CHINESE CENTER FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION
人感染新型H7N9禽流感病毒现
状及病原学特征
高荣保
中国疾病预防控制中心
病毒病预防控制所
国家流感中心
WHO流感参比和研究合作中心
2013-4-16
CHINESE CENTER FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION
流感病毒
正粘病毒科,流感病毒属,主要分为3个型别
–A 型
•可感染人
•可感染多个物种如:人、猪、马和禽类等
•毒力最强的型别
•据表面蛋白HA和NA的不同分亚型
–B 型
•感染人
–C 型
•可感染人和猪
CHINESE CENTER FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION
流感所导致的疾病负担
8-44/100,000人由于
流感感染导致的重症
或死亡。
大量的轻症病例造成
的社会经济负担:每
年导致5-10%的成人
和20-30%的儿童感
染。
CHINESE CENTER FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION
N ature Review s | M icrobiology
PB2
PB1
H A
PA
N P
N A
M
N S
H um an viruses
H um an H 1 H um an H 3
Avian H 5
(~33 ºC )
Sw ine viruses Avian viruses
K627, N 701 and R591
each confer replication
com petence in the upper
respiratory tract at
hum an body tem perature
E190 and G 225 together change hum an
H 1 from α-2,6-SA to α-2,3-SA specificity
Q 226 and G 228 together change
hum an H 3 from α-2,6-SA to
α-2,3-SA specificity
R143 and K186, or L226 and S228,
or R196 or A160 change avian H 5
from α-2,3-SA to α-2,6-SA specificity.
Receptors containing
α-2,6-SA
Receptors containing
α-2,3-SA
Receptors containing
α-2,3-SA
Receptors containing
α-2,3-SA and α-2,6-SA
(~37 ºC )
(~39 ºC )
(~40 ºC )
and w as found in a fatal hum an case of infection w ith
H PA I H 7N 7 virus during an outbreak in the N etherlands
in 2003 (REF. 86). V iruses that w ere isolated from birds
during the 2005 Q inghai Lake outbreak in C hina also
possessed a K 627 substitution24, indicating that this resi-
due can evolve in nature w ithout previous selection in
hum ans. A D 701N m utation in PB2 has also been im pli-
cated in the adaptation of A IV s to grow th in m am m alian
cells87,88 and has been show n to m odulate transm ission in
the guinea pig70,73 and ferret89 m odels. Surprisingly, the
2009 pandem ic H 1N 1 strain can efficiently replicate and
transm it, and can even outcom pete the seasonal hum an-
adapted strains90, despite its PB2 having neither the K 627
nor the N 701 adaptations. It w as recently established that
an R591 residue, w hich is present in the 2009 pandem ic
strain, can confer efficient replication in m am m als and
com pensates for the lack of the K 627 and N 701 adapta-
tions91,92. O ther recent studies have show n that H A , N A ,
PB2 and PA (another RN A-dependent RN A polym erase
protein) contribute to the replication com petence of
H 7N 7 viruses in hum an cells86. Sim ilarly, hum an-adapted
PB2 and H A proteins w ere found to confer replication
com petence and transm issibility to som e A IV s in the
ferret m odel89. Thus, adaptations in the polym erase pro-
teins and in H A allow successful viral binding to, entry
into and replication in the relevant hum an cells of the
respiratory tract.
H ost factors that influence influenza virus infection.
Recent genom e-w ide approaches have identified vari-
ous host factors that are required for efficient influ-
enza virus replication93–97 (review ed in REF. 98). These
include host factors that are involved in viral fusion and
uncoating; transport of viral RN P com plexes into the
nucleus; replication, transcription and translation of
the viral genom e; export of viral R N P com plexes
from the nucleus; and viral assem bly and budding.
