜尿症的病因和评价孩子儿童特发性肾病综合征的并发症原题目（英文）在幻灯片下方的备注中结果展示：尿路感染儿童*..结果：与搜索目的相关的文章比较靠前，而且数量有所增多，表明这次所选用的检索命令正确查看相关文章，均没有要寻找的答案（选取三篇做示范）使用注意事项：检索命令不可太长，突出关键词最好使用备选检索命令*..检索策略：在检索框中输入检索命令XXX→限制选项的选取→搜索→结果当搜索内容符合结果时，检索结束当搜索内容不符合结果时，调整检索词，继续检索，直至结束为止此题：检索命令：尿路感染在儿童→限制选项：儿童→检索结果符合→检索结束*..相关度高者结果未提及关于两种药物的治疗
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尿路感染婴儿和儿童的年龄超过一个月:急性管理、成像和预后介绍尿路感染(UTI)是一种常见的和重要的临床问题的童年。上尿路感染(急性肾盂肾炎)可能会导致肾瘢痕,高血压,和终末期肾功能障碍。尽管肾盂肾炎患儿往往表现为发烧、临床理由很难区分膀胱炎和肾盂肾炎,特别是年幼的孩子(两年以下)1]。因此,我们这里有广泛定义为UTI没有试图区分膀胱炎和肾盂肾炎。急性膀胱炎分别讨论了年长的孩子。(见“急性膀胱炎两岁以上儿童和青少年”.)儿童急性尿路感染的管理和预后将被审查。的流行病学、危险因素、临床特征、诊断、长期管理和预防尿路感染在新生儿分别讨论了儿童和尿路感染。(见“儿童尿路感染:流行病学和风险因素”和“尿路感染婴儿和儿童的年龄超过一个月:临床特点和诊断”和“儿童尿路感染:长期管理和预防”和“新生儿尿路感染”.)概述目标——目标的治疗尿路感染(UTI)包括(2、3]:●消除感染和预防尿脓毒病●预防复发和长期并发症包括高血压、肾瘢痕,肾增长和功能受损
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（英文）在幻灯片下方的备注中*..Urinarytractinfectionsininfantsandchildrenolderthanonemonth:Acutemanagement,imaging,andprognosisINTRODUCTIONUrinarytractinfections(UTI)areacommonandimportantclinicalprobleminchildhood.Upperurinarytractinfections(ie,acutepyelonephritis)mayleadtorenalscarring,hypertension,andend-stagerenaldysfunction.Althoughchildrenwithpyelonephritistendtopresentwithfever,itcanbedifficultonclinicalgroundstodistinguishcystitisfrompyelonephritis,particularlyinyoungchildren(thoseyoungerthantwoyears)[1].Thus,wehavedefinedUTIbroadlyherewithoutattemptingtodistinguishcystitisfrompyelonephritis.Acutecystitisinolderchildrenisdiscussedseparately.(See"Acutecystitisinchildrenolderthantwoyearsandadolescents".)TheacutemanagementandprognosisofUTIinchildrenwillbereviewedhere.Theepidemiology,riskfactors,clinicalfeatures,diagnosis,long-termmanagement,andpreventionofUTIinchildrenandUTIinnewbornsarediscussedseparately.(See"Urinarytractinfectionsinchildren:Epidemiologyandriskfactors"and"Urinarytractinfectionsininfantsandchildrenolderthanonemonth:Clinicalfeaturesanddiagnosis"and"Urinarytractinfectionsinchildren:Long-termmanagementandprevention"and"Urinarytractinfectionsinnewborns".)OVERVIEWGoals—Thegoalsoftreatmentforurinarytractinfections(UTI)include[2,3]:●Eliminationofinfectionandpreventionofurosepsis●Preventionofrecurrenceandlong-termcomplicationsincludinghypertension,renalscarring,andimpairedrenalgrowthandfunction相关度高者结果未提及关于两种药物的治疗方案儿童尿路感染:长期管理和预防介绍尿路感染(UTI)是一个经常发生在童年的临床问题。上尿路感染(急性肾盂肾炎)可能会导致肾瘢痕,高血压,和终末期肾功能障碍。尽管肾盂肾炎患儿往往表现为发热,通常很难区分膀胱炎和肾盂肾炎的临床依据,尤其是在幼儿(<2岁)1]。因此,我们这里有广泛定义为UTI没有试图区分膀胱炎和肾盂肾炎。急性膀胱炎分别讨论了年长的孩子。(见“急性膀胱炎两岁以上儿童和青少年”.)儿童的长期管理和预防尿路感染会在这里了。的流行病学、危险因素、临床特征、诊断、急性管理和预后的UTI在儿童和UTI新生儿分别进行了讨论。(见“儿童尿路感染:流行病学和风险因素”和“尿路感染婴儿和儿童的年龄超过一个月:临床特点和诊断”和“尿路感染婴儿和儿童的年龄超过一个月:急性管理、成像、和预后”和“新生儿尿路感染”.)长期管理复发的症状-Approximately8-30%的儿童尿路感染(UTI)经验的一个或多个症状reinfections[2-5]。突破尿路感染是最常见的女孩6]的肾瘢痕相关进展肾盂肾炎的复发性(7-10]。因此,及时诊断和治疗这些感染是至关重要的减少肾瘢痕2、11、12].年轻的孩子的家庭与联华信托合作应该接受指令对复发性尿路感染的风险,建议立即就医发烧和/或尿路症状。这些事件的评估应该包括尿液、尿液文化,或两者兼而有之(1、13]。(见“尿路感染婴儿和儿童的年龄超过一个月:临床特点和诊断”、“实验室评价”部分.)原文（英文）在幻灯片下方的备注中*..Urinarytractinfectionsinchildren:Long-termmanagementandpreventionINTRODUCTIONUrinarytractinfection(UTI)isafrequentlyoccurringclinicalprobleminchildhood.Upperurinarytractinfections(ie,acutepyelonephritis)mayleadtorenalscarring,hypertension,andend-stagerenaldysfunction.Althoughchildrenwithpyelonephritistendtopresentwithfever,itisoftendifficultonclinicalgroundstodistinguishcystitisfrompyelonephritis,particularlyinyoungchildren(aged<2years)[1].Thus,wehavedefinedUTIbroadlyherewithoutattemptingtodistinguishcystitisfrompyelonephritis.Acutecystitisinolderchildrenisdiscussedseparately.(See"Acutecystitisinchildrenolderthantwoyearsandadolescents".)Thelong-termmanagementandpreventionofUTIinchildrenwillbereviewedhere.Theepidemiology,riskfactors,clinicalfeatures,diagnosis,acutemanagement,andprognosisofUTIinchildrenandUTIinnewbornsarediscussedseparately.(See"Urinarytractinfectionsinchildren:Epidemiologyandriskfactors"and"Urinarytractinfectionsininfan
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