NOT MEASUREMENT
SENSITIVE
MIL-DTL-5541F
11 July 2006
SUPERSEDING
MIL-C-5541E
30 November 1990
DETAIL SPECIFICATION
CHEMICAL CONVERSION COATINGS
ON ALUMINUM AND ALUMINUM ALLOYS
This specification is approved for use by all Departments and Agencies of the Department
of Defense.
1. SCOPE
1.1 Scope. This specification covers chemical conversion coatings formed by the reaction
of chemical conversion materials with the surfaces of aluminum and aluminum alloys.
1.2 Classification. The chemical conversion coatings are of the following types and
classes.
1.2.1 Types. The chemical conversion coatings are of the following types (see 3.1):
Type I – Compositions containing hexavalent chromium.
Type II – Compositions containing no hexavalent chromium.
1.2.2 Classes. The materials, which form protective coatings by chemical reaction with
aluminum and aluminum alloys, are of the following classes (see 6.1 and 6.4).
Class 1A - For maximum protection against corrosion, painted or unpainted.
Class 3 - For protection against corrosion where low electrical resistance is required.
Comments, suggestions, or questions on this document should be addressed to: Commander,
Naval Air Warfare Center Aircraft Division, Code 491000B120-3, Highway 547, Lakehurst,
NJ 08733-5100 or emailed to thomas.omara@navy.mil. Since contact information can
change, you may want to verify the currency of this address information using the ASSIST
Online database at http://assist.daps.dla.mil.
AMSC N/A AREA MFFP
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MIL-DTL-5541F
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2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS
2.1 General. The documents listed in this section are specified in sections 3 or 4 of this
specification. This section does not include documents cited in other sections of this
specification or recommended for additional information or as examples. While every effort has
been made to ensure the completeness of this list, document users are cautioned that they must
meet all specified requirements of documents cited in sections 3 or 4 of this specification,
whether or not they are listed.
2.2 Government documents.
2.2.1 Specifications and standards. The following specifications and standards form a part
of this document to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise specified, the issues of these
documents are those cited in the solicitation or contract.
FEDERAL STANDARDS
FED-STD-141 - Paint, Varnish, Lacquer and Related Materials: Methods of
Inspection, Sampling and Testing
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE SPECIFICATIONS
MIL-PRF-23377 - Primer Coatings: Epoxy, High-Solids
MIL-DTL-81706 - Chemical Conversion Materials for Coating Aluminum and
Aluminum Alloys
MIL-PRF-85582 - Primer Coatings: Epoxy, Waterborne
(Copies of these documents are available online at http://assist.daps.dla.mil/quicksearch or
http://assist.daps.dla.mil or from the Standardization Document Order Desk, 700 Robbins
Avenue, Building 4D, Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094.)
2.3 Non-Government publications. The following documents form a part of this document
to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise specified, the issues of these documents are
those cited in the solicitation or contract.
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS (ASTM) INTERNATIONAL
ASTM-B117 - Salt Spray (Fog) Apparatus, Operating. (DoD adopted)
ASTM-D3359 - Adhesion By Tape Test, Measuring. (DoD adopted)
(Copies of these documents are available from ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor
Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959 or http://www.astm.org.).
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MIL-DTL-5541F
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AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR QUALITY (ASQ)
ASQ-Z1.4 - Procedures, Sampling and Tables for Inspection
by Attributes
(Copies of this document are available from American Society for Quality, 600 North
Plankinton Ave., Milwaukee, WI 53203 or http://www.asq.org.)
SOCIETY OF AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERS (SAE) INTERNATIONAL
SAE-AMS4027 - Aluminum Alloy, Sheet and Plate, 1.0Mg-0.60Si-0.28Cu-
0.20Cr, (6061; -T6 Sheet, -T651 Plate) Solution and
Precipitation Heat Treated. (DoD adopted)
SAE-AMS4037 - Aluminum Alloy, Sheet and Plate, 4.4Cu-1.5Mg-0.60Mn,
(2024; -T3 Flat Sheet; -T351 Plate) Solution Heat Treated.
(DoD adopted)
(Copies of these documents are available from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth
Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001 or http://www.sae.org.)