K nockdow n of several of the required host factors sub-
stantially reduced viral infection rates. For exam ple,
the vacuolar ATPase ATP6V 0D 1, w hich is involved in the
endocytosis pathw ay, is required for influenza virus
entry, and sm all interfering RN A-m ediated depletion of
Figure 3 | Influenza A virus tropism . The anatom ical expression patterns of the viral receptors in different hosts
restricts infection w ith and replication of influenza A viruses. The sw ine trachea contains receptors w ith α-2,3-linked and
α-2,6-linked sialic acid (α-2,3-SA and α-2,6-SA) m oieties that allow for binding of both avian and hum an viruses, leading
to the idea that pigs can serve as the ‘m ixing vessel’ (REF. 57) in w hich reassortm ent of hum an and avian viruses can
occur. Avian viruses bind preferentially to α-2,3-SA, w hich is found on receptors in the gut and respiratory tract of birds.
By contrast, hum an-adapted viruses (for exam ple, seasonal H 1N 1, H 3N 2 and 2009 pandem ic H 1N 1 viruses) have a
higher affinity for α-2,6-SAs, w hich are expressed in the upper respiratory tract of hum ans. H um an infection w ith
a non-hum an-adapted virus is rare and is usually a result of a direct spillover transm ission event. Viral proteins and their
specific residues that affect receptor binding and have been established as adaptations to the hum an host are listed; H 1,
H 3 and H 5 are variations of the haem agglutinin (H A) protein, and PB2 is an RN A-dependent RN A polym erase com ponent.
R E V IE W S
596 | A U G U ST 2011 | V O LU M E 9 w w w .nature.com /review s/m icro
© 2011 M acm illan Publishers Lim ited. A ll rights reserved
流感病毒的基本特点
CHINESE CENTER FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION
流感和肺炎是老年人重要死因
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
死
亡
比
例
(
%
)
心脏病 心血管疾病 肺炎和流感 阿尔茨默病 意外事故
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 排名
90%以上流感相关死亡发生于65岁以上老年人
流感和肺炎是65岁以上老人第五位疾病死亡原因
1. Anderson RN, Smith BL. Deaths: Leading causes for 2001. National Vital Statistics Reports 2003;52(9).[6c]
2. Influenza vaccines .WEEKLY EPIDEMIOLOGICAL RECORD, NO. 33, 19 AUGUST 2005
3. Thompson WW. Mortality associated with influenza and respiratory syncytial virus in the US. JAMA 2003; 289(2):179-186
CHINESE CENTER FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION
流感所导致的疾病负担
1918年
流感大流行
期间的医院
急诊室
1957年
亚洲流感
1969年
香港流感
1918-1919 西班牙流感
H1N1,通过参战的士兵传遍世界,估计
2000万-5000万人死亡
1957-1958 亚洲流感
H2N2,估计死亡人数100万-400万
1968-1969 香港流感
H3N2,估计死亡人数100万-400万
2009年甲型H1N1流感
新型H1N1,全球超过214个国家,18449
人确诊死亡(截止2010年8月1日),
导致全球201200呼吸道疾病死亡和83300
心血管死亡
CHINESE CENTER FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION
7
