初中英语语法_一般时态

nullnull一一般现在时null一般现在时： 表示现在的状态、经常的或习惯性的动作、客观真理或事实等。与一般现在时连用的时间状语：often, always, sometimes, usually, every day/ week/year 等．   一般现在时的构成： 肯定句： 主语＋is/am/are＋其它成分. He is an office worker. 主语(除第三人称单数)＋动词原形＋其它成分. I get up at six every day . 主语(第三人称单数)＋动词s/es ＋其它成分. My father usually goes to work by bus.我(I)用am, 你(you)用are, Is 连着他(he)她(she)它(it), 遇到复数都用are.null否定句： 主语＋am/is/are not＋其它成分. They are not in the library. 主语(除第三人称单数) ＋don’t＋动词原形＋其它成分. I don’t like swimming. 主语(第三人称单数)＋doesn’t＋动词原形＋其它成分. The old man doesn’t like playing cards .  一般疑问句： Am/Is/Are+主语＋其它成分? Is it a tall tree? Do +主语(除第三人称单数) ＋动词原形＋其它成分? Do the Greens often go swimming in summer? Does+主语（第三人称单数）＋动词原形＋其它成分? Does the earth go around the sun ? null特殊疑问句（一般时态）： 疑问词＋is/am/are +主语＋(其它成分)？ What time is it now? 疑问词＋do +主语＋动词原形＋(其它成分)？ When do you usually go to bed? 疑问词＋does+主语（第三人称单数）+动词原形＋（其它成分）？ Where does Jim do his homework on weekdays ?null1、一般动词，在词尾加 s ; 如： work--works, live--lives, play--plays, sing-- sings. eg: She lives in Ningbo. 她住在宁波。 2、以/s/ /z/ 等音素结尾的动词，词尾加 -es ，如词尾为e， 只加-s. 读作 /iz /如： teach------ teaches, wash----- washes. eg: My mother washes the coat.我母亲洗了大衣。 行为动词do一般现在时第三人称单（he,she,it) 的构成规则：null3.以辅音字母加Y 结尾的词，改Y为I 再加ES，读作[Z]Study flystudiesflied 4.以辅音字母+O结尾的词，一般情况是在词尾加ES 读作[Z] go do goesdoes5.特殊情况：have has nullEX2 1.Tom often___( get ) up at six in the morning 2. The earth __( go) around the sun . 3.Mary’s parent __(live ) in Beijing . 4. She ___ (draw) very well. Ex1. 写出下列词的单三形式： look; go; give; fly; have looks; goes; gives; flies; has getsgoeslivesdrawsnullWhere are they? They are in the classroom.nullIs he happy?Yes, he is happy.Is he strong? Yes, he is strong.nullWhat is it? It is a cat.Is she busy? Yes, she is busy. nullAm I sad? No, I am happy.Is it very hot? Yes, it is very hot.nullHe is happy.否定句: 一般疑问句: 肯定回答: 否定回答:He is not (isn’t) happy.Is he happy?Yes, he is.No, he isn’t.nullI am happy.否定句: 一般疑问句: 肯定回答: 否定回答:I am not happy.Are you happy?Yes, I am.No, I am not.疑问句 要求 对教师党员的评价套管和固井爆破片与爆破装置仓库管理基本要求三甲医院都需要复审吗 把BE 提前，第一人称变成第二人称。nullThey are in the classroom.否定句: 一般疑问句: 肯定回答: 否定回答:They are not (aren’t) in the classroom.Are they in the classroom?Yes, they are.No, they aren’t.null动词be一般现在时的构成nullget up water the flowersI get up at 6:35 in the morning.She waters the flowers.nullplay footballwatch TVThey play football in the playground.He watches TV in the sitting-room.null否定句: 一般疑问句: 肯定回答: 否定回答:I get up at 6:35 in the morning.I do not (don’t) get up at 6:35 in the morning.Do you get up at 6:35 in the morning?Yes, I do.No, I don’t.对于实意动词，疑问句要求：当主语是他(he)，她(she)，它(it)时，句子前面加DOES，并把动词恢复原形；当主语是其他人称时，句前加DO ，第一人(I/we) 称换第二人称(you)。nullThey play football in the playground.否定句: 一般疑问句: 肯定回答: 否定回答:They do not (don’t) play football in the playground.No, they don’t.Yes, they do.Do they play football in the playground?nullEx1. 将下列各句从肯定式改为否定式I talk to Peter because I like him.. Kate comes from America. Kate works with Peter I am Chinese, and I am a student. They know each other. I don’t talk to Peter because I don’t like him.Kate doesn’t come from America.Kate doesn’t work with Peter.I am not Chinese, and I am not a studentThey don’t know each other. null1.Her parents live in Shanghai . 