新编实用英语2Unit 7

PARTIBeingAllEarsPARTIITalkingFacetoFacePARTIIIMaintainingaSharpEyePARTIVTryingYourHandWeatherandEnvironmentPARTISightseeingandTouringBeingAllEarsWordstoKnowShortConversationsSituationalDialoguesPassageListeningWordstoKnow 1.peakn.山顶 2.fastenv.系牢 3.clientn.顾客 4.hulan.草裙舞 5.relaxationn.放松；休闲 6.incrediblea.难以置信的 7.sunbathingn.日光浴 8.documentaryn.纪录片 9.fortnightn.两周WordstoKnow 10.Bangkokn.(泰国首都)曼谷 11.Singaporen.新加坡 12.KualaLumpurn.吉隆坡 13.Hawaiin.夏威夷 14.Honolulun.檀香山 15.Waikikin.怀基基(夏威夷旅游胜地) 16.PearlHarborn.珍珠港(美国海军基地，第二次世界大战时曾受日军轰炸) 17.HanaumaBayn.哈诺马湾(夏威夷旅游胜地) 18.Spainn.西班牙ShortConversationsDirections:Listentothedialoguesandfillintheblankswiththewordsyouhaveheard. A：Wouldyouandtakearestnow?B：Oh，let’sgoforit.We’venearlymadeit. A：Whenwillyoubeleavingfor?B：I’mnotsureifIwillbeabletogonowbecauselanewjob. A：Whenarewegetthere?B.Inatleast.Haveyoufastenedyourseatbelt? A：Wherehaveyoubeenallthistime?Thetrainis.B：I’msorryIamlate，butIwaswaitingforyouattheupstairs. A：Whattimedidyouhome?B：Myplanegotinalittleaftersix，butIdidn’tgethomeuntil.SituationalDialoguesDialogue1 Directions：YouwillhearadialoguebetweenMs.Wang，asecretaryofatravelagency，andMr.Chen，whovisitstogetsomeinformationaboutaholiday. 1.Whataretheytalkingabout? A.Shopping.B.Hotels. C.Visitingpeople.D.Traveling. 2.Howmanycitiesdoesthewomanmention? A.Three.B.Four.C.Five.D.Six. 3.Itseemsthemanhasinterestinaholidayto. A.SingaporeB.Shanghai. C.HongKongD.BangkokDialogue1 4.Themanwillprobablybookaholidayfor. A.theNewYearB.theMid-AutumnFestival C.theNationalDayD.theLaborDay 5.Thewomanadvisesthemantobookaholidaybeforethetrip. A.fivedaysB.aboutaweek C.abouttwoweeksD.amonthDialogue2Directions：YouwillhearadialoguebetweenJohn，auniversitystudent，andhisfriendEddie，whohasjustcomebackfromatriptoHawaii. 1.Honoluluis. A.thebiggestislandinHawaiiB.thecapitalcityofHawaii C.thenameofafamousbeachD.agreatshoppingcenter 2.EddiementionsHanumans.Baywhenheistalkingabout. A.swimmingB.sunbathingC.snorkelingD.shopping 3.ItcoststovisitPearlHarbor. A.alotB.verylittle C.afewdollarsD.nothingDialogue2 4.“Hula”isthenameof. A.abusystreetB.ahotel C.adanceD.thecapitalcity 5.Peoplesay“Aloha”tomean. A.helloB.goodbye C.goodluckD.welcomePassageListening1.Directions:Listentothepassageandfillinblankswiththeexactwordsyouhaveheard.AstheplanetookofffromGatwick，Mr.andMrs.Malloysettledbackwithasighof.Theyhadthoughtthey’dneverbetogetawayon，thisholiday，theirfirstholidayalone，withoutthefamily,sincetheir.TheyhadtoarrangeforMrs.Malloy’smothertolookafterFreddieandGeorge，theirchildren，whileahadkindlyagreedtolookafterAnnabelle，theircat，fortheoftheirholiday.PassageListeningThenthey’dbeenfortheproblemofbothtotaketheirannualleavefromwork，allthebotherofgettingpassportsandfinallythelastminuterushtopack，getthechildrenofftotheirgrandmotherandmakesuretheneighborhadinstructionsastowhatAnnabellelikedtoeat.Sometimesthey’dwonderedwhetheritwasall.ButtheretheywereatlastonaplaneheadingforthepleasuresofaholidayresortinSpain.2.Directions:Listentothepassageagainandanswerthefollowingquestionsinbrief.