美国历史简介

nullwelcomewelcome History of the United States IntroductionIntroductionThe Discovery of America The War of Independence The American Civil War Westward Expansion 911 Attack in 2001 War in Afghanistan and Iraq Introduction to American CultureThe Discovery of America The Discovery of America Columbus In 1492, Columbus landed at one of the Caribbean islands. Columbus called the local people Indians. Introduction to American CultureAmerigo Vespucci 阿美利哥韦斯普奇（意大利航海家，商人，美洲新大陆以其命名为 America） Amerigo Vespucci 阿美利哥韦斯普奇（意大利航海家，商人，美洲新大陆以其命名为 America） He first confirmed the fact that a new continent had been discovered. The New World was named America to honor Amerigo Vespucci. Introduction to American CultureThe First Permanent English Colony The First Permanent English Colony In 1607 Three ships crossed the Atlantic Ocean and landed by the side of a river--the James River. The first English colony was founded at Jamestown, Virginia. Introduction to American CultureThe Founding of the Thirteen ColoniesThe Founding of the Thirteen ColoniesDuring the first 150 years, the British colonies in North America became a “melting pot”. By the early 1760s, English settlers had established 13 colonies along the Atlantic coast. Introduction to American CultureThe Birth of the United States The Birth of the United States The Conflict between Britain and the American Colonists The War of Independence Introduction to American CultureThe Conflict between Britain and the American ColonistsThe Conflict between Britain and the American ColonistsBackground The British government started imposing new taxes on sugar, coffee and textiles(纺织业) . They passed many laws such as the Quartering Act and the Stamp Act(印花税法 ). Introduction to American CultureBoston Tea Party 波士顿倾茶事件 Boston Tea Party 波士顿倾茶事件 Background In 1773, British government passed a new law---the Tea Act. Slogan “No taxation without representation” Time December 16, 1773 Event A group of Americans threw 342 boxes of tea into Boston Harbour(波士顿港）. Introduction to American CultureThe War of IndependenceThe War of IndependenceTime On October 19, 1781 Result The British soldiers were forced to surrender. Consequences George Washington became the first President. The 4th of July became the national holiday of America--- the Independence Day. Introduction to American CultureThe Declaration of Independence The Declaration of Independence On July 4, 1776 the Second Continental Congress officially declared independence and formed the United States of America by adopting the Declaration of Independence, written by Thomas Jefferson（托马斯·杰斐逊）of Virginia. (July 4 is celebrated as the nation's birthday.) Westward Expansion – “Manifest Destiny” 西进运动 Westward Expansion – “Manifest Destiny” 西进运动 1. The hardship of early pioneer settlers – Oregon Trail (俄勒冈小道) The trip on foot took four to six months. California Gold Rush加州淘金者 California Gold Rush加州淘金者 People traveled to California in the search for quick riches. The number of westward migrants multiplied. The American Civil War南北战争The American Civil War南北战争Northern vs. Southern Abraham Lincoln Introduction to American CultureNorthern vs. SouthernNorthern vs. SouthernThree significant conflicts between the North and South of America. The slave problem Different economic interests The political conflict Major issue Slavery Introduction to American CultureAbraham Lincoln Abraham Lincoln March 1861 -- took the office of the president. April 12, 1861--the Civil War began. September 22, 1862-- issued the Emancipation Proclamation which granted freedom to about 4 million slaves. Made a famous speech in Gettysburg. Introduction to American CultureThe Civil WarThe Civil Waron April 9, 1865 The Civil War officially ended with the unconditional surrender of the South. Consequence It resolved two fundamental issues: Slavery was completely abolished; America became a single and stronger nation. Introduction to American CulturenullFranklin Roosevelt and the New Deal Franklin Roosevelt and the New Deal ① Hoover’s response to the depression ② President and Mrs. Roosevelt “First of all, let me assert my firm belief that the only thing we have to fear is fear itself－nameless, unreasoning, unjustified terror which paralyzes needed efforts to convert retreat into advance.” null③ FDR and the Early Phases of the New Deal To bring immediate relief to those who were suffering Public Works Administration Civil Works Administration To bring the economy back to prosperity Agricultural Adjustment Administration Tennessee Valley Authority To put safeguards in place so that the same situation would not occur again Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Securities and Exchange Commission ④ The Second New Deal ⑤ The New Deal did not pull the nation out of the Great Depression However, it did substantially improve the lives of millions of people for both the short term and the long term. The programs of the New Deal would help stabilize the country and bring hope to millions. US in the Second World WarsUS in the Second World WarsAfter World War II Became the strongest power in the world Introduction to American Culture World War II World War IIIsolationism and Neutrality First they came for the communists, and I didn't speak out because I wasn't a communist. Then they came for the trade unionists, and I didn't speak out because I wasn't a trade unionist. Then they came for the Jews, and I didn't speak out because I wasn't a Jew. Then they came for me and there was no one left to speak out for me. Immediate Cause of America’s entrance into WWII --- the Japanese raid on the US Naval Base at Pearl Harbor in Hawaii on December 7, 1941 nullnullnullnull9-11 Attack in 2001At the beginning of new millennium , the United States found itself attacked by Islamic terrorism , with the September 11, 2001 attacks in which 19 extremists hijacked four transcontinental airliners and intentionally crashed two of them into the twin towers of the World Trade Center and one into the Pentagon.nullnullnullnullnullWar in Afghanistan and Iraqnull THANK YOU