否: Her parents____________________ in Shanghai. 疑： _______ her parents_________ in Shanghai?. 2.You study English . 否： You study English . 疑： you study English ? 3. How often Tom football? A.is ,play B. do,play C. does, play D.does,plays don’t liveDo livedoDo Cnull1. Jim usually ________ ( have ) lunch at home. 2. Li Guanhua _______ ( be ) twenty years old. 3. How many students ________ ( be ) there in your class? 4. ---______ she _______ ( study ) hard? ---Yes, she _________. 5. Lucy and lily _____________ ( not speak ) Chinese. 6. My father ______________ ( not do ) morning exercises every day. 7. She always ___________ ( wash ) her clothes on Sundays. 8. ______ your brother ________ ( like ) playing football? No, he ____________.用所给动词一般现在时态填空:null Tom goes to school every day by bike. 1.就Tom 提问 2.就goes to school提问 3.就by bike提问 请做练习。1.Who goes to school every day by bike? 2.What does Tom do every day by bike ? 3.How does Tom go to school every day? null二 一般将来时 一般将来时 表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、 计划 项目进度计划表范例计划下载计划下载计划下载课程教学计划下载 或准备做某事。与它连用的时间状语有：tomorrow, next week/month /year, in a few days等。 表示将来时的常见形式 表示将来时的常见形式 1.will+动词原形 (I /we shall) 2.be going to+动词原形 3.be+to do 表示计划,责任,约定或命令 4. be about to do sth 表示正要做…,马上要做... (不能与表示将来时间的状语连用) 5.be+v-ing 6.一般现在时表将来 nullfly kites tomorrow He will fly kites tomorrow.nullThey will play basketball next Wednesday.play basketball next WednesdaynullHe will fly kites tomorrow.否定句: 一般疑问句: 肯定回答: 否定回答:No, he will not (won’t).Yes, he will.Will he fly kites tomorrow?He will not fly kites tomorrow.null否定句: 一般疑问句: 肯定回答: 否定回答:They will play basketball this afternoon.No, they will not (won’t).Yes, they will.Will they play basketball next Wednesday? They will not (won’t) play basketball next Wednesday.null 1.will与shall＋v 1)表示一个将来的动作或状态，“要…,会…” She will go to the park tomorrow. 2）表示不以人的意志为转移的自然发展的事。 Tom will be 18 next year. Spring will come again. Tomorrow will be Sunday. 3) will+v 有时表示说话是临时决定或打算。 --- My car won’t start. ---Don’t worry, I will come and give it a push. null肯定句 主语+shall/will+动词原形 ＋其它成分. 否定句 主语＋shall/ will +not ＋动词原形＋其它成分.  一般疑问句： Shall /will ＋ 主语＋ 动词原形＋其它成分? 特殊疑问句 疑问词＋shall/will+主语＋动词原形＋其它成分? 如：What will they do next Saturday? 注：shall用于第一人称。 will用于各种人称。 口语中常用will代替shall。 shall not=shan’t will not=won’t  祈使句+ and/or+将来时（will）祈使句+ and/or+将来时（will）努力工作否则你就会失败。 Work hard or you will fail. 努力工作你就会成功。 Work hard and you will succeed. null2、be going to ①表示计划，安排要做的事 ②表示现在的迹象推断未来可能发生某事。 --- What ________________do this evening? --- I am going to do my lessons. 看那些乌云要下雨了. Loot at the dark clouds. It __________rain. is going toare you going tonull3.be to do ①表按计划或安排即将发生的动作 ②表示约定，责任，命令，或注定要发生的动作。 ③官方计划或决定（常见于报纸或广播） He and I are to meet at the railway station tomorrow. You are not to be back late. If not watered, the plants are to die. The president is to speak on TV tonight. 计划，安排责任，命令注定要发生的动作官方计划或决定null 4.be about to do 表示正要做…,马上要做... (不能与表示将来的时间的状语连用) was /were about to do … when… 正要…突然发生… 英语晚会即将开始。 