(1)HowmanychildrendoMr.andMrs.Malloyhave? __________________________________________(2)WhoisgoingtotakecareofthechildrenwhenMr.andMrs.Malloyareaway?__________________________________________(3)Howistheirneighborgoingtohelpthem? __________________________________________(4)Isiteasytoplanforaholiday? __________________________________________(5)Whatisuniqueaboutthisholiday?__________________________________________PARTIITalkingFacetoFaceSightseeingandTouringFollowthesamplesUsefulSentencesandExpressionsSample1LilyisplanningtogototheU.S.foravisit，sosheasksherAmericanfriendLarryforadvice. Larry：Ihearyouareplanningtotravelabroad. Lily：Yes.I’mgoingtotheU.S.fortourism.Whatplacesdoyourecommend? Larry：Inmyopinion，thereareseveralplacesyoumustn’tmiss，likeWashingtonD.C.，LasVegas，NewYorkandLosAngeles. Lily：SomeonesuggestsmetogotoSeattleandHawaii. Larry：Yes，youmayalsoconsiderthosetwoplaces.Seattle，forexample，isworthvisitingandthere’saveryfamousmuseumcalledMuseumofFlight. Lily：AndSeattleisthehomeofMicrosoftandBoeing.Thatmustbeagreatplace.Ican’tmissit.FollowthesamplesSample2JohnisvisitingNewYorkCity，whereasatourbusisagoodchoiceforcitysightseeing. John:Hello，isthisthetourbusofcitysightseeing? Marcia：Yes，comeonplease. John：Excuseme.CanItakethisseat? Marcia：Sure，youcan.Welcometothissightseeingtour,firstletsgotoChinatown.NewYorkChinatownisthesecondlargestoneintheU.S.. John：IsSanFranciscoChinatownthelargest? Marcia：Yes，andnowwearepassingthecampusofColumbiaUniversity.Thisisoneofthetoptenuniversitiesinthiscountry. John：IstheformerVicePresidentGoreteachinghere? Marcia：That’sright.Look，doyouknowthattallbuilding? John：ItmustbetheUnitedNationsBuilding.WeoftenseeitonTV. Marcia：Quiteright.Sample3JoshiiscomingtoChinaforvisitandGuangzhouisoneofhisdestinations.MissChenisintroducingsomethingGuangzhoutohim. Joshi:Wherearewegoingtomorrow，MissChen? Chen：Whatkindofplaceswouldyouliketovisit，historicalsites，naturallandscapesornewplacesofcity? Joshi：Iprefersomehistoricalsites，suchasveryancientremains. Chen：HowaboutitvisitingWesternHanNanyueKingTombMuseum? Joshi：So，wecanseesomethingoldenough. Chen：Yes，somethingof2，000yearsago.It’saboutakingdomestablishedbyZhaoTuoduringWesternHanDynasty. Joshi:That’scool.Howcanwegetthere? Chen：It’sverynearfromhere.Wecanwalkthereinabouttwentyminutes.Afterwefinishvisitingthere，we’llgotoGuangxiaoTemple. Joshi：What’sthat? Chen：It’sareligiousbuildingforBuddhism.It’soneoftheoldestsightsinGuangzhou.Locallegendhasitthatitexistedevenbeforethecitywasestablished. Joshi：Soundsveryinterestinganditmustbeworthavisit.UsefulSentencesandExpressions*It’sapeakseasonfortourismnow.*Howlongareyougoingtostaythere?*WhatshouldIprepareforthetour?*Youhavetotakeyourtraveler’schecksandsomeforeigncurrency.*Howlongdoyouintendtotravel/Howlongwillyourtripbe?*Howmuchwillthetripcost?*Whereareyougoingduringthelongholiday?*It’swonderfulindeedifyougowithme.UsefulSentencesandExpressions*It’scheaptotravelabroadnow.*Willyougoinagroup?*I’mreadytosignupforthemid-Julygroup.*Whatdoyouthinkaboutthatplace?