CHINESE CENTER FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION
CHINESE CENTER FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION
人感染病例地理分布(截止4月14日)
性别 病例数
男 36
女 15
年龄 (y) 65 (4-87)
地区
北京 1
上海 21
江苏 14
浙江 11
安徽 2
河南 2
CHINESE CENTER FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION
实验室检测策略
核酸检
测
病毒分
离
全基因
组测序
测序
平台
引物
库
BSL
-3
鸡胚/
细胞
技术
体系
鉴定
引物
库
CHINESE CENTER FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION
病例的实验室确诊
3.24晚
收到上海5送
检例病例样
本
3.25
核酸检测2
例病例
A/H7阳性
3.26
安徽送检1
病例样本,
当日核酸
检测A/H7
阳性
3.28
2例上海病例
和1例安徽病
例病毒分离阳
性
3.29
三株病毒全
序列获得,
当日对获得
全序列特征
分析结果
CHINESE CENTER FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION
从3个病例中分离到3个病毒
• A/Shanghai/1/2013(H7N9)
• A/Shanghai/2/2013(H7N9)
• A/Anhui/1/2013(H7N9)
CHINESE CENTER FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION
HA核酸同源性比较
CHINESE CENTER FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION
HA氨基酸同源性比较
CHINESE CENTER FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION
A/northern_pintail/Akita/1370/2008_H7N7_Japan
A/mallard/Korea/GG3/2007_H7N7_South_Korea
A/environment/Mongolia/1-51/2007_H7N7_Mongolia
A/duck/Korea/BC10/2007_H7N3_South_Korea
A/duck/Mongolia/119/2008_H7N9_Mongolia
A/duck/Korea/A349/2009_H7N2_South_Korea
A/duck/Thailand/CU-LM7291T/2010_H7N6_Thailand
A/quail/Thailand/CU-J2882/2009_H7N1_Thailand
A/wild_bird/Korea/5-77/2005_H7N8_South_Korea
A/duck/Zhejiang/12/2011_H7N3_China
A/Shanghai/1/2013
A/Shanghai/2/2013
A/Anhui/1/2013
A/duck/Jiangxi/1742/03_H7N7_China
A/wild_bird_feces/Korea/HDR16/2003_H7N2_South_Korea
A/duck/Mongolia/867/2002_H7N1_Mongolia
AY338455_A/Netherlands/127/03_H7N7_Netherlands
AY338457_A/Netherlands/33/03_H7N7_Netherlands
AY338459_A/Netherlands/219/2003_H7N7_Netherlands
A/chicken/Italy/444/99_H7N1_Italy
A/chicken/Italy/322/2001_H7N1_Italy
A/quail/Italy/4610/2003_H7N2_Italy
A/turkey/Italy/5425/2007_H7N3_Italy
A/mallard/Sweden/100993/2008_H7N7_Sweden
A/mute_swan/Hungary/5973/2007_H7N7_Hungary
A/mallard/Italy/497-35/2006_H7_Italy
A/goose/Czech_Republic/1848-K9/2009_H7N9_Czech_Republic
A/mallard/Korea/822/2010_H7N7_South_Korea
A/duck/Thailand/CU-10507T/2011_H7N4_Thailand
A/wild_goose/Dongting/PC0360/2012_H7N7_China
A/spot-billed_duck/Korea/447/2011_H7N9_South_Korea
A/parrot/England/1174/94_H7N1_United_Kingdom
A/ostrich/South_Africa/5352/92_H7N1_South_Africa
AF028020_A/England/268/1996_H7N7_United_Kingdom
GU053110_A/England/AV877/1996_H7N7_United_Kingdom
A/England/AV877/1996_H7N7_United_Kingdom
A/chicken/Pakistan/16/99/95_H7N3_Pakistan
A/chicken/Karachi/NARC-23/2003_H7N3_Pakistan
A/quail/Aichi/1/2009_H7N6_Japan
A/duck/Hong_Kong/301/1978_H7N2_Hong_Kong
A/black_kite/Egypt/054/2004_H7N7_Egypt
A/chicken/Jena/1816/87_H7N7_Germany
A/chicken/Hebei/1/2002_H7N2_China
