公路施工新技术

null公路施工新技术公路施工新技术2004年12月nullnullnull施工过程施工过程施工过程新技术施工过程新技术自检碾压机 移动式拌和楼 红外线摄影机 混合料传送机 nullnullnullnullnullnull不均匀密度的影响不均匀密度的影响同压密不够类似 增加剥落与水损 减少疲劳寿命 增加空隙率1%将至少减少10%的寿命nullnullnullnull不均匀密度的位置不均匀密度的位置null温差超过14°C 空隙率增加2%null 材料 关于××同志的政审材料调查表环保先进个人材料国家普通话测试材料农民专业合作社注销四查四问剖析材料 传递机nullnull材料传递机 拌和叶片摊铺之前的 再拌和施工工艺自动化施工工艺自动化计算机技术应用 卫星和激光定位技术 遥控技术 图控技术 机器眼技术 动态反馈和传感技术 人机对话技术卫星定位技术卫星定位技术激光定位技术激光定位技术遥控技术遥控技术遥控挖掘装载机遥控挖掘装载机碾压自动化碾压自动化多台碾压机碾压自动化多台碾压机碾压自动化null机器眼探测裂缝机器眼探测裂缝机器眼安装路面标记机器眼安装路面标记自动封缝机自动封缝机图控技术图控技术人机对话人机对话遥控管涵安装机遥控管涵安装机遥控挖掘装载机遥控挖掘装载机桥梁除漆机器人桥梁除漆机器人自动扫雪洒盐机自动扫雪洒盐机路面新技术路面新技术 超级性能路面 玛蹄脂沥青碎石混凝土路面 永久路面混合料主要特点混合料主要特点严格的材料选择旋转压密机和体积比 设计 领导形象设计圆作业设计ao工艺污水处理厂设计附属工程施工组织设计清扫机器人结构设计 沥青性能分级沥青性能分级以天气为基础PG 64-22Performance GradeAverage 7-day max pavement design tempMin pavement design tempnullnull The lower the number, the more resistant to thermal cracking. PG - 22 - 28 -34 集料特性集料特性基本特性 – 要求 coarse aggregate angularity (CAA) fine aggregate angularity (FAA) flat, elongated particles (F & E) clay content (SE) 来源特性 – 选择 toughness soundness deleterious materials polish values级配1000 .075 .3 2.36 4.75 9.5 12.5 19.0Percent PassingSieve Size (mm) Raised to 0.45 Power级配控制点控制点1000 .075 .3 2.36 4.75 9.5 12.5 19.0Percent Passingcontrol pointrestricted zonemax density linemax sizenom max sizeSieve Size (mm) Raised to 0.45 PowernullMarshall Methodnull19.0 mm25.0 mm37.5 mm9.5 mm4.75 mm12.5 mmnullAGGREGATE GRADATION Nominal Size: 19.0 mm SMA & 19.0 mm SuperpavePercent Passing SMASuperpavenull19.0 mm SuperpavenullInsert I-70I-70 Ndesign - 96 19.0 mm SMA VTM - 4.3 nullAGGREGATE GRADATION Nominal Size: 12.5 mm SMA & 12.5 mm Superpave SMASuperpavenullI-83 12.5 mm PG 70-22 BindernullFirst 12.5 mm SMAI-68null热压密和紧跟摊铺机!null特性比较Rut Resistant Durable Skid Resistant Reduced Spray Reduced Hydroplaning Reduced SoundSuperpave SMAnullDecision Points for using SMA as the Surface Layer > 2000 ESAL’s per day > 55 mph永久路面路面设计概念永久路面路面设计概念永久路面路面设计概念永久路面路面设计概念抗疲劳沥青基层：通过厚度使拉应变最小永久路面路面设计概念永久路面路面设计概念抗车辙上面层集料颗粒摩擦互锁： 轧制和粗颗粒 沥青胶结料： 高温性能和改性 空隙率： 现场4%-6%永久路面路面设计概念永久路面路面设计概念抗车辙上面层车辙试验验证 现场 加速试验 上开裂上开裂华盛顿州永久路面华盛顿州永久路面州际高速公路90号 47% 没有破坏 27-33年；路面24公分；第一次罩面12年；第二次罩面13年。 厚度比较厚度比较nullnull性能试验性能试验车辙仪车辙仪车辙仪试验结果车辙仪试验结果nullnullnullnullnullnullnull车辆噪音: engine, exhaust system, aerodynamic noise tire noise. For > 90 kmph, pavement/tire noise dominates.路面噪音null FHWA - Noise Abatement Criteria 67 dB(A) “this is not an absolute value or design standard, only a level where noise mitigation must be considered”The Decibel ScaleThe Decibel ScaleHearing ThresholdConversationPain ThresholdDiscomfortThe Decibel ScaleThe Decibel ScaleIncreasing the decibel level by 10 doubles the noise intensity!ConversationTrainChain Sawnull隔音墙隔音墙Effective only for those in line-of-sight.Do not reduce noise at source.