*Couldyoutellmesomethingaboutthepark?*Whatdidtheysaytheweatherwaslikethere?*Howmanypiecesofluggagedoyouhavealtogether?*Wehavemadereservationsforyouatthehotel.PARTIIIMaintainingaSharpEyeEnvironmentProtectionThroughouttheWorldTextADetailedStudyoftheText(A)DetailedStudyoftheText(A)1.Signsofchangehavesprungupinvariouspocketsaroundtheworld.变化的前兆在全球范围内突然出现。◆springup是突然出现，迅速兴起的意思Playareasforchildrenarespringingupallovertheplace.儿童游乐场所如雨后春笋般地在这个地方四处出现。2.Inresponse,Canadahasclosedtheareatocodfishingandsetstrictlimitsoncatchesofotherspecies.作为回应，加拿大关闭了鳕鱼捕捞场所，并且对其他物种的捕捞设定了严格的限制。◆inresponse是作为回应的意思Theproductwasdevelopedinresponsetocustomerdemand.为了满足顾客需要，开发了这种产品。◆setlimitson是对……做限制的意思TheEUhassetstrictlimitsonlevelsofpollution.欧盟对污染程度做了严格的限制。DetailedStudyofTextADetailedStudyoftheText(A)3.Asaresult,theaveragenumberofbirthshasbeencutfrom5.6childrenperwomanto3.结果，平均出生率从每位妇女5.6个儿童降到了3个。◆asaresult是结果，所以的意思Hemadeonebigmistake,and,asaresult,losthisjob.他犯了个大错，结果丢了工作。DetailedStudyofTextAPARTIIIMaintainingaSharpEyeWhatMakestheWeather?TextBDetailedStudyoftheText(B)DetailedStudyoftheText(A)1.Whentheairneartheearth’ssurfacehasbeenwarmed,itrisesandisreplacedbycoolerairwhichcomesdowntotakeitsplace.当靠近地球表面的空气被加热，它上升，并且被凉的空气。◆bereplacedby是被……代替的意思Teacherswillneverbereplacedbycomputersintheclassroom.课堂上电脑永远不会取代老师。◆takeplace是代替的意思Shecouldn’tattendthemeetingsoherassistanttookherplace.她不能参加会议，所以她的助手代她出席。2.Cloudsalsopreventtheearthfromcoolingoffrapidlyatnight.云还会防止地球在晚上太快的降温。◆preventsth.fromdoingsth.是防止某人/某物做某事Nothingwouldpreventhimfromspeakingoutagainstinjustice.什么也挡不住他鸣不平。DetailedStudyofTextBDetailedStudyoftheText(A)3.Ontheotherhand,placessuchasdeserts…另一方面，诸如沙漠一样的地方……◆ontheonehand…ontheotherhand…是一方面，另一方面的意思Ontheonhandthey’dlovetohavekids,butontheotherhand,theydon’twanttogiveuptheirfreedom.一方面，他们想要孩子，但另一方面，他们又不想放弃自由自在的生活。DetailedStudyofTextBPARTIIIMaintainingaSharpEyeTheELNinoPhenomenonTextCDetailedStudyoftheText(C)DetailedStudyoftheText(A)厄尔尼诺现象又称厄尔尼诺海流，是太平洋赤道带大范围内海洋和大气相互作用后失去平衡而产生的一种气候现象。正常情况下，热带太平洋区域的季风洋流是从美洲走向亚洲，使太平洋表面保持温暖，给印尼周围带来热带降雨。但这种模式每2—7年被打乱一次，使风向和洋流发生逆转，太平洋表层的热流就转而向东走向美洲，随之便带走了热带降雨，出现所谓的“厄尔尼诺现象”。“厄尔尼诺”一词来源于西班牙语，原意为“圣婴”。19世纪初，在南美洲的厄瓜多尔、秘鲁等西班牙语系的国家，渔民们发现，每隔几年，从10月至第二年的3月便会出现一股沿海岸南移的暖流，使表层海水温度明显升高。南美洲的太平洋东岸本来盛行的是秘鲁寒流，随着寒流移动的鱼群使秘鲁渔场成为世界三大渔场之一，但这股暖流一出现，性喜冷水的鱼类就会大量死亡，使渔民们遭受灭顶之灾。由于这种现象最严重时往往在圣诞节前后，于是遭受天灾而又无可奈何的渔民将其称为上帝之子－－圣婴。后来，在科学上此词语用于表示在秘鲁和厄瓜多尔附近几千公里的东太平洋海面温度的异常增暖现象。当这种现象发生时，大范围的海水温度可比常年高出3－6摄氏度。太平洋广大水域的水温升高，改变了传统的赤道洋流和东南信风，导致全球性的气候反常。DetailedStudyofTextCPARTⅣTryingYourHandAppliedWritingGrammar AnE-mailtoaTravelAgent Nowadaysmoreandmorepeoplewouldliketogoonatriponholiday，andifwehavedecidedonthedestination，mostofusmaycontactatravelagenttoenquireaboutthesampleroutes，schedule，costandsoon．E-mailisconvenientforustorealizethisgoalbecauseitischeaperandfaster．Generally，youneedtodothefollowingwhenwritinganE-mail： Decideonyourdestination． Decidehowmanydaysyoucansetasidefortraveling． Identifyatravelagentwithgoodreputation． Enquireaboutthebestsampleroute． Discussthecostofyourtrip． Findouttheclauses(条款)ofthetripcontract． ReadthefollowingE-mailwrittenbyKendalltoatravelagentforhisplannedtripforafive-dayholiday．