A/African_starling/England-Q/983/1979_H7N1_United_Kingdom
A/duck/Vietnam/OIE-0178/2012_H7N1_Viet_Nam
Eurasian
A/mallard/New_Zealand/1365-355/2005_H7N7_New_Zealand
A/equine/Prague/1/1956_H7N7_Czech_Republic
A/equine/Cambridge/1/63_H7N7_United_Kingdom
A/equine/Argentina/1/1977_H7N7_Argentina
E quine
A/chicken/Chile/184240-1/2002_H7N3_Chile
A/cinnamon_teal/Bolivia/4537/2001_H7N3_Bolivia
A/turkey/Oregon/1971_H7N3_USA
A/shorebird/Delaware_Bay/274/1994_H7N5_USA
A/mallard/Delaware/418/2005_H7N3_USA
A/blue-winged_teal/Ohio/566/2006_H7N9_USA
A/green-winged_teal/MD/648/2004_H7N3_USA
CY015006_A/Canada/rv504/2004_H7N3_Canada
A/goose/Nebraska/17097-4/2011_H7N9_USA
CY125728_A/Mexico/InDRE7218/2012_H7N3_Mexico
A/chicken/Jalisco/CPA1/2012_H7N3_Mexico
A/pheasant/Minnesota/917/1980_H7N3_USA
A/green-winged_teal/ALB/228/1985_H7N3_Canada
A/laughing_gull/Delaware/22/2002_H7N3_USA
A/duck/Guangdong/1/1996_H7N3_China
A/turkey/New_York/Sg-00255/1994_H7N2_USA
A/quail/PA/20304/1998_H7N2_USA
A/Guinea_fowl/New_York/10196-7/2005_H7N2_USA
A/chicken/New_York/63806-12/2005_H7N2_USA
A/turkey/VA/66/02_H7N2_USA
EU587368_A/New_York/107/2003_H7N2_USA
A/Guinea_fowl/New_York/31621-8/2005_H7N2_USA
American
A/chicken/Victoria/1976_H7N7_Australia
A/duck/Tasmania/277/2007_H7N2_Australia
A/duck/Victoria/512/2007_H7N6_Australia
A/chicken/Queensland/1994_H7N3_Australia
A/chicken/New_South_Wales/2/1997_H7N4_Australia
A/fowl/Egypt/45_H7N1_Egypt
A/chicken/Japan/1925_H7N7_Japan
A/duck/Taiwan/33/1993_H7N7_Taiwan
A/chicken/Rostock/45/1934_H7N1_Germany
A/FPV/Dutch/1927_H7N7_United_Kingdom
A/chicken/Brescia/1902_H7N7_Italy
100
100
99
100
100
100
100
100
81
82
88
73
99
100
100
91
100
100
100
100
100
100
78
100
92
100
100
99
94
99
89
100
78
100
87
84
100
87
78
91
78
96
71
100
98
88
98
100
100
76
98
97
98
100
98
86
99
92
89
93
70
99
0.05
H7进化树
红色标记为本次病例
●H7 人感染病例
CHINESE CENTER FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION
A/mallard/Minnesota/Sg-00177/2007__USA_H12N9
A/mallard/Ohio/2033/2009__USA_H4N9
A/American_black_duck/New_Brunswick/03451/2009__Canada_H3N9
A/mallard/Alberta/64/2000__Canada_H11N9
A/mallard/MN/158/2000__USA_H3N9
A/northern_shoveler/California/8675/2008__USA_H11N9
A/ruddy_turnstone/Delaware_Bay/220/1995__USA_H7N9
A/mallard/Alberta/193/2000__Canada_H11N9
A/black_duck/Ohio/161/1999__USA_H11N9
A/ruddy_turnstone/DE/1538/2000__USA_H7N9
A/American_black_duck/New_Brunswick/02485/2007__Canada_H11N9
A/American_white_pelican/Minnesota/Sg-0611/2008__USA_H13N9
A/shorebird/Delaware_Bay/424/2007__USA_H13N9
A/shorebird/Delaware_Bay/48/2002__USA_H11N9
A/ruddy_turnstone/New_Jersey/980/2002__USA_H2N9
A/ruddy_turnstone/Delaware_Bay/96/2002__USA_H1N9
A/thick-billed_murre/Alaska/44085-090/2006__USA_H11N9