2.4 Order of precedence. In the event of a conflict between the text of this document and
the references cited herein, the text of this document takes precedence. Nothing in this
document, however, supersedes applicable laws and regulations unless a specific exemption has
been obtained.
3. REQUIREMENTS
3.1 Materials. If no material type is specified type I shall be used. Unless otherwise
specified in the contract or order, substitutions of either type I for type II, or type II for type I
coatings are not permitted. The materials used to produce a chemical conversion coating shall be
approved for the selected type, class, form, and application method in accordance with the
qualification requirements of MIL-DTL-81706 and shall have been accepted for listing on the
applicable qualified products list (see 6.5). Replenishing chemicals, such as fluorides, added to a
bath to maintain its efficiency, shall not degrade the performance of the coating being applied.
3.2 Cleaning. Prior to coating, the base metal shall be mechanically or chemically cleaned
such that a water break-free surface is obtained after rinsing (see 6.6). Abrasives containing iron
such as steel wool, iron oxide, rouge, or steel wire are prohibited for all cleaning operations.
Treated parts that have become soiled shall be cleaned with materials that will remove the soil
without damaging the base metal, the part, or the conversion coating. If the coating is damaged,
the damaged area shall be recleaned and recoated or the part shall be rejected.
3.3 Application. Unless an application method is specified in the contract or order
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(see 6.4), the chemical conversion coating shall be applied nonelectrolytically by spray, brush, or
immersion after all heat treatments and mechanical operations such as forming, perforating,
machining, brazing, and welding have been completed (see 6.11 and 6.14). Assemblies
containing nonaluminum parts that may be attacked, embrittled, or damaged in any way by the
conversion coating process shall not be coated as assemblies unless the nonaluminum parts are
masked.
3.4 Touch-up. If specified in the contract or order, mechanically damaged areas from
which the coating has been removed shall be touched up or rejected. The damaged areas shall be
touched up with MIL-DTL-81706 material approved on QPL-81706 for the applicable type,
class, form, and method. The area to be touched up shall be not greater than 5 percent of the
total item surface area (see 6.4 and 6.17).
3.5 Appearance. The chemical conversion coating shall be continuous in appearance and
visibly discernible in daylight. It shall be free from areas of powdery or loose coating, voids,
scratches, flaws, and other defects or damages which reduce the serviceability of parts or are
detrimental to the protective value and paint bonding characteristics. The size and number of
contact marks shall be minimal, consistent with good practice. If specified in the contract or
order, contact marks shall be touched up with MIL-DTL-81706 material approved on QPL-
81706 for the applicable type, class, form, and method to prevent localized corrosion (see 6.4
and 6.8).
3.6 Performance characteristics.
3.6.1 Corrosion resistance. At the end of 168 hours of exposure to the 5 percent salt spray
test specified in 4.4.1, test specimens (see 4.2.2) treated with the applicable class of coating shall
meet the following corrosion resistance requirements (see 6.14):
a. No more than 5 isolated spots or pits (see 6.9), none larger than 0.031 inch in diameter,
per test specimen. Areas within 0.25 inch from the edges, identification markings, and
holding points during processing or salt spray exposure shall be excluded. Loss of color
shall not be cause for rejection.
b. No more than 15 isolated spots or pits, none larger than 0.031 inch in diameter, on the
combined surface area of all five test specimens, subjected to the salt spray test.
3.6.2 Paint adhesion (wet tape). When the production paint system (6.13) or the paint
system specified in 4.2.2.1.1 is applied to the applicable test specimens (see 4.2.2), no intercoat
separation shall occur between the paint system and the conversion coating, or between the
conversion coating and the base metal, when tested in accordance with 4.4.2 (an adhesion rating
of 4A or better according to ASTM-D3359 Procedure A) (see 6.12). If the conversion coated
parts do not require painting for end use, the paint adhesion test may be omitted if specifically
authorized by the acquisition activity (see 6.4).
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3.7 Electrical contact resistance of class 3 coatings. Electrical contact resistance testing
shall be as specified in the contract or order (see 6.4). The test method, frequency of testing, and
required resistance values shall be specified by the acquisition activity to meet the needs of a
particular application (see 6.1.2.1).
