会计术语

Accounting Terms Economic activities Financial statement notes Cash flow prospects Interim financial statement General purpose information Control account Financial accounting(external user) Subsidiary ledgers Management accounting(internal user) Perpetual inventory system Internal control Taking a physical inventory IFRS/ GAAP/FASB/SEC Inventory shrinkage Understandability Periodical inventory system Relevance Cost of goods sold Reliability Special journal Comparability Gross profit margins Business entity principle Marketable securities Cost principle Net realizable value Objectivity principle Cash equivalent Going-concern assumption Lines of credit Stable-dollar assumption Bank reconciliation Working capital NSF (not sufficient funds) Sole proprietorship Petty cash Partnership Gain/loss Window dressing Market-to-market Inflation/deflation Unrealized holding gain/loss on investment Creditor/investor Net realizable value Accounting cycle Allowance for doubtful debts Accounting period Write-off Time period principle Maturity date/value Realization principle(revenue should be recognized at the time goods are sold or services are rendered) Note defaults Matching principle Accounts receivable turnover rate Objective FIFO/LIFO Conservatism Write down Accrual basis of accounting Impairment loss Double-entry accounting LCM(lower-of-cost-or-market) Fiscal year F.O.B(free on board) shipping point/destination Contra-asset account Inventory/receivables turnover Accumulated depreciation Plant assets Book value Tangible/intangible assets Materiality/ immaterial Nature resources Adequate disclosure Depreciation/amortization/depletion Conflict of interest Capital/revenue expenditures Return on equity Capitalized/expense Working capital Residual/salvage value Current/Quick ratio Gain/loss in disposal of assets Goodwill Lesser/lessee Present/future value Operation/capital leases Trademarks/franchises/copyrights Off-balance sheet financing R&D(research and development) cost Deferred income taxes Collateral Loss contingencies Principal amount Common/preferred stock Accrued liabilities Book value per share Payroll taxes Dividend yield Underwriter Stock split Convertible/junk bond Treasury stock Interest coverage ratio Board of directors leverage Accounting Cycle: Journal entries (with explanation)post to ledger accounttrial balanceadjusting entries adjusted trial balanceFS Closing entriesafter-closing trial balance Meaning, advantage/disadvantage and difference between: (1)​ Financial/management accounting (2)​ Accrual basis/ cash basis of accounting (3)​ Perpetual/Periodical inventory system (4)​ FIFO/LIFO/Average cost (5)​ Operation/capital leases Calculation (1)​ Straight-line(fixed percentage of balance) depreciation method; Accelerated (declining-balance) depreciation method; Double-declining-balance; units-of-output method; sum-of-the-years (2)​ Profitability ratios(ROE/ROA; gross/profit margin; EPS/PE; dividend yield) Liquidity ratios (current/quick ratio, receivable turnover; average collection period) Financial stability (DE/DA/leverage ratio, asset turnover (3)​ Inventory methods, COGS, net profit...