考研英语(二)模拟试卷一

全国统一服务热线：400—668—2190 1 让有理想的人更加卓越！ Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) The Treasury could pocket 20 million a year in extra fines once the country's speed camera network is expanded. Motoring organizations warned that the 1 could become a poll tax on wheels, 2 huge number of drivers. There could be many more incidents of vandalism 3 cameras. The warnings came 4 a Daily Mail survey found almost all the 23 police forces in England and Wales were either 5 to expansion plans or considering 6 . Nationwide, the number of speeding tickets is expected to treble, 7 90 million a year. 8 the scheme, police keep some of the cash from fines to 9 the costs of fitting and maintaining extra cameras and 10 that existing ones always have film in them. The rest will go to the Treasury. Both Ministers and police insist the scheme is aimed 11 at making roads safer. They point to trials in eight areas which cut collisions by a quarter and deaths and serious injuries by 12 a half. But motoring organizations fear cameras will be sited on relatively safe 13 fast stretches to catch as many drivers as possible. Some forces are also expected to 14 the "threshold" speeds at which cameras are 15 to the absolute legal minimum—15 mph in a 10 mph limit, and 26 mph in a 20 mph zone. This could encourage drivers to stare at their speedometers instead of concentrating on the road, and 16 to more accidents. Sue Nicholson, head of campaigns at the RAC, said, "We don't have a problem with speed cameras 17 . But we do have concerns about 18 they are sited. Police risk losing credibility 19 motorists if cameras are seen as revenue raising 20 safety devices." 1. ［A］promotions ［B］punishments ［C］penalties ［D］payments 2. ［A］isolating ［B］separating ［C］alienating ［D］detaching 3. ［A］towards ［B］against ［C］before ［D］over 4. ［A］so ［B］once ［C］as ［D］where 5. ［A］subjected ［B］engaged ［C］intended ［D］committed 6. ［A］taking part ［B］keeping silence ［C］making exception ［D］paying respect 7. ［A］financing ［B］profiting ［C］funding ［D］netting 8. ［A］From ［B］Under ［C］On ［D］With 9. ［A］hide ［B］cover ［C］conceal ［D］veil 10. ［A］pledging ［B］assuring ［C］confirming ［D］ensuring 11. ［A］essentially ［B］strongly ［C］wholeheartedly ［D］purely 12. ［A］in all ［B］fewer than ［C］at most ［D］up to 13. ［A］but ［B］whereas ［C］though ［D］while 14. ［A］fit ［B］put ［C］set ［D］fix 15. ［A］levered ［B］geared ［C］handled ［D］triggered 16. ［A］lead ［B］add ［C］contribute ［D］resort 17. ［A］any less ［B］by itself ［C］after all ［D］as such 18. ［A］who ［B］when ［C］where ［D］which 19. ［A］in ［B］with ［C］against ［D］for 20. ［A］in spite of ［B］far from ［C］rather than ［D］by means of 2 全国统一服务热线：400—668—2190 让有理想的人更加卓越！ 精勤求学 自强不息 Section Ⅱ Reading comprehension Part A Directions: Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A, B, C and D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points) Depending on whom you ask, the experiment announced at a Texas medical conference last week was a potential breakthrough for infertile women, a tragic failure or a dangerous step closer to the nightmare scenario of human cloning. There's truth to all these points of view. Infertility was clearly the motivation when Chinese doctors used a new technique to help one of their countrywomen get pregnant. Unlike some infertile women, the 30-year-old patient produced eggs just fine, and those eggs could be fertilized by sperm. But they never developed properly, largely because of defects in parts of the egg outside the fertilized nucleus. So using a technique developed by Dr. James Grifo at New York University, Dr. Zhuang Guanglun of Sun Yat-sen University in Guangzhou took the patient's fertilized egg, scooped out the chromosome-bearing nuclear material and put it in a donated egg whose nucleus had been removed. In this more benign environment, development proceeded normally, and the woman became pregnant with triplets who carried a mix of her DNA and her husband's--pretty much like any normal baby. What has some doctors and ethicists upset is that this so-called nuclear-transfer technique has also been used to produce clones, starting with Dolly the sheep. The only significant difference is that with cloning, the inserted nucleus comes from a single, usually adult, cell, and the resulting offspring is genetically identical to the parent. Doing that with humans is ethically repugnant to many. Besides, for reasons that aren't yet well understood, cloned animals often abort spontaneously or are born with defects; Dolly died very young, though she had seemed healthy. And because the Chinese woman's twins were born prematurely and died (the third triplet was removed early on to improve chances for the remaining two), critics have suggested that cloning and nuclear