A/glaucous_gull/Alaska/44199-104/2006__USA_H13N9
A/guinea_fowl/Nebraska/17096-1/2011__USA_H7N9
A/northern_shoverl/Mississippi/11OS145/2011__USA_H7N9
A/king_eider/Alaska/44397-858/2008__USA_H10N9
A/blue-winged_teal/Guatemala/CIP049-01/2008__Guatemala_H7N9
A/turkey/Minnesota/1/1988__USA_H7N9
A/gull/Maryland/18/1977__USA_H2N9
A/pintail/Alberta/293/1977__Canada_H2N9
A/Black_Duck/Ohio/239/1986__USA_H11N9
A/ruddy_turnstone/Delaware/2368/1988__USA_H4N9
A/redhead_duck/Alberta/357/1983__Canada_H11N9
A/turkey/Wisconsin/1/1968__USA_H5N9
A/tern/Australia/G70C/1975__Australia_H11N9
American
A/duck/Vietnam/OIE-2386/2009__Viet_Nam_H11N9
A/duck/Vietnam/OIE-3301/2011__Viet_Nam_H6N9
A/goose/Zambia/09/2009__Zambia_H11N9
A/mallard/New_Zealand/1440-365/2005__New_Zealand_H11N9
A/mallard/Czech_Republic/15902-18K/2009__Czech_Republic_H6N9
A/goose/Czech_Republic/1848-K9/2009__Czech_Republic_H7N9
A/mallard/Switzerland/WV1071028/2007__Switzerland_H11N9
A/Duck/Nanchang/2-0492/2000__China_H2N9(2)
A/mallard/Sweden/48/2002__Sweden_H11N9
A/gadwall/Mongolia/OIE-191/2012__Mongolia_H2N9
A/duck/Hunan/1590/2007__China_H6N9
A/duck/Mongolia/119/2008__Mongolia_H7N9
A/mallard/Czech_Republic/13438-29K/2010__Czech_Republic_H11N9
A/Anas_crecca/Spain/1460/2008__Spain_H7N9
A/duck/Vietnam/LBM81/2012__Viet_Nam_H11N9
A/wild_duck/Korea/SH20-27/2008__South_Korea_H7N9
A/shorebird/Korea/S8/2006__South_Korea_H11N9
A/duck/Chiba/7/2006__Japan_H11N9
A/duck/Hokkaido/W245/2004__Japan_H11N9
A/shorebird/Korea/S331/2006__South_Korea_H10N9
A/wild_bird/Korea/A3/2011__South_Korea_H7N9
A/wild_bird/Korea/A14/2011__South_Korea_H7N9
A/Shanghai/1/2013
A/Shanghai/2/2013
A/Anhui/1/2013
Eurasian
A/kelp_gull/Argentina/LDC4/2006__Argentina_H13N9
A/emu/NY/12716/1994__USA_H5N9
A/shoveler/Netherlands/19/1999__Netherlands_H11N9
A/chicken/Italy/22A/1998__Italy_H5N9
A/wedge-tailed_shearwater/Western_Australia/2327/1983__Australia_H15N9
A/shearWater/Australia/2576/1979__Australia_H15N9
A/duck/Hong_Kong/278/1978__Hong_Kong_H2N9
A/duck/Hong_Kong/562/1979__Hong_Kong_H10N9
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
98
100
99
80
81
100
75
92
92
89
89
99
83
73
96
100
98
100
99
93
100
99
99
86
75
97
77
90
0.02
N9 进化树
红色标记为本次病例
CHINESE CENTER FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION
A/Shanghai/1/2013
A/Shanghai/2/2013
A/Anhui/1/2013
A/brambling/Beijing/16/2012_H9N2
A/chicken/Shanghai/C1/2012_H9N2
A/chicken/Zhejiang/329/2011_H9N2
A/chicken/Shandong/02/2010_H9N2
A/chicken/Shandong/H/2009_H9N2
A/equine/Guangxi/3/2011_H9N2
A/chicken/Zhejiang/607/2011_H9N2
A/chicken/Anhui/HF/2010_H9N2
A/chicken/Jiangsu/Q3/2010_H9N2
A/chicken/Shuanggou/1/2011_H9N2
A/duck/Shandong/009/2008_China_H5N1
A/avian/Japan/8KI0162/2008_Japan_H3N8