3.8 Chemical analysis of the conversion solution. Chemical analysis of the conversion
solution shall consist of concentration, pH, and temperature evaluations to determine that the
bath is within the ranges specified by the chemical manufacturer (see 6.11).
3.9 Workmanship. The chemical conversion coatings covered by this specification shall be
produced by treatments and processes that produce coated components as specified in this
specification.
4. VERIFICATION
4.1 Classification of inspections. The inspection requirements specified herein are
classified as follows:
a. Process control inspection (see 4.2).
b. Conformance inspection (see 4.3).
4.2 Process control inspection.
4.2.1 Process control tests and solution analysis. Test specimens shall be tested in
accordance with table I and 4.2.1.1. In addition to the tests in table I, solution analysis shall be
performed on all the processing solutions in the chemical conversion line (see 3.8) to verify that
the chemical concentrations are within ranges established for optimum performance (see 6.11
and 6.14). Process control tests are conducted to determine compliance of the chemical
conversion coatings with the requirements of this specification and are acceptable as evidence of
the properties being obtained with the equipment and procedures employed.
TABLE I. Process control tests.
Tests Class Number of
test
specimens
Test
specimen
preparation
paragraph
Requirement
paragraph
Test
paragraph
Corrosion
resistance
1A
3
5
5
4.2.2
4.2.2
3.6.1
3.6.1
4.4.1
4.4.1
Wet tape
adhesion
1A
3
2
2
4.2.2-4.2.2.1
4.2.2-4.2.2.1
3.6.2
3.6.2
4.4.2
4.4.2
Electrical
contact
resistance
3 5 4.2.2 3.7 4.4.1
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4.2.1.1 Frequency of process control testing and solution analysis. Solution analysis shall
at a minimum be performed once every week (see 6.15). The process control tests specified in
table I shall at a minimum be conducted on a monthly basis. In addition, the interval between
each monthly test shall not exceed 35 days. If production in accordance with this specification is
not performed for 35 days or more, process control tests and solution analysis shall be conducted
at the restart of production.
4.2.2 Process control test specimens. Test specimens used for process control testing shall
be 3 inches wide, 10 inches long, with a nominal thickness of not less than 0.020-inch.
The test specimens shall be processed with the hardware during an actual production run,
including all pre- and post-treatment processes such as cleaning and rinsing, except as specified
below. Unless otherwise specified in the contract or order (see 6.4), either of the following alloy
options for the process control test specimens shall be used:
Option 1 - A set of test specimens shall be used for each alloy and temper treated during the
monthly process control period.
Option 2 - The test specimens shall be 2024-T3 aluminum alloy in accordance with
SAE-AMS4037 for class 1A coatings and 6061-T6 aluminum alloy test specimens in accordance
with SAE-AMS4027 for class 3 coatings. Aluminum alloy 2024-T3 test specimens may be used
in lieu of 6061-T6 test specimens for testing class 3 coatings (see 6.10). When castings are
being processed and the cleaning procedures used are detrimental to the wrought test specimens,
the test specimens shall be cleaned in a proper manner (see 3.2) and the conversion coated with
the castings. If the production parts are not 2024-T3 aluminum alloy and the etch or deoxidizer
may be detrimental to the test specimens, the manufacturer’s recommended cleaning practices
shall be used.
4.2.2.1 Preparation of paint adhesion specimens. Unless otherwise specified on the contract
or order (see 6.4), the paint system to be used on the test specimens for adhesion testing (see
4.4.2 and 6.13) shall be the same system used for the production work (applied and cured in the
same manner as the production work) or the paint system specified in 4.2.2.1.1.
4.2.2.1.1 Epoxy primer coatings. Test specimens shall be furnished with one coat of a
volatile organic compound (VOC) compliant epoxy-polymide primer conforming to
MIL-PRF-23377 or MIL-PRF-85582. In either case, the primer shall be applied to a dry film
thickness of 0.0006 to 0.0009 inch (0.6 to 0.9 mil) and dried in accordance with the applicable
primer specification before testing in accordance with 4.4.2.