transfer are equally risky for humans. Not likely, says Grifo. "The obstetric outcome was a disaster," he admits, "but the embryos were chromosomally normal. We have no evidence that it had anything to do with the procedure." Even so, concern over potential risks is why the Food and Drug Administration created a stringent approval process for such research in 2001--a process that Grifo found so onerous that he stopped working on the technique and gave it to the researchers in China, where it was subsequently banned (but only this month, long after Zhuang's patient became pregnant). The bottom line, say critics, is that perfecting a technique that could be used for human cloning, even if it were developed for another purpose, is just a bad idea--an assertion Zhuang rejects. "I agree that it makes sense to control these experiments," he says. "But we've developed an effective technology to help people. We understand how to do it. We need it." 21.What is implied in the first paragraph? [A]Some people regard it as a tragic failure. [B]The new experiment means a breakthrough for some people. [C]People have different reactions to the new experiment. [D]The new experiment means a step further to the dangerous human cloning. 22.The author uses the case of Dolly and the Chinese pregnant woman to show that _________. [A]both nuclear-transfer and cloning are dangerous for humans and animals [B]both of them benefit from the new technique [C]both of them are the examples of technical failure [D]both of them are the fruits of the new technology 全国统一服务热线：400—668—2190 3 让有理想的人更加卓越！ 23.Zhuang’s attitude toward the critics’ conclusion is one of __________. [A]reserved consent [B]strong disapproval [C]slight contempt [D]enthusiastic support 24.The only difference existing between nuclear-transfer and cloning technique is ________. [A]whether it is used for research or for helping the infertile [B]whether the offspring looks like the parent [C]whether it is used in animals or human beings [D]whether the inserted nucleus comes from a single and usually adult cell 25.The text intends to express the idea that _________. [A]research of cloning has potential risks [B]the research of cloning should be stopped totally [C]ethics and research of cloning are in contradiction [D]researchers should have the right to continue the study of cloning Text 2 As students primp and preen to wow their favorite colleges, there's one characteristic they can't control: their race. That's one reason voters, courts and politicians in six states have outlawed racial preferences in college admissions, while other colleges, fearful of lawsuits, play down their affirmative-action efforts these days. But make no mistake: race still matters. How much depends on the school and the state. In Texas, public universities have managed to counteract the effect of racial-preference bans by automatically admitting the top 10% of the graduating class of every high school, including those schools where most students are minorities. But Rice University in Houston, private and highly selective, has had to reinvent its admissions strategies to maintain the school's minority enrollment. Each February, 80 to 90 black, Hispanic and Native American kids visit Rice on an expenses-paid trip. Rice urges counselors from high schools with large minority populations to nominate qualified students. And in the fall, Rice sends two recruiters on the road to find minority applicants; each recruiter visits about 80 predominantly black or Hispanic high schools. Two weeks ago, Rice recruiter Tamara Siler dropped in on Westlake High in Atlanta, where 99% of the 1,296 students are black. Siler went bearing literature and advice, and though only two kids showed up, she said, "I'm pleased I got two." Rice has also resorted to some almost comical end-runs around the spirit of the law. The university used to award a yearly scholarship to a Mexican-American student; now it goes to a student who speaks Spanish really well. Admissions officers no longer know an applicant's race. But a new essay question asks about each student's "background" and "cultural traditions." When Rice officials read applications, they look for "diverse life experiences" and what they awkwardly call "overcome students," who have triumphed over hardship. Last spring, admissions readers came across a student whose SAT score was lower than 1,200 and who did not rank in the top 10% of her class. Numerically speaking, she lagged far behind most accepted applicants. But her essay and recommendations indicated a strong interest in civil rights and personal experience with racial discrimination. She was admitted. "All the newspapers say affirmative action is done," says a