A/avian/Japan/8KI0068/2008_Japan_H3N6
A/environment/Korea/CSM05/2004_South_Korea_H3N1
A/mallard/Jiangxi/8341/2004_China_H6N5
A/environment/Korea/ESD18/2004_South_Korea_H3N6
A/duck/Guangxi/3333/2006_China_H6N1
A/duck/Guangxi/1248/2006_China_H6N2
A/wild_bird/Korea/YJ117/2007_South_Korea_H4N6
A/turkey/Italy/977/1999_Italy_H7N1
A/turkey/Italy/1067/99__Italy_H7N1
A/turkey/Italy/1265/1999_Italy_H7N1
A/mallard/Czech_Republic/13438-29K/2010_H11N9
A/avian/Egypt/920431/2006_H9N2
A/spot-billed_duck/Korea/447/2011_H7N9
A/wild_bird/Korea/A14/2011_H7N9
A/wild_bird/Korea/A3/2011_H7N9
A/goose/Czech_Republic/1848-K9/2009_H7N9
A/goose/Czech_Republic/1848-T14/2009_H7N9
PC0360_H7N7-PB2.seq
A/duck/Jiangxi/1814/03_China_H7N7
A/wild_duck/Mongolia/1-241/2008_H7N9
A/Anas_crecca/Spain/1460/2008_H7N9
A/mallard/Sweden/105/2002_Sweden_H7N7
A/gadwall/Netherlands/1/2006_H9N2
A/Netherlands/219/2003_Netherlands_H7N7
A/chicken/Netherlands/2586/2003_Netherlands_H7N7
A/England/AV877/1996_United_Kingdom_H7N7
A/chicken/Israel/184/2009_H9N2
A/chicken/Korea/MS96-CE6/1996_H9N2
A/chicken/China/Guangxi14/2000_H9N2
A/chicken/Guangdong/6/97_H9N2
A/chicken/Pakistan/4/99_H9N2
A/chicken/Pakistan/UDL-03/2008_H9N2
A/duck/Zhejiang/12/2011_H7N3
A/swine/Hong_Kong/9/98_H9N2
A/swine/Guangxi/7/2007_H9N2
A/chicken/Yokohama/aq120/2001_H9N2
A/wild_bird/Korea/A9/2011_H7N9
A/chicken/Korea/A146/2009_H9N2
A/chicken/Guangxi/55/2005_H9N2
A/duck/Nanchang/4-361/2001_H9N2
A/chicken/Shandong/KD/2009_H9N2
A/chicken/Hebei/A/2007_H9N2
A/duck/Fujian/FQ2/2007_H9N2
A/swine/Guangxi/S11/2005_H9N2
A/chicken/Yokohama/aq134/2002_H9N2
A/turkey/Minnesota/1/1988_H7N9
A/Canada/rv504/2004_Canada_H7N3
A/New_York/107/2003_USA_H7N2
A/ruddy_turnstone/Delaware_Bay/220/1995_H7N9
A/northern_shoverl/Mississippi/11OS145/2011_H7N9
A/blue-winged_teal/Ohio/566/2006_H7N9
A/ruddy_turnstone/DE/1538/2000_H7N9
A/Mexico/InDRE7218/2012_Mexico_H7N3
A/blue-winged_teal/Guatemala/CIP049-01/2008_H7N9
A/blue-winged_teal/Guatemala/CIP049-02/2008_H7N9100
86
90
70
99
88
100
100
100
100
83
78
99
100
100
100
71
91
100
100
89
82
98
100
100
99
93
99
100
99
90
100
81
88
100
88
90
98
81
74
0.02
PB2进化树
红色标记为本次病例
●H7 人感染病例
CHINESE CENTER FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION
A/chicken/Shanghai/C1/2012 H9N2
A/chicken/Zhejiang/329/2011 H9N2
A/chicken/Zhejiang/607/2011 H9N2
A/chicken/Shandong/02/2010 H9N2
A/chicken/Shandong/H/2009 H9N2
A/brambling/Beijing/16/2012 H9N2
A/Shanghai/1/2013
A/Shanghai/2/2013
A/Anhui/1/2013
A/chicken/Hebei/1102/2010 China H5N2
A/chicken/Anhui/HF/2010 H9N2
A/chicken/Jiangsu/Q3/2010 H9N2
A/chicken/Shandong/KD/2009 H9N2
H9
A/chicken/Shuanggou/1/2011 H9N2
A/chicken/Tibet/LZ01/2010 China H5N2
A/swine/Shandong/275/2009 China H1N1
A/environment/Hunan/1-18/2007 H9N2