隔音墙Effectiveness must justify expense. Cases: I-40, Knoxville: >$25,000/home I-285, Atlanta: Requirements of > 69 dB(A) and < $50,000/home U.S. 441, West Boca, FL: > 67dB(A), <$30,000/home, reduction of > 5dB(A) Nationwide (FHWA, 1998): >$1M/mile隔音墙nullConclusions, “In general, when dense-graded asphalt and PCC pavements are compared, the dense-graded is quieter by 2 to 3 dB(A)”路面微观构造The Decibel Scale67 dB(A)15 mThe Decibel ScalenullA reduction of 3 dB(A) is like doubling the distance from the noise.67 dB(A)30 m- 3 dB(A) = 64 dB(A)nullConclusions: “In general, when dense-graded asphalt and PCC pavements are compared,the dense-graded is quieter by 2 to 3 dB(A)”A 3dB(A) reduction corresponds to: - doubling the distance - reducing traffic volume by 50% - reducing traffic speed by 25% nullConclusions: “Open-graded asphalt shows the greatest potential for noise reduction for passby noise. Reduction when compared to dense-graded asphalt ranged from 1 to 9 dB(A).” A 9dB(A) reduction corresponds to: - a reduction in traffic noise by almost 50%!OGFCs Reduce Noise and Improve VisibilityOGFCs Reduce Noise and Improve VisibilityNoise Reduction Open vs Dense Graded MixesNoise Reduction Open vs Dense Graded MixesSource: NCHRP 284What Can Be Done?What Can Be Done?DOTs indicate a strong need for pavement noise control strategies. Proper selection of pavement surface is the best method to reduce noise from pavement/tire interactions.Effect of Pavement SurfaceEffect of Pavement SurfaceOGFC is the quietest surface type. (Wayson, NCHRP Synthesis 268) SMA has also proven to be a quiet surface. (Wisconsin DOT, 1993) Dense graded HMA surfaces are quieter than PCC pavements.(Hibbs and Larson, Report FHWA-SA-96-068, May 1996)nullNoise Makes News!Families Near I-275 is lobbying the Michigan DOT for sound abatement. In 1999, MDOT rebuilt I-275 with concrete. Residents contend the project has increase noise levels. Levels have been registered upwards of 90 decibels. Steve Phillips of Berkshire, England-based TRL Limited spoke about England’s 10-year plan to install quieter surfaces on 60% of main trunk roads. The surfaces will be SMA or OGFC.SummarySummaryHighway noise is important to the public. Small changes in dB level are noticeable. Decrease of 9 dB(A) reduces noise by 50% Decrease of 3 dB(A) is like doubling distanceSummarySummaryNoise walls can work, but: They are expensive. They don’t work in all types of terrain. Source of noise is still there. Asphalt pavements can reduce noise at the source by up to 9 dB(A).SummaryHot Mix AsphaltSummaryAsphalt pavements for noise reduction in order of effectiveness: OGFC SMA Dense-Graded HMAPCC