The English Evening Party is about to begin. 我正要出去,这时下起了雨. I was about to go out when it began to rain. null5.be +v-ing go, come, leave, start, arrive, stay, fly, land, take off等动词可用现在进行时表示安排和计划或即将发生的动作。 我们明天动身去青岛. We’re leaving for Qingdao. null6.表示与生日,日历,课时安排或交通时刻表有关的动作(一种规律) ，用一般现在时表示将来时态 常用于转移动词如： begin, come , leave, go, arrive, start, stop, return, open, close… The evening class begins at 19:00. 火车两点出发. The train starts at two. null 注:在时间或条件状语从句中,从句用一般现在时表示将来时:when, as soon as, before, once, if , unless, even if, in case If you come this morning, we will have a meeting. When I graduate, I will go to the countrysidenull1.There___two meetings tomorrow afternoon. A.are going to be B.are going to haveC.is going to be D.will have2.The twins____to the cinema with their parents tonight. A.will go B.would go C.are go D.went3.---When____we have the meeting? ---At 8. A.are B.shall C.would D.will 4.--When___you___for London? --Next week. A.will;leaving B.are;leaving C.shall;leave D.have;leftExercises—What would you do if it _______ tomorrow ? —We have to carry it on, since we’ve got everything ready. A. rain B. rains C. will rain D. is rainingExercisesnull2. —What are you going to do this afternoon? —I am going to the cinema with some friends. The film _____quite early, so we ____ to the bookstore after that. A. finished; are going B. finished; go C. finishes; are going D. finishes; go null3. My younger brother ____be 15 years old next year. A. is going to B. will C. is to D. should null4. — Sorry, I forgot to post the letter for you. — Never mind, _____ post it myself tonight. A. I’m going to B. I prefer to C. I’ll D. I’d rathernull5. —Write to me when you get home. — ____________. A. I must B. I should C. I will D. I can三三 一般过去时一般过去时 1.表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态 2.表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。一般过去时 1.表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态 2.表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。 I got up early yesterday. How was your weekend? It was great. She didn’t play sports last weekend. Did you go to Central Park? Yes, I did. Where did you go on vacation? 结论： 1．常带有表过去的时间状语（见到这些词用一般过去时）. ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, two days ago, last( night, week, month, year,…), in+一个过去的年份, just now, at the age of…, one day, long ago, once upon atime(很久以前) be 的过去时: is---was am—was are---were be 的过去时: is---was am—was are---were①肯定句：主语+过去式+其他 He was at home yesterday. ②否定句：主语+was/were +not+过去式+其他 He wasn’t at home yesterday. ③一般疑问句：was/were+主语+动词原形+其他 Was he at home yesterday? ---yes, he was. ----no, he wasn’t. ④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句 （was/were+主语 +过去式+其他） Where was he yesterday? 行为动词的一般过去式：do--did行为动词的一般过去式：do--did①肯定句：主语+ 动词过去式 +其他 I went to the movie yesterday. ②否定句：主语+didn’t (助动词) + 动词原形+其他 I didn’t go to the movie yesterday. ③疑问句：Did (助动词) +主语+动词原形+其他 Did you go to the movie yesterday? ④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句 (Did+主语 +过去式+其他） Where did he go yesterday? (movie) when did he go to the movie? (yesterday) null构成规则例词1. 