A/environment/Hunan/5-32/2007 China H5N1
A/duck/Shanghai/35/2002 China H5N1
A/duck/Zhejiang/03/2001 H9N2
A/environment/Korea/ESD18/2004 South Korea H3N6
A/aquatic bird/Korea/W69/2005 South Korea H6N5
A/duck/Nanchang/2-0486/2000 China H2N9
A/duck/Nanchang/1941/1993 China H4N4
A/environment/Hong Kong/437-6/99 Hong Kong H5N1
A/goose/Hong Kong/437-6/1999 Hong Kong H5N1
A/wild duck/Shantou/2395/2001 China H6N2
A/duck/Nanchang/1904/1992 China H7N1
A/swine/Guangxi/S11/2005 H9N2
A/duck/Korea/CBU08107/2008 H9N2
A/chicken/Korea/AI-96004/1996 H9N2
A/chicken/Guangxi/10/99 H9N2
A/chicken/Hubei/01/1999 H9N2
A/chicken/Hebei/0822/2007 H9N2
A/Peking duck/Heinersdorf/648-6/1985 Germany H2N3
A/avian/Saudi Arabia/910136/2006 H9N2
A/Anas crecca/Spain/1460/2008 H7N9
A/greylag goose/Netherlands/4/1999 Netherlands H6N1
A/duck/Zhejiang/12/2011 H7N3
A/mallard/Czech Republic/13438-29K/2010 H11N9
PC0360 H7N7-PB1.seq
A/goose/Czech Republic/1848-K9/2009 H7N9
A/quail/Lebanon/272/2010 H9N2
A/Netherlands/219/2003 Netherlands H7N7
A/Netherlands/033/03 Netherlands H7N7
A/chicken/Pakistan/UDL-01/2008 H9N2
A/wild duck/Mongolia/1-241/2008 H7N9
A/gadwall/Netherlands/1/2006 H9N2
A/avian/Israel/313/2008 H9N2
A/turkey/Israel/810/2001 H9N2
A/mallard/PT/27972-B139/2007 H9N2
A/wild bird/Korea/A9/2011 H7N9
A/wild bird/Korea/A14/2011 H7N9
A/spot-billed duck/Korea/447/2011 H7N9
A/wild bird/Korea/A3/2011 H7N9
A/duck/Hong Kong/702/1979 H9N2
A/turkey/Wisconsin/1/1966 H9N2
A/ruddy turnstone/Delaware Bay/220/1995 H7N9
A/mallard/Minnesota/341/1999 H9N2
A/New York/107/2003 USA H7N2
A/turkey/Minnesota/1/1988 H7N9
A/turkey/Minnesota/38429/1988 H7N9
A/Canada/rv504/2004 Canada H7N3
A/sanderling/Delaware Bay/449/2006 H9N2
A/mallard/Minnesota/309/1998 H9N2
A/ruddy turnstone/DE/1538/2000 H7N9
A/thick-billed murre/Alaska/44145-186/2006 H9N2
A/northern shoverl/Mississippi/11OS145/2011 H7N9
A/Mexico/InDRE7218/2012 Mexico H7N3
A/blue-winged teal/Ohio/566/2006 H7N9
A/blue-winged teal/Guatemala/CIP049-01/2008 H7N9
A/blue-winged teal/Guatemala/CIP049-02/2008 H7N999
99
99
87
99
99
99
96
98
99
99
84
99
99
99
99
99
72
99
99
99
96
96
99
99
99
99
85
74
97
99
99
99
99
99
98
97
89
82
88
72
0.01
PB1
CHINESE CENTER FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION
A/spot-billed duck/Korea/447/2011(H7N9)
A/wild bird/Korea/A14/2011(H7N9)
A/wild bird/Korea/A3/2011(H7N9)
PC0360(H7N7)-PA.seq
A/mallard/Czech Republic/13438-29K/2010(H11N9)
A/Anas crecca/Spain/1460/2008(H7N9)
A/wild bird/Korea/A9/2011(H7N9)
A/wild duck/Mongolia/1-241/2008(H7N9)
A/goose/Czech Republic/1848-K9/2009(H7N9)
A/goose/Czech Republic/1848-T14/2009(H7N9)
A/England/AV877/1996 United Kingdom H7N7
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