4.2.3 Failure. Failure to conform to any of the process control requirements specified in
table I shall result in immediate cessation of production. The reason for failure shall be
determined and corrected before production resumes. All traceable and retrievable work from
the last acceptable process control test to the time when the failure was determined shall be
rejected, unless the work under review can be demonstrated to meet the requirements of this
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MIL-DTL-5541F
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specification. Unless otherwise specified, parts that have been painted or incorporated into an
assembly shall not be considered retrievable.
4.3 Conformance inspection.
4.3.1 Sampling. Samples for visual examinations shall be selected from each lot (see 4.3.2)
of treated articles, items, parts, or components. Unless otherwise specified in the contract or
order (see 6.4 and 6.18), the sampling plan and acceptance criteria shall be as specified in ASQ-
Z1.4, inspection level II.
4.3.2 Visual lot examination. Samples selected in accordance with 4.3.1 shall be visually
inspected for compliance with 3.5 and 3.9. Each lot shall be inspected to ensure that the lot
consists of all conversion coated items of the same type, class, form, and method, treated under
the same process conditions, and submitted for acceptance at one time. Unless otherwise
specified on the contract or order, the lot size shall not exceed the number of parts, articles,
items, or components resulting from one day’s production (see 6.4).
4.3.3 Failure. Failure to conform to 4.3.2 shall result in rejection of the represented lot.
4.4. Test methods.
4.4.1 Corrosion resistance test. Five test specimens prepared in accordance with 4.2.2 shall
be used for corrosion resistance testing. After the coating application, the test specimens shall be
dried at 60 to 100 ºF (16 to 38 ºC) for 24 hours (see 6.14). The test specimens shall then be
subjected to a 5 percent salt spray test in accordance with ASTM-B117 for 168 hours, except
that the significant surface shall be inclined 6 ± 2 degrees from the vertical. After exposure, test
pieces shall be cleaned in running water not warmer than 100 ºF (38 ºC), blown with clean, dry
unheated air, and visually examined for conformance to 3.6.1. The dry unheated air for type I
shall be not warmer than 100 ºF (38 ºC) and for type II shall follow the manufacturer’s
recommended temperature ranges.
4.4.2 Wet tape adhesion test. Two test specimens prepared in accordance with 4.2.2 and
4.2.2.1 shall be tested for wet tape adhesion. The test shall be conducted in accordance with
FED-STD-141, method 6301, to determine conformance to 3.6.2.
5. PACKAGING
5.1 Not applicable.
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6. NOTES
(This section contains information of a general or explanatory nature that may be helpful,
but is not mandatory.)
6.1 Intended use. The conversion coatings covered by this specification are intended for
use, throughout the Department of Defense, on aluminum and aluminum alloy substrates that are
not anodized. They are used to repair anodized coatings on aluminum. They are designated as a
post treatment to ion-vapor deposition (IVD) aluminum used on many military platforms as a
cadmium alternative or galvanic corrosion inhibitor. Type I and II conversion coatings provide
corrosion protection on unpainted items, as well as improve adhesion of paint finish systems on
aluminum and aluminum alloys. The conversion coatings covered by this specification exceed
commercially available products due to the nature of their use on aircraft.
6.1.1 Class 1A. Class 1A chemical conversion coatings are intended to provide corrosion
prevention on unpainted items as well as improve adhesion of paint finish systems on aluminum
and aluminum alloys. Coatings of this type may be used, for example, on tanks, tubing, and
component structures where paint finishes are not required for interior surfaces but are required
for the exterior surfaces.
6.1.2 Class 3. Class 3 chemical conversion coatings are intended for use as a corrosion
preventive film for electrical and electronic applications where lower resistant contacts, relative
to class 1A coatings, and anodic coatings in accordance with MIL-A-8625, are required (see
6.1.2.1). Coating thickness is varied by immersion time, and as a result, the same conversion
material can be listed on QPL-81706 for both classes. Because class 3 coatings are thinner they
are more susceptible to corrosion than class 1A coatings. If it is required to paint areas
surrounding electrical contacts, class 3 coatings improve adhesion of paint systems on aluminum
and aluminum alloys.
6.1.2.1 Electrical resistance testing. When under a nominal electrode pressure of 200 psi,
class 3 coa
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