一般在动词原形末尾加-ed look looked play played start started 2. 结尾是 e 的动词加 -d live lived hope hoped use used3. 末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读 闭音节词，先双写这个辅音字 母，再加-edstop stopped plan planned trip tripped4. 结尾是“辅音字母+y”的动词， 先变“y”为“i”再加-ed study studied carry carried规则动词过去式的构成null清念 /t/ ,元浊/d/ ; /t/ /d/ 之后念/id/规则动词-ed的读音说明： 1、清念 /t/ ，即 ed 在清辅音后面念 /t/ ,例：finished helped passed cooked 2、元浊 /d/ ,即 ed 在元音，浊辅音后面念 /d/ , 例：borrowed enjoyed called moved 3、/t/ /d/ 之后念 /id/ , 即 ed 在 /t/ /d/ 音后面念 /id/ 例：wanted shouted needed countednull不规则动词表Infinitive Past tense am is was are were begin begun break broke bring brought build built buy bought can couldInfinitive Past tense catch caught come came do did draw drew drink drank drive drove eat ate fall fellnull动词过去式转换练习 将下列动词变为过去式返回上页订正答案1. look 2. live 3. stop 4. carry 5. hope 6. trip 7. call 8. finish 9. want 10.are 11. go 12.have 13.do 14.get 15.come 16.say 17.see 18.put 19.eat 20.take 21.readnull返回上页返回首页返回练习动词过去式转换练习 答 案1. look looked 2. live lived 3. stop stopped 4. carry carried 5. hope hoped 6. trip tripped 7. call called 8. finish finished 9. want wanted 10.are were 11.go went 12.have had 13.do did 14.get got 15.come came 16.say said 17.see saw 18.put put 19.eat ate 20.take took 21.read readnull一般过去时态练习 用动词的过去式填空1.____ you ____(remember) to buy the oranges? 2.Who ______(invent) the computer. 3.We _____(go) to the cinema last night. The film ______(be) very good. 4.What time _____ you ______(get) to school this morning? 5.Jim _____ (do) a lot yesterday. He ______(go) shopping and ______ (cook) supper.返回练习订正答案null用动词的过去式填空Did you remembered (remember) to buy 　the oranges? 2.Who invented (invent) the computer. 3.We went (go) to the cinema last night. The film was (be) very good. 4.What time did you got (get) to school this morning? 5.Jim did (do) a lot yesterday. He went (go) shopping and cooked (cook) supper.返回首页返回上页返回练习null1. He usually gets up early in the morning. But______________________late today. 2. She usually works from 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. But yesterday __________________________ 3. _____________________ on Sundays. They went to the park last Monday. 4. _____________________at breakfast. But yesterday he didn’t read the newspaper.一般过去时态练习 把下列句子改成相应时态 订正答案返回练习null1. He usually gets up early in the morning. But he got up late today. 2. She usually works from 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. But yesterday she worked from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m. 3. They often go to the park on Sundays. They went to the park last Monday. 4. He reads the newspaper at breakfast. But yesterday he didn’t read the newspaper.一般过去时态练习 把下列句子改成相应时态 返回首页返回练习返回上页nullPRACTISE改写句子： 1、Lucy did her homework at home.（改否定句） Lucy _______ _______ her homework at home. 2、He found some meat in the fridge.（变一般疑问句) ______ he _____ ______ meat in the fridge? 3、She stayed there for a week.（对划线部分提问） ______ ______ _____ she _____ there? 4、There was some orange in the cup.（变一般疑问句) _____ there _____ orange in the cup? didn’t do Did find any How long did stay Was anyThat’s great√