veteran counselor at a large New York City high school. "But nothing has changed. I have a [minority] kid at Yale with an SAT score in the high 900s." While minority admissions at the University of California system overall have dipped only slightly since a ban on affirmative action took effect in 1998, they have plummeted at the most selective campuses. At Berkeley, for example, the class entering this fall included 608 Chicano students, vs. 1,013 in 1997. In response, the elite schools have moved aggressively to recruit at minority high schools--and even to improve the performance of students who are graduating from them. This year the U.C. system will spend $250 million on outreach, from installing tutors at low-income schools to inviting high school teachers to summer calculus seminars. 26. Affirmative action is something ___________. 4 全国统一服务热线：400—668—2190 让有理想的人更加卓越！ 精勤求学 自强不息 [A] that guarantees students of different races to be admitted equally [B] colleges take to give preference to minority students in college admission [C] American citizens fight against because it discriminates minority students [D] favored by American colleges yet unpopular with American public 27. Rice University sent two recruiters to find minority applicants because _________. [A] Rice wanted to maintain minority enrollment [B] minority students have better school performance [C] Rice has a large minority population [D] Rice is famous for admitting minority students 28. The writer mentioned Rice’s some comic end-runs around the spirit of the law to show that_____________. [A] Rice abides by the law strictly [B] Rice deals with students in a comic way [C] Rice prefers minority students [D] Rice has its own ways of dealing with the law 29. It seems that minority students _________. [A] are still benefiting from affirmative action [B] have lower SAT scores [C] are often admitted by universities because they have unique racial experience [D] lag far behind than other students in school performance 30. The word ―plummeted‖ (Line 2, Paragraph 5) most probably means_________. [A] doubled [B] risen [C] stayed the same [D] decreased Text 3 Valeta Young, 81, a retiree from Lodi, Calif., suffers from congestive heart failure and requires almost constant monitoring. But she doesn't have to drive anywhere to get it. Twice a day she steps onto a special electronic scale, answers a few yes or no questions via push buttons on a small attached monitor and presses a button that sends the information to a nurse's station in San Antonio, Texas. "It's almost a direct link to my doctor," says Young, who describes herself as computer illiterate but says she has no problems using the equipment. Young is not the only patient who is dealing with her doctor from a distance. Remote monitoring is a rapidly growing field in medical technology, with more than 25 firms competing to measure remotely--and transmit by phone, Internet or through the airwaves--everything from patients' heart rates to how often they cough. Prompted both by the rise in health-care costs and the increasing computerization of health-care equipment, doctors are using remote monitoring to track a widening variety of chronic diseases. In March, St. Francis University in Pittsburgh, Pa., partnered with a company called BodyMedia on a study in which rural diabetes patients use wireless glucose meters and armband sensors to monitor their disease. And last fall, Yahoo began offering subscribers the ability to chart their asthma conditions online, using a PDA-size respiratory monitor that measures lung functions in real time and e-mails the data directly to doctors. Such home monitoring, says Dr. George Dailey, a physician at the Scripps Clinic in San Diego, "could someday replace less productive ways that patients track changes in their heart rate, blood sugar, lipid levels, kidney functions and even vision." Dr. Timothy Moore, executive vice president of Alere Medical, which produces the smart scales that Young and more than 10,000 other patients are using, says that almost any vital sign could, in theory, be monitored from home. But, he warns, that might not always make good medical sense. He advises against performing electrocardiograms remotely, for example, and although he acknowledges that remote monitoring of blood-sugar levels and diabetic ulcers on the skin may have real value, he points out that there are no truly independent studies that establish the value of home testing for diabetes or asthma. Such studies are needed because the technology is still in its infancy and medical experts are divided about its value. But on one thing they all agree: you should never rely on any remote testing system without clearing it with your doctor. 