初中英语语法——宾语从句精品课

null宾语从句宾语从句The Object ClausenullThe object clause 宾语从句 定义：复合句中，放在动词或介词后充当宾语的句子叫宾语从句。 null1.Could you please tell me if David Smith comes? 2.Could you please tell me whether Jane comes or not? 3.Could you please tell me who will bring food? 4.Could you please tell me what we need to buy? 5.Could you please tell me when the party starts? 6.Could you please tell me where the party is? 7.Could you please tell me how we can get there? 8.Could you please tell me which bus we should take? Let’s go to the party together, let’s have a good time. 宾语从句三要素：宾语从句三要素： 一、引导词 二、语序 三 、时态 四、if,when引导宾语从句和状语从句的区别 五、宾语从句的反意疑问句 六、否定转移 宾语从句根据引导词的不同可分为三种类型：宾语从句根据引导词的不同可分为三种类型：一、引导词（看从句）从句是陈述句 (口语中常省略）从句是一般疑问句从句是特殊疑问句　We know （that）we should learn from each other.Please tell me if/whether you have been to America. that if/whether（是否） wh/how(即特殊疑问词)Could you please tell me where the restrooms are?引导词是从句的一个成份，所以用哪个引导 词，看从句成份是否完整，不完整，一定是特殊疑问句。完整，判断主句语气，是疑问语气，用if/whether; 是肯定语气，用that.If/whether（是否）的区别If/whether（是否）的区别一般情况下，if 和whether可以互换，但以下4种情况只能用whether： 　　 ①在不定式前：Whether to go there or not hasn’t been decided. 　　 ②在介词前：It depends on(依靠) whether it is going to rain. 　　 ③与or not连用：They are talking about whether to go there or not. ④做主语从句：Whether he is right isn’t important. 主语null 从句是特殊疑问句, 当主句的主语或宾语与从句主语是一致, 可简化成: 特殊疑问词+to do. Can you tell me how I can get to the nearest post office？Can you tell me how to get to the nearest post office？1.填写合适的引导词1.填写合适的引导词 1 Can you tell me______you were born, Betty? A. who B. what C. when D. that 2 I don't know ___ they have passed the exam. A. what B. if C. when D. where 3 I hardly understand. ___ he has told me. A. that B. what C. which D. who 4 She didn't know___ back soon. A. whether he would be B. if would he be C. he will be 5. I don't know ___ he still lives here after so many years. A. whether B where C. what D. when 6. Do you know _____ they listened to yesterday evening? A. what B when C why D how 7. He asked me _____told me the accident. A whom B which C who D whose 8. He asked his friend _______ to go there or not. A. if B whether C. what D. that CCABBAABnull2：用that, if/whether, how,where,what,….等连接词填空. 1.I hear_____ they will visit our school next week. 2.Do you know_____ the girl is? 3.Could you tell me _____I can get to the park? 4.We thought ______you had never been there before . 5.Please tell me_______ you live. 6.Mother asked me ___________ I had finished my homework.thatwhohowthatwhereif/whethernull7.Do you know_____ she is angry? 8.The teacher asked_____ your name was. 9.Tom is ten.I want to know _________ you are. 10.He asked you_______ you were a student or not.whywhathow oldwhether二、语序 二、语序 　　 　Does he work hard？I wonder.→I wonder if he works hard. 或I wonder whether he works hard.　When did he leave？I don’t know. →I don’t know when he left.陈述句语序 即：连词＋主语＋谓语动词 ①陈述句变为宾语从句，语序不变，即仍用陈述语序。如：He is an honest boy. The teacher said.→The teacher said（that）he was an honest boy.②一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句，语序变为陈述语序。如：What’s the matter?(怎么了?)等,在作宾语从句时,语序不变.如: Could you tell me what’s the matter? 可以告诉我怎么了吗?null3. 下列宾语丛句的语序是否正确。 I think that he will come to China next year. I want to know if he was at home yesterday. Can you tell me where does your mother work? Do you know who can answer the question? Please tell us where is the hospital?√√ your mother works the hospital is√三、时态 三、时态 ①如果主句是现在的时态，从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。如：I have heard（that）he __________(come) back next week.②如果主句是过去的某种时态，那么从句的时态一定要用过去的某种时态。（看主句）如：He said（that）there ______(be) no classes yesterday. 