AppliedWriting Sample Sir， Iheardthatyou’reofferingaspecialpackageholidaywhichincludestwodaysinQingdaoandthreedaysinDalian．Itsoundslovelyinthebrochure(资料手册)．NextweekmywifeandIwillhavefivedaysoffworkfromMay1stto5th，andwe’relookingforwardtoawonderfulholidaythere．Soweareeagertoknowwhichisthebestsamplerouteandhowmuchwemayspend．Inaddition，willyoupleaseofferusadetailedschedule? Thanksalot! KendallAppliedWriting现在完成时(PresentPerfectTense) 一、现在完成时的构成与形式 第三人称单数用has+过去分词，其他所有人称用have+过去分词。 过去分词有两类：一类是规则动词的过去分词，另一类是不规则动词的过去分词。规则动词的变化请参见一般过去时，不规则动词的变化有其特定的形式，只能一一记忆。 二、现在完成时的肯定式、否定式、疑问式的构成 现在完成时的肯定式、否定式、疑问式的构成主要是通过助动词来变化。Grammar现在完成时(PresentPerfectTense) 三、现在完成时的用法 1.表示动作刚刚完成，通常不用时间状语。如果用，往往跟表示某些时间的状语连用，如already，yet，lately，often，rarely，ever，nor，just，today等。例如： (1)Ihavefinishedthatwork.我已经做完那项工作了。 (2)Hehasalreadyreturnedthatbook.他已还回那本书。 (3)Theyhavenotcompletedthatexperimentyet.他们还未完成那个实验。 2.表示过去做的动作对现在仍有影响。例如： (1)Whohasopenedthedoor?谁把门打开了? (2)Mywatchhasstopped.我的手表停了。 3.表示过去某时刻开始的动作一直延续到现在，并可能会延续下去(这时常与for，since引导的短语或since引导的从句连用)。例如： (1)IhavestudiedEnglishforthreeyears／since2007.我学习了3年的英语。／我从2007年开始学习英语。 (2)Hehasworkedinthecompanysincehecametothecity.自从他来到这个城市，他就在这个公司工作。 (3)Sofarshehaswrittenfivebooks.到目前为止，她已经写完5本书了。Grammar现在完成时(PresentPerfectTense) 四、现在完成时的注意事项 1.现在完成时的“已完成”用法通常不与瞬间即逝的动词连用，不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。例如： (1)Hehascomebackforthreeweeks.(错) (2)Hecamebackthreeweeksago.(正确) (3)Ihavejoinedthearmyfortenyears.(错) (4)Ihavebeeninthearmyfortenyears.(正确) 2.在由in(for，over，during)thepast(last，recent)few(two，three，several)days(weeks，months，years)以及sofar，uptothepresent，uptonow，bynow等构成的表示时间状语的结构中，也常用现在完成时表示动作的持续。例如： (1)Wehaveachievedgreatsuccessinthepastfewyears(overthepasttenyears).在过去几年(10年)中我们取得了极大的成功。 (2)Uptonow，Ihavelearnedthreethousandnewwords.到现在为止，我已学会了3000新单词。 (3)Perhapsshehasmadeseveralfriendsbynow.到现在，她很可能已交了几个朋友了。Grammar现在完成时(PresentPerfectTense) 3.have(has)beento与have(has)goneto的用法比较：两者都表示“去某地”，但have(has)beento的意思是“到过某地(现在此人已返回)”，侧重经历；而have(has)goneto的意思是“已经去了某地(现在此人已经到了那里或正在途中)”，侧重此人已不在此地。例如： (1)HehasbeentoDalian(manytimes).他去过大连(好多次)。 (2)HehasgonetoDalian.他已去大连了。 4.在“Thisis(Itis)thefirst(second，....)timethat...”句型中，that从句要用现在完成时。在“Itis(hasbeen)...since...”结构中，主句经常要用完成时，也可用一般现在时，但since引导的从句要用一般过去时。例如： (1)ThisisthethirdtimethatIhavevisitedtheGreatWall.这已是我第三次来长城了。 (2)Ithasbeen(is)about2yearssinceIcametoNankaiUniversity.自从我来到南开大学已有近两年了。 (3)Ithasbeen(is)alongtimesinceIlastcametothetown.自从我上次到城里来已有很长时间了。Grammar现在完成时(PresentPerfectTense) 5.现在完成时中较少使用由where和when引导的疑问句。因为这两种疑问句的询问者关心的是过去所发生的事情的地点或事情发生的具体时间。例如： (1)—Whenandwheredidyoubuythiscomputer?你是何时何地买的这台计算机? —IboughtitlastSundayatthesupermarket.我上个星期天在超市买的。 (2)—Wherewereyoujustnow?你刚才去哪了? —Ilookedforyoueverywhere.我在到处找你。 但如果强调这一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，也可用于现在完成时。例如： (3)—Wherehaveyoubeenjustnow?你刚才去哪了? —Wehavebeenlookingforyouallthetime.我们在到处找你。 —Ihavebeentothelibrary.我去图书馆了。Grammar