全国统一服务热线：400—668—2190 5 让有理想的人更加卓越！ 31. How does Young monitor her health conditions? [A] By stepping on an electronic scale. [B] By answering a few yes or no questions. [C] By using remote monitoring service. [D] By establishing a direct link to her doctor. 32. Which of the following is not used in remote monitoring? [A] car [B] telephone [C] Internet [D] the airwaves 33. The word ―prompted‖ (Line 1, Paragraph 3) most probably means ________. [A] made [B] reminded [C] aroused [D] driven 34. Why is Dr. Timothy Moore against performing electrocardiograms remotely? [A] Because it is a less productive way of monitoring. [B] Because it doesn’t make good medical sense. [C] Because it’s value has not been proved by scientific study [D] Because it is not allowed by doctors 35. Which of the following is true according to the text? [A] Computer illiterate is advised not to use remote monitoring. [B] The development of remote monitoring market is rather sluggish. [C] Remote monitoring is mainly used to track chronic diseases. [D] Medical experts agree on the value of remote monitoring. Text 4 It was a ruling that had consumers seething with anger and many a free trader crying foul. On November 20th the European Court of Justice decided that Tesco, a British supermarket chain, should not be allowed to import jeans made by America's Levi Strauss from outside the European Union and sell them at cut-rate prices without getting permission first from the jeans maker. Ironically, the ruling is based on an EU trademark directive that was designed to protect local, not American, manufacturers from price dumping. The idea is that any brand-owning firm should be allowed to position its goods and segment its markets as it sees fit: Levi's jeans, just like Gucci handbags, must be allowed to be expensive. Levi Strauss persuaded the court that, by selling its jeans cheaply alongside soap powder and bananas, Tesco was destroying the image and so the value of its brands--which could only lead to less innovation and, in the long run, would reduce consumer choice. Consumer groups and Tesco say that Levi's case is specious. The supermarket argues that it was just arbitraging the price differential between Levi's jeans sold in America and Europe--a service performed a million times a day in financial markets, and one that has led to real benefits for consumers. Tesco has been selling some 15,000 pairs of Levi's jeans a week, for about half the price they command in specialist stores approved by Levi Strauss. Christine Cross, Tesco's head of global non-food sourcing, says the ruling risks "creating a Fortress Europe with a vengeance". The debate will rage on, and has implications well beyond casual clothes (Levi Strauss was joined in its lawsuit by Zino Davidoff, a perfume maker). The question at its heart is not whether brands need to control how they are sold to protect their image, but whether it is the job of the courts to help them do this. Gucci, an Italian clothes label whose image was being destroyed by loose licensing and over-exposure in discount stores, saved itself not by resorting to the courts but by ending contracts with third-party suppliers, controlling its distribution better and opening its own stores. It is now hard to find cut-price Gucci anywhere. Brand experts argue that Levi Strauss, which has been losing market share to hipper rivals such as Diesel, is no longer strong enough to command premium prices. Left to market forces, so-so brands such as Levi's might well fade away and be replaced by fresher labels. With the courts protecting its prices, Levi Strauss may hang on for longer. But no court can help to make it a great brand again. 36. Which of the following is not true according to Paragraph 1? [A]Consumers and free traders were very angry. [B]Only the Levi’s maker can decide the prices of the jeans. [C] The ruling has protected Levi’s from price dumping. [D] Levi’s jeans should be sold at a high price. 6 全国统一服务热线：400—668—2190 让有理想的人更加卓越！ 精勤求学 自强不息 37. Gucci’s success shows that _______. [A]Gucci has successfully saved its own image. [B] It has changed its fate with its own effort. [C]Opening its own stores is the key to success. [D] It should be the court’s duty to save its image. 38. The word ―specious‖(line 12, paragraph 2) in the context probably means _______. [A]responsible for oneself [B] having too many doubts [C] not as it seems to be [D] raising misunderstanding 39. According to the passage, the doomed fate of Levi’s is caused by such factors except that ________. [A]the rivals are competitive [B]it fails to command premium prices [C]market forces have their own rules [D]the court fails to give some help 40. The author’s attitude toward