注意：如果宾语从句表述的是客观真理、自然现象等时，不管主句是什么时态，从句都要用一般现在时。如：He said that light travels much faster than sound.We wonder when he _______(start) learning English. He told me he _______(can) swim.werecouldstartedwill comeThe teacher asked him what he ____________(do) at seven.was doingMy friend asked me when I ____________ (leave) for Beijing. would leave或 was leavingHe told me that he _______________(be) to Shanghai.had beenCould you tell me how he ________(go) to school every day?goes4.时态练习4.时态练习1 The girls asked if they ____ some food and drink with them. A. took B. take C. takes D. will take 2 Catherine said that she ___ to Guangzhou. A. has never gone B. had never gone C. has never been D. had never been 3 Could you tell me whether they___ dictation today. A. had B. has . C. will have D. are 4 She asked Linda if___ go and get some. A. could she B. she could C. she can D. she may 5 Linda said the moon___ round the earth. A. traveled B. has traveled C. travels D. had traveledADCBCCould you tell me+宾语从句？表达的是委婉 的语气，是一般现在时。四、if,when引导宾语从句和状语从句的区别 四、if,when引导宾语从句和状语从句的区别 1. 宾语从句: if when 2.状语从句: 条件状语从句 if 时间状语从句 when 是否 什么时候(即特殊疑问词)如果从句时态根据句意而定当……时时态: 主句一般将来时/一般现在时/祈使句/含情态动词, 从句一般现在时. 主句一般过去时,从句一般过去时.主要从汉语意思去区别，重点是时态运用。5.If/when 区别练习:5.If/when 区别练习:1. If it _______(rain) tomorrow，I won’t come. 2. He didn’t tell me if it _________(rain) tomorrow. 3. I don’t know if he __________(come) tomorrow. If he______ (come), I’ll tell you. 4. When it ________ (stop) raining, we’ll go swimming. 5. Could you tell me when the film ____________(start)? I’ll leave for a moment. would rainrainswill comecomesstopswill start如果是否是否如果当…….的时候什么时候其它问题其它问题 did sheI don’t think he is serious,_________?is heI believe he can finish it on time, ____________?can’t he否定的转移： 当主句的谓语动词是think, believe, guess, suppose等词 时，其后面的宾语从句的否定应转移到主句上。如： I don’t think he is right. 我认为他不对。附加疑问句（反意疑问句）：1. 一般根据主句的谓语动词判断： 如：She didn’t say that he would come here, ________? 2.当主句主语为I（我），主句动词为suppose,believe，think等，则根据从句判断，但肯、否定形式根据主句判断：标点符号的确定： 带有宾语从句的主从复合句的标点符号取决于主句。主句是 陈述句: 。 He asked me where I went just now. 问句： ？ Do you know when he’ll be back?宾语从句六注意：宾语从句六注意：一、引导词 if/whether区别 特殊疑问句的简化：疑问词+to do 二、语序 what is the matter?（怎么了？）语序不变 三 、时态 如宾语从句表客观真理或自然现象 ,仍用一般现在时 Could you tell me…? 四、if,when引导宾语从句和状语从句的区别 五、反意疑问句 一般看主句 Think,believe,suppose,guess等看从句 六、否定转移 在think , believe , suppose,imagine等动词所跟的宾语中，如果从句谓语是否定的，一般要将否定词not转移至主句谓语上去，而将从句谓语改为肯定形式。如： I don’t think he has time to play with girl. 我认为他没时间和女孩玩。 null练习：将下列各句合并成宾语从句。 1.What is his name? I don’t know ____________________ 2.When did you begin to study English? I didn’t know ____________________________ 3.It is important to learn English. The teacher said __________________________ 4.Does he live in that street? Could you tell me________________________ what his name is . when you began to study English.it was important to learn English.if he lives in that street.null Translate the following sentences. 1. 我认为不会下雨． I ____________ that it ____________. 2. 我认为你的答案不对. I _____________your answer ＿＿ right. ３. 我们相信他还没走？ We _____________ that he ____________.宾语从句的否定转移： 如果主句的谓语动词是 think, believe, guess , suppose 等，而且主句的主语又是第一人称时，它后面接的宾语从句的否定词通常要前移到主句中，即否定主语中的动词． don’t think will raindon’t thinkisdon’t believe has gonenull6.我不知道飞机为什么晚点了. I did n’t know_____the plane_____ ______. 7.他问我会议什么时候开始. He asked me _____the meeting _____ ______. 8.没人知道他是什么时候出生的. No one knows _____he _____ ______. 9.老师告诉学生们太阳比月亮大 The teacher told his students the sun ___ _______than the moon. 10.我不能肯定他来还是不来. I’m not sure _______ he ____ ____ or not. whywas latewhenwould beginwhenwas bornis biggerwhetherwill comenullThanks